离子液体[BMIM][DBP]+水+甲醇/乙醇三元工质溶液蒸汽压的测量和预测(英文)

The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) was prepared and the vapor pressures of three set of binary solutions H2O(1)/CH3OH(1)/C2H5OH(1) + [BMIM][DBP](2) were measured at different temperature and in the ILs mole fraction range from 0.1 to 0.6 with a static equilibrium apparatus. The measured vapor pressures were correlated with Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model and the average relative deviations (ARD) between experimental and correlated vapor pressures for these binary solutions were 3.19%, 2.42% and 2.95%, respectively. Then, the vapor pressures of two set of ternary solutions H2O(1) + CH3OH(2)/C2H5OH(2) + [BMIM][DBP](3) were measured with an inclined boiling apparatus and further predicted with NRTL activity coefficient model based on the binary interaction parameters coming from fitting the vapor pressures of the binary solutions. The results indicated that the ternary solutions containing [BMIM][DBP] were shown a strong negative deviation from Raoult’s Law when the mole fraction of [BMIM][DBP] was larger than 0.2, which meant that ternary solutions could absorb the refrigerant vapors at the same or below solution temperature. Meanwhile, the average relative deviations between experimental and predicted vapor pressures for ternary solutions were 2.92% and 3.06%, respectively. Consequently, the NRTL active coefficient model used for non-electrolyte solutions was still valid for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary or ternary solutions containing ILs.     

三元铁基离子液体-乙醇-水体系的湿法烟气脱硫性能研究(英文)

Fe-based ionic liquid(Fe-IL) was synthesized by mixing FeCl3?6H2O and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl in this paper.The phase diagram of a ternary Fe-IL,ethanol and water system was investigated to construct a ternary desulfurization solution for wet flue gas desulfurization.The effects of flow rate and concen-tration of SO2,reaction temperature,pH and Fe-IL fraction in aqueous desulfurization solution on the desulfuriza-tion efficiency were investigated.The results shows that the best composition of ternary desulfurization solution of Fe-IL,ethanol and water is 1︰1.5︰3 by volume ratio,and pH should be controlled at 2.0.Under such conditions,a desulfurization rate greater than 90% could be obtained.The product of sulfuric acid had inhibition effect on the wet desulfurization process.With applying this new ternary desulfurization solution,not only the catalyst Fe-IL can be recycled and reused,but also the product sulfuric acid can be separated directly from the ternary desulfurization system.     

高浓度纤维素的离子液体溶液中均相乙酰化反应(英文)

At relatively high cellulose mass concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%), homogeneous acetylation of cellulose was carried out in an ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Without using any catalyst, cellulose acetates (CAs) with the degree of substitution (DS) in a range from 0.4 to 3.0 were synthesized in one-step. The effects of reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of acetic anhydride/anhydroglucose unit (AGU) in cellulose on DS value of CAs were investigated. The synthesized CAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR, and solubility, mechanical and thermal tests. After the acetylation, the used ionic liquid AmimCl was easily recycled and reused. This study shows the potential of the homogeneous acetylation of cellulose at relatively high concentrations in ionic liquids in future industrial applications.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐离子液体的热稳定性和热分解动力学(英文)

Thermal stability and thermal decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmin+][N(CN) ]2-) were investigated using both isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) under high pure nitrogen as carrier gas. The long-term thermogravimetric studies revealed that the highest temperature used should be 110 °C, at which [bmin+][N(CN)2-] lost less than 10% by mass in 10 hours. The non-isothermal activation energy values determined using Friedman and ASTM methods were (150±13) and (147±2) kJ·mol –1 , respectively. Multivariate non-linear-regression methods showed that expanded Fn and CnB models were the best fit models with highest correlation coefficient of 0.9994, and the apparent activation energies were consistent with iso-conversional methods.     

单(2-羟乙基)铵甲酸盐离子液体用于乙醇水溶液萃取精馏的过程模拟

利用Aspen Plus模拟软件,模拟研究了由乙醇质量分数为95%的工业酒精通过常压萃取精馏制取无水乙醇的工艺过程,并对单(2-羟乙基)铵甲酸盐离子液体和乙二醇传统萃取剂的分离性能进行了比较分析。考察了原料和萃取剂的进料位置、萃取剂用量、回流比等参数对分离效果的影响,获得了优化的操作条件,即精馏塔塔板数28,原料进料板为第17块,萃取剂进料板为第2块,溶剂比为0.6,摩尔回流比为1.6。在优化操作条件下,塔顶产品中乙醇的质量分数可达99.98%,与乙二醇为萃取剂的传统萃取精馏过程相比,再沸器热负荷降低28%,具有明显的节能效果。     

273.15-303.15K下尼扎替丁在甲醇-水、乙醇-水和异丙醇-水中的溶解度(英文)

The solubilities of nizatidine in methanol + water, ethanol + water and i-propanol + water mixtures were determined in the temperature range from 273.15 K to 303.15 K at atmospheric pressure by a static analytical method. The general single model was used to correlate the experimental data, which fits the data very well.     

303.15 K下氯化钙和氯化铵盐的溶解对甲醇+苯混合物焓的影响(英文)

The effect of two dissolved inorganic salts, cadmium chloride CdCl2 and ammonium chloride NH4Cl, on the excess enthalpy of mixing (HE) of the binary system methanol + benzene measured at 303.15 K using an isothermal displacement calorimeter with vapor space is investigated in the present work. Compared to the salt-free system, a decreasing trend in the endothermicity of HE values is significant with the addition of CdCl2 salt but the decrease in the HE values is insignificantly smaller with the addition of NH4Cl salt. The experimental values of the enthalpy of mixing are fitted into a Redlich-Kister equation and the deviations in the val-ues and the parameters are reported. The importance of the solute-solvent interactions and the solvent-solvent interactions are dem-onstrated from the increasing excess enthalpy of mixing values in the positive direction with the increase of salt concentration.     

孔隙尺寸、盐度和气体组分对水合物相平衡的影响(英文)

An experimental device was set up to study the hydrate formation conditions. Effects of pore size, salinity, and gas composition on the formation and dissociation of hydrates were investigated. The result indicates that the induction time for the formation of hydrates in porous media is shorter than that in pure water. The decrease in pore size, by decreasing the size of glass beads, increases the equilibrium pressure when the salinity and temperature are kept constant. In addition, higher salinity causes higher equilibrium pressure when the pore size and temperature are kept constant. It is found that the effects of pore size and salinity on the hydrate equilibrium are quite different. At lower methane concentration, the hydrate equilibrium is achieved at lower pressure and higher temperature.     

混凝土修复中水分交换对水泥水化、微观结构和界面黏结强度的影响(英文)

修复材料浇注到旧混凝土上后,在毛细作用驱动下修复材料和旧混凝土之间存在水分交换。此过程会引起修复材料中水含量的变化,从而影响修复材料的水化过程和微观结构以及界面的黏结强度。研究了修复材料和旧混凝土之间水分交换对修复材料的水化程度、孔隙率和黏结强度的影响。结果表明:饱和的旧混凝土可以为修复材料提供更多的水,促进了修复材料的水化。当旧混凝土不饱和时,不饱和的旧混凝土从修复材料里吸取大量的水分,导致修复材料水灰比降低。因此,修复材料的水化程度和孔隙率也降低了。同时,降低的水灰比提高了界面的黏结强度。     

阴离子表面活性剂和盐析类电解质对非离子表面活性剂相行为的影响(英文)

探讨了阴离子界面活性和盐析类电解质 (特别是直链烷基苯磺酸钠 (NaLAS)和柠檬酸钠(NaCitrate)对于市售非离子表面活性剂C12～ 15E〈7〉相行为的影响。对于相图中六角形和薄板液晶态的范围和微胞不互溶区的位置 ,NaLAS和NaCritate展现出定性上不同的影响。加入NaLAS提高了L1′ L1″生成的混浊温度和协助了H1相的形成 ,但它缩小了Lα 相的范围。加入NaCritate降低了L1′ L1″生成的混浊温度和缩小了H1相的范围 ,但它协助了Lα 相的形成。就效用上来说 ,NaLAS和NaCritate的存在可以被视为改变C12～ 15E〈7〉的亲水性质 :NaLAS增加了表面活性剂的亲水性和NaCritate降低了该项性质。在C12～ 15E〈7〉/NaLAS -H2 O系统中 ,NaLAS的效用可以通过加入NaCritate而中和 ;相行为回归到原来的C12～ 15E〈7〉-H2 O。这些相行为的改变是由于阴离子表面活性剂的静电性质和盐析类电解质的疏水效应引起的     

普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展

离子液体是在室温下为液体、具有离子特性的新型绿色溶剂,作为一类环境友好型的反应介质,在诸多领域有其独特的性质.综述了普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望.     

Vapor Liquid Equilibria for Ionic Liquid/Ethanol/Water Systems and the Effect of Anion Hydrolysis

The performance of two tetrafluoroborate-based ionic liquids (ILs) as entrainers in the dehydration of water/ethanol azeotropic mixtures was evaluated. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for the systems ethanol/water/1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and ethanol/water /n-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate including the azeotropic region. VLE data for the ethanol/water, ethanol/IL, and water/IL binary mixtures were obtained at 100 kPa. The hydrolysis of the tetrafluoroborate anion was studied for both types of ILs by ¹⁹F NMR analysis. The hydrolysis of the tetrafluoroborate anion does not have much effect on the ethanol/water VLE. The ¹⁹F NMR analysis indicated that hydrolysis occurred at high mole fractions of water.     

疏水性离子液体用于萃取酚类物质

测定了苯酚、苯基酚、苯二酚等几种不同取代基的酚类物质在疏水性离子液体[bmim]PF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)和[dmim]PF6(1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)与水两相中的分配系数. 实验结果表明,萃取过程很快可以达到平衡. 与传统有机溶剂相比,分配系数处在同一个数量级. 分配系数随温度升高而降低,离子液体对不同取代基的酚类萃取能力有很大差异,咪唑基团上取代烷基链的长度对不同酚类物质的分配系数有很大影响,因此可以通过调节离子液体结构使其适用于不同成分的含酚废水.     

Effect of Ionic Liquids on Organic Reactions Based on Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution

It is important to know how ILs（ionic liquids） influence organic reaction. In this paper, activity coefficients at infinite dilution of more than 80 organic compounds in ILs are collected and analyzed systematically. Through the study on typical organic reactions happened in ILs, such as Diels-Alder, esterification and Friedel-Crafts reaction, the ratio of activity coefficients at infinite dilution of products and reactants is employed to estimate different effects of different structural ILs on the rate and selectivity of reactions.     

Investigation of Ionic Liquids for the Separation of Butanol and Water

Abstract

With the continual rise in the cost of fossil fuel based energy, research into economic and sustainable alternatives is of increasing importance. One significant source of increased cost and demand is the consumption of fossil fuels for automotive fuels. While ethanol has received the most attention as a fuel additive; butanol could be a better direct fuel alternative owing to its physical properties and energy value when compared to ethanol. Commercial butanol is nearly exclusively produced from petroleum feedstocks currently; however, some recent interest has begun to refocus on its generation via fermentation. Unfortunately, this production is limited due to the nature of the process and the use of energy-intensive separation techniques. Ionic liquids are novel green solvents that have the potential to be employed as an extraction agent to remove butanol from the aqueous fermentation media. A hurdle to this potential is the limited availability of solubility data for ionic liquids. This research investigates the phase behavior of two ionic liquids, butanol, and water. Additionally, issues related to the implementation of the investigated ionic liquids are discussed.     

Ionic Liquids and Cellulose: Dissolution,Chemical Modification and Preparation of New Cellulosic Materials

Due to its abundance and a wide range of beneficial physical and chemical properties, cellulose has become very popular in order to produce materials for various applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of new cellulose materials and technologies using ionic liquids. Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids has been used to develop new processing technologies, cellulose functionalization methods and new cellulose materials including blends, composites, fibers and ion gels.     

离子液体的分类、合成及在氟化工艺中的应用

离子液体不挥发，无污染，无臭味，具有高选择性和催化作用且易于循环回收利用，作为一种新型的高效绿色溶剂，以其突出的优势已成为绿色化学研究的热点之一。简要介绍了离子液体的分类、合成及其在氟化工艺中的应用。     

2种咪唑类离子液体的合成与表征

采用两步合成法,以[BMIM]Cl和717#氯型阴离子交换树脂为原料合成2种咪唑类离子液体[BMIM]-[HCOO]和[BMIM][CH3COO],分别通过核磁氢谱和红外谱图对合成物进行表征和分析,结果表明所合成的物质确为目标离子液体。     

纺丝工艺对离子液体法新型纤维素纤维性能的影响

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[BMIM]C1）为溶剂,用干湿法纺丝制备了再生纤维素纤维,通过正交试验设计和系统试验,考察了气隙长度、喷头拉伸比、凝固浴浓度和凝固浴温度等工艺参数对制得的再生纤维素纤维的力学性能的影响,找出离子液体法新型纤维素纤维的最佳纺丝工艺。试验结果表明,对于该体系,纺丝工艺参数中凝固浴温度和拉伸比对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量的影响最大,气隙长度对纤维断裂伸长影响最大。     

离子液体的分类、合成及在氟化工艺中的应用

离子液体不挥发,无污染,无臭味,具有高选择性和催化作用且易于循环回收利用,作为一种新型的高效绿色溶剂,以其突出的优势已成为绿色化学研究的热点之一.本文简要介绍了离子液体的分类、合成及其在氟化工艺中的应用.