辽宁种猪H-FABP和A-FABP基因位点多态性研究

目的:检测辽宁种猪H-FABP和A-FABP基因位点多态性。方法:采用PCR-RFLP技术。结果:4个猪种H-FABP基因HinfI和HaeⅢ点酶切位点上都显示多态性,优势基因型分别为HH和dd型,荷包猪H-FABP基因5′上游区和第二内含子多态性分析的结果显示H和d基因的频率较高;4个猪种A-FABP基因内含子IBsmI位点进行PCR-RFLP均检测到3种基因型,在地方猪种东北荷包猪中,等位基因A为优势基因,在国外引进猪种大白,长白,杜洛克猪中,等位基因B为优势基因。结论:荷包猪具有高肌内脂肪含量,我国地方猪种肉质优于引入品种。     

杜洛克猪氟烷基因PCR-RFLP分析

应用PCR方法,体外扩增了47头杜洛克猪的氟烷基因片段(659 bp),采用HhaⅠ内切酶对扩增产物进行了酶切多态性分析。结果表明,在试验猪群中都呈现氟烷基因阳性,氟烷显性基因频率Hal N频率和隐性基因Haln频率分别为1和0,该群体已实现氟烷隐性基因淘汰,可大面积供种。     

氟烷基因对猪肉贮藏品质的影响

通过氟烷基因基因型诊断方法选择大长二元杂交猪30头,公、母各半,其中HalNHalN基因型和HalNHaln基因型猪各15头,研究氟烷基因对猪肉贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:在肌肉Hart透过率、挥发性盐基氮含量方面,氟烷基因显性纯合子猪猪肉比杂合子猪要好(P<0.05);在肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量和肌肉R值方面,2种氟烷基因型猪差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

氟烷基因对猪生产性能和肉品质量的影响

随着后基因组时代的来临及较高密度猪基因图谱的逐步构建和完善,方便我们在DNA水平上寻找与猪生产性能和肉品质量相关的功能基因,大量研究已证实猪的氟烷基因是调控猪肉品质的一个主效基因,但关于氟烷基因对猪生产性能的影响报道较少.针对上述情况,综述氟烷基因对猪生长性能、繁殖性能和肉品质量的影响及该基因的表达调控.     

猪抗病基因Mx1第14外显子多态性与免疫性能的相关分析

为分析辽宁种猪群体Mx1基因多态性与免疫性能之间的关系,提取猪耳组织DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术分析荷包猪、大白猪的Mx1基因多态性,通过双抗体夹心酶联免疫分析(ELISA)方法对两个种群中IFN-α、IL-4、SIgA的水平进行分析,显示:Hin6Ⅰ酶切仅检测到荷包猪存在AA、AB、BB三种基因型,基因型频率为0.681 4、0.061 9、0.256 6;荷包猪群体免疫数据整体高于大白猪群体,且波动范围大。结果表明:荷包猪与大白猪Mx1基因频率存在差别,荷包猪群体免疫水平高于大白猪,且携带更多Mx1基因的抗病性基因型。本研究为辽宁种猪资源保存、品种选育和开发利用提供了科学依据。     

猪氟烷基因的研究进展

本文综述了猪氟烷基因的研究进展.相关的研究表明,氟烷基因杂合子猪具有较高的生长速度、瘦肉率及较好的肉品质、高的繁殖性能.总体而言,完全清除猪氟烷基因对畜牧业是不利的.     

辽宁种猪ESR和FSHβ基因多态性及其与产仔性能的关联分析

为了分析辽宁种猪ESR和FSHβ基因多态性及其与产仔性状的关系,试验提取猪耳组织DNA,用PCR-RFLP技术分析辽宁种猪ESR和FSHβ基因多态性,并分析基因型与产仔数的相关关系。结果发现:种猪ESR和FSHβ基因可见多态性,且与猪的产仔数显著相关。荷包猪ESR基因各基因型对产仔数影响大小依次为BB、AB、AA,与大白、长白、杜洛克猪群ESR各基因型对产仔数的影响相同;荷包猪种群中FSHβ基因各基因型对产仔数影响大小依次为AA、AB、BB,而在大白、长白、杜洛克猪群中,各基因型对产仔数影响大小依次为BB、AB、AA。说明荷包种猪群体ESR和FSHβ基因可见多态性,且与猪的产仔数显著相关,荷包猪与外来种猪基因型对产仔数影响不同。     

猪氟烷基因的研究进展

本文综述了猪氟烷基因的研究进展。相关的研究表明，氟烷基因杂合子猪具有较高的生长速度、瘦肉率及较好的肉品质、高的繁殖性能。总体而言，完全清除猪氟烷基因对畜牧业是不利的。     

辽宁省部分地区种猪氟烷基因检测统计与分析

为消灭种猪氟烷敏感基因,减少其对养猪业的危害,降低劣质肉造成的经济损失,本文对2011~2013年辽宁部分地区种猪氟烷敏感基因进行检测。本试验采用PCR-RFLP法,共检测样品14 392个,检测出的阳性种猪1 518全部淘汰。经统计,长白、大白、杜洛克氟烷基因阳性率分别为9.11%、10.15%、10.78%,其中种公猪氟烷基因阳性率分别为13.62%、11.19%、12.61%,种公猪的阳性率都比大群猪的氟烷基因阳性率高。     

一种猪氟烷基因的分子检测方法

<正>猪应激综合征(PSS,又称猪恶性高温综合征)是由常染色体上单隐性基因控制的一种遗传疾病,控制猪应激综合征的基因又称为氟烷基因。氟烷基因广泛存在于外来猪种和外来猪种与地方品种杂交而育成的品种品系。氟烷基因纯合子造成肉质下降,产生PSE肉。近年来,各地猪场在努力提高瘦肉率的同时,发现氟烷基因频率在猪群中有升高的趋势,从而给猪场带来了很大的损失。因此,及早地、准确地对猪群进行氟烷基因的检测,尤其     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.