华南印支期碰撞造山--十万大山盆地构造和沉积学证据

十万大山盆地是云开造山带前陆地区的一个窄长的晚二叠世—中三叠世沉积盆地,位于扬子与华夏陆块拼接位置的西南端。十万大山盆地晚二叠世—中三叠世沉积由巨厚的磨拉石建造组成,并构成多个向上变粗和向上变细的构造-地层层序。云开造山带及前陆冲断带上泥盆统至下二叠统中发育了大量的印支期形成的薄皮褶皱和冲断构造。这些指示扬子和华夏陆块在印支期发生了强烈陆内碰撞与会聚及前陆盆地的沉积作用。P2 /P1 之间的不整合面是伸展构造向挤压构造转换的转换面,为华南印支期碰撞挤压造山或活化造山的序幕。T3 /T2 之间不整合面是挤压构造向伸展构造转换的转换面,是印支期活化挤压造山结束的界面,标志着晚二叠世开始的碰撞造山作用的结束。华南内部晚二叠世—中三叠世构造运动性质及转换与当时华南南缘存在的古特提斯洋的闭合及印支板块与华南陆块的碰撞作用有关。     

华夏古陆活动大陆边缘的探讨

本文阐述了华南中元古代晚期活动陆缘特征。根据带内前寒武纪地层分布、古地磁、侵入作用、构造变形、深部构造、中元古代晚期沉积作用及火山岩岩石化学特征,证明活动陆缘是南华洋壳向南部古大陆俯冲的产物。武陵运动是华南最重要的运动,华夏古陆与扬子地块碰撞,形成统一的“华南古大陆”。     

华北陆块冈瓦纳大陆亲缘性的古地磁证据

通过对不同大陆寒武纪－奥陶纪磁性地层对比研究,确定了华北陆块早古生代位于南半球低纬度地区。世界各大陆块早古生代视极移曲线的相似性表明这一时期发生较快的真极移。将不同陆块的视极移曲线绕不同的欧拉极旋转,使之基本一致,便可重建寒武纪和奥陶纪世界各陆块的古位置。     

江西省地质构造格架及地壳演化

江西省从绍兴—萍乡—钦州古缝合线为界，分属扬子古板块与华南古板块。历经中元古代早期、新元古代早期等裂谷时用、四堡、加里东、印支、燕山等构造运动。包括５个地壳演化阶段，即早寒武纪原始陆壳形成阶段，中元古代扬子、华夏等古地体活动阶段，新元古代至早古生代扬子、华南古板块与华南陆间裂谷带活动阶段，晚古生代至中三叠世华南大陆形成阶段以及中、新生代欧亚板块活动与华南大陆“活化”阶段，形成了以“南北分野”的古构造基础，以中新生代“向洋分带”为主导的复合构造格局。     

庐江沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床构造-岩浆-矿化特征

1区域地质及构造演化安徽庐江沙溪板岩型铜金矿矿区位于扬子陆块北缘下扬子地块沿江褶断带北部巢湖构造带内,沿江褶断带在震旦世隆起已很明显,隆起区沉积厚度不足400m,而两侧坳陷区则可达上千米,这种状态持续到寒武纪末,奥陶纪至志留     

赣杭构造带区域大地构造背景的探讨

华南前寒武纪构造格架的确立,是在长期研究中不断取得进展并完善的。通过前寒武纪建造、构造综合分析表明：华夏古陆是一个被肢解了的早前寒武纪古大陆;中元古代晚期浙西—赣东北为华夏古陆的活动陆缘;武陵运动是华南最重要的造山运动,华夏古陆与扬子地块在赣东北断裂带碰撞,形成了统一的“华南古大陆”;晚元古代由于区域地质条件不同,各地碰撞后的构造演化有明显的差异。赣杭断裂带是一条晚元古代早期“Ａ”型俯冲带     

大巴山地区晚奥陶世—早志留世"宜昌上升"的沉积响应

奥陶纪—志留纪之交,大巴山地区处于宜昌上升的"湘鄂西水下隆起"和西乡上升的米仓山地区之间,长期以来缺乏系统的沉积特征研究。对此,本文从沉积学角度出发,对该地区晚奥陶世临湘组—早志留世龙马溪组沉积特征进行垂向上分析,并开展横向上对比。结合前人的古生物研究成果,笔者等认为该地区晚奥陶世—早志留世存在两幕次的构造—沉积响应,时间上与宜昌上升同步,第一幕发生在凯迪早期临湘组沉积时期,波及范围广,为主幕,主要与扬子北缘扬子板块向华北板块持续俯冲有关,为扬子北缘被动大陆边缘前陆隆起向陆地一侧迁移的结果;第二幕发生在赫兰特期观音桥段沉积时期,可能还包含了凯迪末期和鲁丹早期,为次幕,由赫兰特期冰川作用导致海平面下降所致,位置上大体上与第一幕重合。大巴山东段神农架地区的局部抬升事件是扬子东南缘广西运动远程效应和扬子北缘扬子板块向华北板块俯冲共同作用的结果。这些成果认识对扬子北缘大巴山地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交的构造—沉积演化研究具有重要的地质意义。     

闽,浙,赣晚前寒武纪构造格局探讨

华南前寒武纪构造格架在长期中不断取得进展。通过闽、浙、赣地区前寒武纪建造、构造综合分析研究：浙西－赣东北地区中元古代晚期为华夏古陆的活动陆缘;武陵运动是华南是重要的造山运动,华夏古陆与扬子板块在赣东北断裂带一线碰撞,形成了统一的“华南古大陆”;新元古代由于区域地质条件不同,各地块碰撞后的构造演化存有明显的差异;新元古代本区主要由华南新元古代早期大陆碰撞带和闽西南－赣南裂陷槽组成。     

扬子陆块西缘古元古代基性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘康滇南北向构造带内发育大量古元古代基性岩脉(墙),它们对于认识扬子陆块早期的构造演化具有重要意义.对四川会理地区侵入到元古界通安组内的辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得的207pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1694Ma±16Ma(MSWD=0.9),代表了该辉长岩的形成和侵位时代,这一结果指示会理地区通安组应为古元古代地层.辉长岩全岩地球化学具有类似于N-MORB的特征.辉长岩锆石初始(176H f/177Hf)i值为0.281881～0.281982,对应的εHf(t)为6.2～9.8,单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1738～1883Ma,平均值为1803Ma.这些数据表明古元古代辉长岩来源于亏损地幔,指示古元古代晚期扬子西缘之下存在亏损地幔.结合扬子西缘大量古老的碎屑锆石,推测扬子陆块西缘存在太古宙—古元古代的结晶基底.与扬子陆块西缘古元古代晚期基性侵入岩形成有关的幔源岩浆事件明显晚于扬子陆块古元古代碰撞造山及造山后的伸展作用,记录了扬子陆块古元古代晚期一次伸展过程,可能是Columbia超大陆裂解作用在扬子陆块的响应.     

湖南晚奥陶世凯迪晚期—赫南特期沉积相及岩相古地理

湖南晚奥陶世凯迪晚期—赫南特期沉积的地层在湘西北区为五峰组、观音桥组;湘中区为五峰组;湘南区为天马山组和苏水冲组。根据其岩性特征、沉积构造及古生物特征,将湖南地区晚奥陶世凯迪晚期—赫南特期沉积相划分为局限浅海相、潮坪相、深水盆地相、陆棚边缘—斜坡相等类型。凯迪期晚期,由于华夏陆块向扬子陆块不断挤压碰撞,黔中隆起、川中隆起等边缘古隆起面积不断增大,此时海平面相对上升,湘西北区变为被各古隆起围限的沉积了黑色碳、硅质页岩及泥灰岩的局限浅海环境,湘中地区主要为黑色碳、硅质页岩、粉砂质页岩的深水盆地环境,而湘南地区由于两陆块挤压隆升而沉积了陆棚边缘—斜坡相的砂板韵律;赫南特期随着全球冰川事件的发生,整个南方地区发生大规模海退,湘西北永顺—张家界—慈利一线以北抬升成湘鄂隆起,该线以南的湘西北区水体继续变浅,主要沉积了厚度仅十几厘米的观音桥组泥灰岩,湘中湘南地区沉积格局基本未变。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861