干旱胁迫对多花黄精叶片光合特性的影响

以3年生多花黄精实生苗为材料,通过盆栽控水方式设置对照(80%土壤含水量)、轻度干旱(65%土壤含水量)、中度干旱(50%土壤含水量)和重度干旱(35%土壤含水量)4个处理,研究干旱胁迫对多花黄精叶片光合特性的影响,探讨多花黄精光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应规律。结果表明：(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,多花黄精叶片叶绿素(a+b)含量、叶绿素b含量均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,叶绿素a含量却逐渐下降,叶绿素a/b值和类胡萝卜素含量则呈“升高-下降-升高”的变化趋势。(2)多花黄精叶片净光合速率日变化在正常和轻度干旱胁迫条件下呈“单峰”曲线,而在中度和重度干旱胁迫条件下则表现为“双峰”曲线,且其“光合午休”现象的主要影响因素为非气孔限制。(3)随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,多花黄精叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光能利用效率日均值均随之下降,但其水分利用效率日均值却随之上升。(4)随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,多花黄精的光补偿点先降低再急剧增加,而光饱和点则呈先增加再降低的变化趋势,且其表观量子效率逐渐降低;同时,其CO₂补偿点和CO₂饱和点均随着干旱胁迫程度...     

干旱胁迫与复水对块根紫金牛生理特性的影响

以岩溶特有药用植物块根紫金牛为试材,研究土壤水分胁迫及复水条件下其叶片光合参数、相对含水量、质膜透性、渗透调节物质含量的变化特性。结果表明:水分胁迫下,块根紫金牛的叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均几乎接近零点,但胞间CO2浓度上升,即非气孔因素限制是光合速率下降的主要原因。水分胁迫不影响块根紫金牛单位面积的总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,但干旱处理的Chl a/b和Car/Chl分别显著低于和高于对照。水分胁迫下,块根紫金牛的叶片相对含水量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著增大,即膜系统受到一定的伤害;块根紫金牛叶片脯氨酸含量显著降低,可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化,可溶性糖含量显著增大,但增大幅度不大,说明其在干旱胁迫下的渗透调节能力较弱。复水处理后,块根紫金牛全部指标均能恢复到对照水平,说明其对干旱胁迫较为敏感,主要采取避旱策略。     

土壤干旱胁迫对紫叶矮樱叶片呈色的影响

以盆栽3 a紫叶矮樱叶片为试材,采用称重控水法,设对照(土壤含水量18.11%)、轻度干旱(土壤含水量14.72%)、中度干旱(土壤含水量11.32%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量7.92%)4个处理组,研究不同土壤干旱条件下紫叶矮樱叶片呈色色素含量、可溶性糖含量、PAL酶活性的变化规律及其对叶片呈色的影响.结果表明:轻度干旱,随胁迫时间的延长叶片中花青苷、类黄酮、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量、PAL酶活性和a*增加, L*和b*降低;中度和重度干旱,随胁迫时间的延长花青苷、类黄酮、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖含量、PAL酶活性和a*先增加再降低,L*和b*先减小再增大.短时间的干旱能够提高紫叶矮樱的叶片色泽,中度干旱15 d或重度干旱12 d,是紫叶矮樱叶色发生明显转变的关键时期;花青苷含量的变化是影响紫叶矮樱叶色变化的主要原因.     

NaCl胁迫抑制玉米幼苗光合作用的可能机理

用NaCl 100mmol/L处理玉米幼苗,216 h内不同时间分别测叶片光合速率及其它生理指标,结果表明随处理时间的延长,光合速率下降,气孔导度减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度先降低后升高(图1);叶片MDA(图5a)、Cl-、Pi(图4)及可溶性糖(图2b)含量增加;质膜透性增大(图2a);Chla/Chl b(图3b)及Fv/Fm(图5b)减小;MDH、PEPC酶活性降低(图6).细胞间隙CO2浓度的变化,说明光合速率下降的原因短时间内以渗透胁迫产生的气孔限制因素为主,长时间时以非气孔因素为主.Cl-多对细胞产生离子毒害,Pi的增多可竞争性地抑制RuBP羧化酶的活性.MDA的增加表明活性氧增多,活性氧通过使酶失活和膜伤害抑制细胞生长,使细胞内糖利用减少,可溶性糖含量增加,进而反馈性地抑制光合作用.活性氧还可以漂白叶绿素、增强光抑制及使与光合作用有关的酶失活,而抑制光合作用.因此,NaCl胁迫下光合作用降低的原因是多因素共同作用的结果,短时间内以气孔限制因素为主,长时间时以非气孔因素为主,在非气孔因素中活性氧的增加是主导因素.     

NaCl胁迫抑制玉米幼苗光合作用的可能机理

用NaCl 100mmol/L处理玉米幼苗,216h内不同时间分别测叶片光合速率及其安生理指标,结果表明：随处理时间的延长,光合速率下降,气孔导度减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度先降低后高（图1）;叶片MDA（图5a）、L^-、Pi（图4）及可溶性糖（图2b）含量增加;质膜透性增大（图2a）;Chl a/Chl b（图3b）及Fv/Fm（图5b）减小;MDH、PEPC酶活性降低（图6）。细胞间隙CO2浓度的变化。说明光合速率下降的原因短时间内以渗透胁迫产生的气孔限制因素为主,长时间时以非气孔因素为主。Cl^-多对细胞产生离子毒害,Pi的增多可干着急性地抑制RuBP羧化酶的活性。MDA的增加表明活性氧增多,活性氧通过使酶失活和膜伤害抑制细胞生长,使细胞内糖利用减少,可溶性糖含量增加,进而反馈性地抑制光合作用。活性氧还可以漂白叶绿素、增强光抑制及使与光合作用有关的酶失活,而抑制光合作用。因此,NaCl胁迫下光合作用降低的原因是多因素共同作用的结果,短时间内以气孔限制因素为主,长时间时以非气孔因素为主,在非气孔因素中活性氧的增加是主导因素。     

干旱胁迫下石灰花楸幼苗叶片的解剖结构和光合生理响应

采用盆栽控水设置4种水分梯度,研究1年生石灰花楸幼苗叶片解剖结构和光合生理指标对干旱胁迫的响应。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫下,石灰花楸叶片逐渐变薄,轻度和中度胁迫下栅海比显著升高,而重度胁迫下显著降低。(2)干旱胁迫抑制了光合色素合成,降低了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,同时使叶绿素a/b和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素值升高。(3)随干旱程度加剧,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度日变化整体下降,胞间CO2浓度整体上升,光合限制以非气孔因素为主。研究表明,石灰花楸能根据水分亏缺程度调整叶片结构和光合生理特征以维持生存和生长,具有较强的耐旱性。     

干旱胁迫对金花茶幼苗光合生理特性的影响

以金花茶一年生实生苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,研究不同水分处理(CK、T1、T2、T3,土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的85%~90%、65%~70%、50%~55%、35%~40%)对金花茶幼苗光合生理指标的影响。结果显示:(1)在重度干旱胁迫(T3处理)下,金花茶植株都因干旱而死亡,表明金花茶幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受极限为田间持水量的50%~55%(土壤含水量为15.04%~16.54%)。(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,金花茶幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)和PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)均显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)无显著变化,干旱胁迫下金花茶光合速率降低的主要原因是由非气孔因素所致。(3)与CK相比,T1处理下叶片初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著变化,而T2处理下F0、MDA含量显著升高,Fm、Fv/Fm显著降低;T1处理下金花茶的PSⅡ反应中心还未受到伤害,而T2处理下其光合机构发生了不可逆的破坏。(4)叶片叶绿素总量(Chl)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、Chl a/Chl b、Car/Chl、叶片相对含水量(RWC)均随干旱胁迫的增强而降低,脯氨酸(Pro)含量随干旱胁迫的加剧呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。研究表明,金花茶对干旱胁迫极为敏感,水分稍有亏缺,便会明显抑制其光合作用;金花茶不耐干旱的生理特性可能是限制其种群扩散的一个重要原因。     

五唇兰对PEG模拟的干旱胁迫响应研究

为了解干旱对五唇兰(Phalaenopsis pulcherrima)生长的影响,以聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液模拟干旱胁迫,对其叶片的光合色素、渗透调节物质和非结构碳水化合物(NSC)含量变化进行研究。结果表明,随着PEG浓度增加,五唇兰植株含水量和鲜质量逐渐下降,以PEG为13.75%～14.84%时最显著。PEG处理显著降低叶片的叶绿素a和b含量。随着植株含水量的降低,叶片可溶性蛋白、淀粉(St)含量均呈下降趋势,可溶性糖(SS)含量、NSC和SS/St均呈先升后降的趋势。因此,干旱胁迫会影响五唇兰植株的含水量和光合产物的积累;在较低程度干旱胁迫下,可溶性糖在抗旱响应中发挥主要作用;随着干旱胁迫程度加深,五唇兰的生理代谢受到严重影响。     

谷子对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应

干旱少雨严重限制了我国西北地区谷子的产量,为明确谷子响应干旱的生理特征,以干旱敏感谷子品种安04和不敏感品种豫谷1号以及xiaomi为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了谷子不同生育期叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量、非结构性碳、β-淀粉酶基因表达对水分亏缺的响应。结果表明,正常水分条件下安04产量高于豫谷1号,干旱胁迫严重限制了两个谷子品种的产量形成,安04和豫谷1号分别减产71.2%和56.0%,豫谷1号产量显著高于安04。正常水分条件下,安04具有比豫谷1号更高的净光合速率（P<0.05）,干旱胁迫下,豫谷1号叶片净光合速率显著高于安04;叶片蒸腾速率结果同光合结果一致。干旱条件下,豫谷1号具有更高的叶片相对含水量。干旱胁迫显著降低了两个谷子品种花期的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量,且安04降低幅度均大于豫谷1号。干旱胁迫均显著增加了豫谷1号拔节期和开花期的叶片可溶性糖含量,而安04叶片可溶性糖含量并没有发生显著性变化,同时干旱胁迫显著增加了豫谷1号β-淀粉酶基因SiBAM1的表达水平。施用β-淀粉酶活性抑制剂α-环糊精,xiaomi叶片可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量显著降低,进一步加重了干旱对xiaomi的生长抑制。综上所述,干旱胁迫诱导谷子β-淀粉酶基因表达和β-淀粉酶活性升高从而水解淀粉形成可溶性糖,高可溶性糖含量对谷子提高抗旱性起重要作用。     

外源硅对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗生长、叶片光合及生理指标的影响

采用营养液水培法,研究了施用不同浓度外源硅(0、0.5、1.0 mmol/L)对干旱胁迫(10%PEG、20%PEG)下烟草幼苗生长、叶片光合特性和生理指标的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫严重抑制了烟草幼苗生长和光合作用,膜质稳定性降低和引起氧化应激反应;施用不同浓度外源硅有效改善了干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗生长,均表现为株高、叶面积、根系体积、根系干重和地上部干重等生长指标增加,提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量,显著提高净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)并降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),膜质过氧化产物MDA含量显著降低,提高叶片含水量、膜稳定性系数和渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、可溶性糖)含量,显著提高SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性,而且1.0 mmol/L Si处理对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响显著优于0.5 mmol/L Si处理。以上结果说明,施用外源硅能提高干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗光合作用、抗氧化和渗透调节能力,缓解干旱胁迫对烟草幼苗的伤害,促进其生长。     

珍稀濒危植物堇叶紫金牛对持续干旱的生理响应

采用盆栽控水法,研究了珍稀濒危植物堇叶紫金牛(Ardisia violacea)在持续干旱条件下的生理响应。随着持续干旱时间的延长,堇叶紫金牛应对持续干旱的阶段可分为适应期、轻度干旱期、中度干旱期和重度干旱期。在适应期和轻度干旱期,堇叶紫金牛叶片游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量稳定在一个较低水平,可溶性蛋白质含量先下降后快速上升,细胞膜系统和抗氧化酶系统能主动进行生理调节;中度干旱期,丙二醛(MDA)含量和质膜相对透性迅速升高,细胞膜系统受损加剧,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均急剧增加,对抵御干旱起到重要的渗透调节作用。在轻度干旱期和中度干旱期,光合色素中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著提高,以抵抗干旱胁迫。重度干旱期,细胞膜系统、抗氧化酶SOD、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量上升,但MDA略微下降,这时可能达到植物耐受干旱的极限,不再发生膜脂过氧化作用。综上表明,堇叶紫金牛具有较强的耐旱性,RWC为49.94%是细胞膜系统、抗氧化酶系统和渗透调节物质含量变化的拐点,渗透调节和抗氧化酶系统的主动适应是其耐旱的主要机制。     

甘薯愈伤组织对干旱胁迫和盐胁迫的生理反应对比

研究干旱胁迫和盐胁迫对“芦选一号”。日‘薯愈伤组织可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性等的影响,从而在细胞水平上探讨甘薯抵御渗透胁迫的生理机制。并分析甘薯细胞对干旱处理（PEG-6000）和盐处理（NaCl）的反应差异。结果表明,可溶性蛋白质含量在干旱胁迫下缓慢升高,在轻度和中度盐胁迫的生长前期和中期有较大幅度的上升。但后期下降,表明短时间盐胁迫下,Na^＋可能促进可溶性蛋白的合成;MDA在重度干旱胁迫下的含量显著低于重度盐胁迫,而SOD活性显著高于盐胁迫。表明在盐胁迫下细胞膜透性增加的主要原网是膜脂过氧化作用。干旱处理则是PEG-6000脱水的直接结果;重度干旱胁迫下,可溶性糖含量在短期内迅速升高,然后下降,而脯氨酸含量则在胁迫中后期迅速上升。脯氨酸可能有补偿可溶性糖含量降低的作用。     

Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic products of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free Lolium perenne L.under drought strees conditions

Endophyte-infected fED seeds of Lolium perenne L.were used to attain endophyte-free fED population by heating the seeds at 43℃ for 15 min and then 57℃ for 25 min.Relative water content(RWC),chlorophyll,soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant.Under severe stress.RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that Of EF leaf,i.e.EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability.Under mild stress,endophytc could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability.With stress intensification,the improvement of endophyte no longer existed,and more photosynthetic products(such as starch)accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable condidons.In the next spring,EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations.The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis.Under severe stress,EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population.As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned,contents of Chla,Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants,which suggested that endophyte infection didn't alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress,and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways.     

Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic products of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free Lolium perenne L. under drought stress conditions

Endophyte-infected (EI) seeds of Lolium perenne L. were used to attain endophyte-free (EF) population by heating the seeds at 43°C for 15 min and then 57°C for 25 min. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant. Under severe stress, RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that of EF leaf, i.e. EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability. Under mild stress, endophyte could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability. With stress intensification, the improvement of endophyte no longer existed, and more photosynthetic products (such as starch) accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable conditions. In the next spring, EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations. The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis. Under severe stress, EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population. As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned, contents of Chla, Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants, which suggested that endophyte infection didn’t alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress, and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways.     

杜仲叶片干旱胁迫响应相关差异蛋白的筛选与鉴定

为研究干旱胁迫下杜仲幼苗生理生化及分子响应机制,利用盆栽试验,通过持续（3、6、9、12、15 d）干旱胁迫处理和复水处理,研究杜仲幼苗的生理响应特性。同时,通过研究对照与处理15 d后的杜仲幼苗差异蛋白质组,分析杜仲幼苗对干旱胁迫的分子响应机制。结果表明,随着干旱处理时间的延长,杜仲叶片的水分饱和亏逐渐增加;光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度均逐渐减小;SOD、POD、CAT活性呈先上升后降低的趋势;丙二醛含量则呈现先上升,然后下降,最后又上升的变化特点;脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的变化趋势与SOD等活性变化一致,前期上升,后期下降。在复水后,杜仲叶片的所有指标均有所恢复,但未达到干旱处理之前的水平。表明干旱胁迫影响了杜仲叶片的正常生长代谢。通过对干旱处理15 d后杜仲叶片总蛋白进行双向电泳分离和MALDI-TOF-TOF生物质谱鉴定,成功鉴定出36个差异表达蛋白,其中22个上调表达,14个下调表达。对36个差异蛋白进行功能分析发现,这些差异蛋白主要涉及信号传导、光合作用、碳代谢、能量代谢、次级代谢物合成、抗氧化保护酶、氨基酸代谢和蛋白质代谢。推测杜仲为适应干旱胁迫,首先是感应干旱胁迫信号,并传导至细胞内,影响杜仲叶片中光合作用、次级代谢物合成和蛋白质的生物合成;同时,通过过氧化物保护酶的作用,将过多活性氧加以清除;另一方面,则是通过增强糖酵解,磷酸戊糖途径,产生能量供杜仲正常生长所需。从生理机制来看,杜仲叶片同过增加胞内脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量,降低胞内渗透势,减少叶片中水分损失,与氨基酸合成和糖代谢相关蛋白的表达量上升的结果一致。     

Effect of Drought Stress on Lipid Peroxidation,Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Leaves and Roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycium ruthenicum</Emphasis> Murr. Seedling

Seedling stage is a critical period for survival and growth under drought stress. In the current study, we determined effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves and roots of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedling. The variables measured were lipid peroxidation (in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content), osmotic substances (free proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar), and antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)). Free proline, soluble sugar, and MDA of leaves and roots increased with increasing stress level. Leaves displayed higher accumulations of free proline and MDA than roots. However, roots showed higher total soluble sugar than leaves. Under drought stress, soluble proteins in leaves and roots decreased initially and then increased. Meanwhile, measured proteins were higher in leaves. Under drought stress, SOD, POD, and CAT activities in leaves increased initially and then decreased but increased with increasing drought stress level in roots. Under drought the level of accumulation of osmotics was higher in the leaves than in the roots, while increased activity of antioxidant enzymes persisted in the stressed roots longer that in the leaves.     

干旱胁迫对不同玉米自交系苗期渗透调节的影响

以5个抗旱性不同的玉米骨干自交系黄早四、掖478、郑58、旱21、齐319为试验材料,对持续水分胁迫下玉米幼苗的叶片相对含水量、渗透调节能力(OA)、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加重,叶片相对含水量呈现下降的趋势,渗透调节能力和可溶性糖含量呈现先上升后又下降的趋势,脯氨酸含量呈现持续上升的趋势;在持续干旱条件下,不同自交系各个指标的变化幅度不同,说明不同种质资源对干旱胁迫的响应方式不同,渗透调节能力也有差异。在水分胁迫的前7d中,渗透调节能力逐渐增加,第7天时达到最大值,OA从大到小的排列顺序为齐319郑58掖478旱21黄早四;但此后,除旱21外,其余4个自交系的OA都随之下降。旱21和齐319以可溶性糖和脯氨酸为主要的渗透调节因子,黄早四则以脯氨酸为主要的渗透调节物质。     

Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic products of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free Lolium perenne L. under drought stress conditions

Endophyte-infected (EI) seeds of Lolium perenne L. were used to attain endophyte-free (EF) population by heating the seeds at 43°C for 15 min and then 57°C for 25 min. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch content of EI and EF populations under normal and drought stress conditions were compared to investigate the effect of endophyte infection on the host plant. Under severe stress, RWC of EI leaf was significantly higher than that of EF leaf, i.e. EI plants took more advantages over EF plants in water-holding ability. Under mild stress, endophyte could enhance soluble sugars in host plants to improve their osmotic ability. With stress intensification, the improvement of endophyte no longer existed, and more photosynthetic products (such as starch) accumulated in EI plants to survive through the undesirable conditions. In the next spring, EI populations will recover more rapidly than EF populations. The biomass of a population is closely related to its photosynthesis. Under severe stress, EI population significantly accumulated more biomass than EF population. As far as photosynthetic pigments were concerned, contents of Chla, Chlb and Car of EI plants were close to those of EF plants, which suggested that endophyte infection didn’t alleviate photosynthetic pigments from being destroyed by drought stress, and endophyte might improve photosynthesis ability of its host plant in other ways. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25 (2) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(2)]     

万寿菊属不同品种初花期抗旱特性分析

以万寿菊属(Tagetes)9个品种为试验材料,研究了自然持续干旱胁迫对它们初花期的花最大直径、叶色、旱害指数等形态指标以及叶绿素含量(Chl a+b,Ch a/b)、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶片保水力(WHC)、叶片和花的脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标的影响,以揭示其抗旱特性及其生理机制.结果显示:(1)持续6d干旱胁迫条件下,万寿菊9个品种花的最大直径显著降低,叶绿素含量和相对含水量均呈明显下降趋势.(2)万寿菊叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均呈上升趋势;而花的脯氨酸含量持续上升,可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势,但可溶性糖含量变化趋势复杂.(3)万寿菊旱害指数与其叶片相对含水量、叶绿素总含量、叶片和花的脯氨酸含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著相关.研究表明,抗旱性强的品种可以通过调节自身的渗透调节物质含量减轻干旱伤害;9个品种初花期抗旱性强弱依次为:珍妮>金门>鸿运>拳王>巨人>发现>小英雄>大英雄>迪阿哥.     

Foliar Application of Cytokinin Modulates Gas Exchange Features,Water Relation and Biochemical Responses to Improve Growth Performance of Maize under Drought Stress

Improvement of plant performance under drought stress is crucial to sustaining agricultural productivity. The current study investigated the ameliorative effects of foliar-applied kinetin, an adenine-type cytokinin (CK), on growth and gas exchange parameters, water relations and biochemical attributes of maize plants under drought stress. Eighteen-day-old maize plants were subjected to drought by maintaining soil moisture content at 25% field capacity for 8 days followed by foliar application of kinetin at 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg L⁻¹ (CK0, CK75, CK150 and CK225, respectively) to the plants for two-times at the 9-day interval. Results revealed that drought stress markedly reduced stem diameter, dry weight, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and water balance but increased proline, malondialdehyde and soluble sugar contents, electrolyte leakage and senescence in maize leaves. Application of exogenous CK remarkably improved maize performance by modulating growth, gas exchange- and water relation-related parameters in a dose-dependent manner under drought stress. CK225 increased chlorophyll content (by 61.54%), relative water content (by 49.14%), net photosynthesis rate (by 39.94%) and transpiration rate (by 121.36%) and also delayed leaf senescence but decreased internal CO₂ concentration (by 7.38%), water saturation deficit (by 40.40%) and water uptake capacity (by 42.49%) in both well-watered and drought-stressed plants. Nevertheless, CK application considerably decreased electrolyte leakage, proline, malondialdehyde and soluble sugar levels in drought-stressed maize plants, as also supported by heatmap and cluster analyses. Taken together, exogenous CK at proper concentration (225 mg L⁻¹) successfully improved maize performance under drought conditions, thereby suggesting CK application as a useful approach to alleviate drought-induced adverse effects in maize plants, and perhaps in other important crop plants.