琼东海域锋面特征初探

2012年7月现场调查了海南岛东部陆架海(琼东海域),结合其中4个断面的实测数据和卫星遥感数据,探究该海域2012年海表温度锋面的季节性变化以及夏季锋面结构特征。研究表明,琼东海域温度锋面的季节性变化明显,强锋面中心会随季节变化。夏季锋面主要分布在上升流区,是典型的上升流锋面,锋带宽20~40 km,大致沿100 m等深线,随深度增加锋面强度减小,位置向外海移动。     

台风对中国东南海域叶绿素a浓度影响的遥感研究

通过对台风过境前后近一个月的MODIS卫星3A级叶绿素a浓度及海表温度数据的比较与分析,发现海表温度,海表叶绿素a浓度均受到较大的影响,其中海表温度平均下降2~3℃,最高下降近10℃;同时叶绿素a浓度在湛江、阳江海域升高约1.43倍,在东海海域平均升高2.44倍,最高可达9.75倍,并且叶绿素a浓度增长有一个约3~5 d的延迟效应。由此可见,利用卫星遥感资料监测台风对海洋叶绿素a浓度、海表表温度等环境参数的变化有应用前景。     

2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化

【目的】研究2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化。【方法】分别于2018年4月和5月对福建近海进行综合性调查,分析福建近海春季赤潮原因种的演替、浮游植物分布情况和群落结构变化。【结果与结论】2018年4-5月,福建附近海域从中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻双相赤潮变为东海原甲藻单一赤潮,赤潮数量级10~6～10~7cells/L;赤潮附近海域的浮游植物多样性指数较低;表中层细胞丰度变化差异大,底层丰度变化差异小。浮游植物优势种群由硅藻为主向甲藻为主演替。     

海籍管理系统中用海变化的自动检测方法

彼此相邻的海域之间由于用海类型的不同,经常存在相互的干扰和影响。本文以国家海洋功能区划中规定的海洋功能区分类及海洋环境保护要求为基础,设计了用海变化的自动检测方法。根据不同海洋功能分区的海水水质质量的标准建立缓冲区检测算法和历史用海检测算法,缓冲区检测算法用来检测同一时期不同位置的用海是否存在冲突;历史用海检测算法用来检测同一位置不同时期的用海是否存在冲突。在两种检测算法的基础上,利用地理信息系统开发组件实现了对新加入宗海及原宗海用海变更的自动检测功能,并以上海海洋功能区划数据为测试数据,验证了作为海籍空间信息管理系统的核心功能之一,可以实现用海变化的自动检测,满足对宗海空间变化和时间变化的信息化管理。     

台风“麦莎”对西北太平洋近岸和离岸浮游植物叶绿素浓度的影响

研究了一个强度较强、移动较快的台风"麦莎"对浮游植物叶绿素a浓度的影响。利用卫星遥感资料,分析了台风"麦莎"经历前后海表叶绿素a浓度、海表温度(SST)和风速的变化,并初步讨论了近岸与离岸海域海表叶绿素a浓度在台风影响下的不同响应。结果表明,台风"麦莎"对东海海域产生了较大影响。台风路径附近的近岸、离岸海域SST响应都十分明显,台湾岛以东的离岸海域SST平均值约由台风前29°C降为台风中的26.4°C,台风后回升至最大值27.8°C。中国大陆东南沿海的近岸区域SST从台风前28.6°C达到台风中最低值26.1°C,台风后回升至最大值28°C。离岸海域海表叶绿素a浓度始终保持在较低的水平,由台风前0.049 mg·m-3增长至台风后0.077 mg·m-3,在台风期间保持缓慢增长的趋势。而近岸区域在强烈风场的影响下,近岸台风发生前存在的较高值区出现了急剧的衰减,由台风前1.83 mg·m-3降至台风中0.73 mg·m-3,并在台风过境后两天迅速回升至1.17mg·m-3。台风期间近岸海域海表叶绿素a浓度和风速呈负相关,台风后近岸海域叶绿素a浓度恢复至台风前水平时间很短,出现了与离岸海域截然不同的响应变化。     

长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域环境适宜性分析

对长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域101个表层沉积物和102个表层海水样进行取样调查,开展表层沉积物类型、粒度、表层沉积物和海水重金属等指标分析测试,采用单因子污染指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价该区表层沉积物潜在生态风险,采用海水水质分类和单因子污染指数法评价表层海水污染情况。表层沉积物结果表明：沉积物为泥质砂质砾、砾质泥质砂、砾质泥、含砾泥质砂、砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂,平均粒径介于2.44~5.44Ф;Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、硫化物和石油类都符合第一类标准,属于清洁沉积物;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As富集系数均＜1,处于低度污染水平;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As单项潜在生态危害系数Eir介于0.56~30.71之间,RI均值为66.27,远低于低度生态危害的划分标准值。表层海水结果表明：21个站位受到Hg污染,略高于第一类标准,满足第二类标准,主要位于研究区西北部、西中部和东北部海域,其余指标均符合规定第一类标准;Hg、Cu和Zn含量处于较清洁环境范围内,As、COD、石油类、Pb、Cr和Cd含量处于自然本底环境。根据海底沉积物和海水分析结果得出,长岛北四岛海域海洋牧场规划区底质和水质环境适宜建设海洋牧场。     

斯里兰卡近海海洋生态环境变化遥感监测分析

斯里兰卡是海上丝绸之路沿线重要的节点国家,其周边海域生态环境变化与经济发展、休闲生活和食品安全密切相关。利用2002—2017年的MODIS遥感反演产品对斯里兰卡岛周边海域、关键节点港口科伦坡的生态环境参数年际变化规律分别进行分析和2003—2012年的MERIS遥感反射率产品对保克海峡进行水体类型时空分析,结论如下：① 研究区内光合作用有效辐射高值出现在马纳尔湾,海域沿岸浮游植物生物量相对较高,与海表温度负相关,外海浮游植物生物量极低,与透明度负相关。② 科伦坡港附近水温（海表温度）、海面光照强度（光合作用有效辐射）、水体清洁度（海水透明度）、海洋食物网基础的浮游植物生物量（叶绿素浓度）和浮游植物净初级生产力最大值分别出现在4月、3月、3月、8月、7月,致灾因素重点关注8月潜在的赤潮。③ 保克海峡浑浊带的源头是印度的卡里梅尔角,由高韦里河携带大量泥沙造成。这有助于了解和认识高时空变化的保克海峡及斯里兰卡周边海域在不同时间-空间的海洋生态环境。     

较场尾海域重金属污染评价及人体暴露风险评估

于2015年11月和2016年3月调查了较场尾海域海洋环境状况,以海水水质标准、综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数、目标危险系数来评价较场尾海域海水、沉积物及生物体重金属的污染现状和摄入健康风险。结果表明:两个航次海水均有个别重金属含量超标,其中2015年11月份航次重金属Pb、Hg超标,站位超标率分别为40%和20%,2016年3月份航次重金属Cu、Pb、Hg超标,站位超标率分别为5%、20%和5%,较场尾海域表层海水重金属浓度基本呈现由北向南逐渐递减的趋势;较场尾海域表层沉积物主要受到Cu、Pb、Cr、Hg的污染,其中5站的Cr和15站的Hg均超过海洋沉积物质量二类标准,Cu和Cr的站位超标率为16.7%,Pb和Hg的站位超标率为8.3%,站位综合污染指数以5站6.02为最大,潜在生态风险指数以15站65.14为最大;较场尾附近海域的重金属污染主要来自附近的工业厂区和燃煤电厂;较场尾海域所捕获到的鱼、虾、头足类目标危险系数之和由大到小为:鱼(0.132)头足(0.062)虾(0.012),均不存在人体摄入健康风险。     

南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析

比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的5个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（p＜0.05）和红海湾（P＜0．05）,该3个海区和珠江口明显高于台湾浅滩（p＜0.01）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（p＞0．05）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。     

北太平洋海表温度异常对我国汛期降水的影响

本文对我国汛期降水进行了旋转主分量分析,得到6个最基本的降水型,并利用北太平洋超前一年各季的海表温度与这6个降水型求相关,得到24张相关图。分析相关图的结果表明:黑潮海域的海表温度对我国东部绝大部分地区降水很敏感;影响我国江淮流域降水的海温区有几个,因而使得江淮流域旱涝情况特别复杂也难以预报;我国汛期降水和北太平洋海表温度的相关具有不同的时滞现象,绝大多数与冬半年的海温有密切联系,充分反映了海气相互作用具有十分复杂的机制。     

Middle Holocene warm period and sea level high in coastal areas,North China

Relevant geological, geographical, archaeological data were collected to study the characteristics of middle Holocene warm period and sea level high on North China coast. Middle Holocene climate and sea level change on North China coast were correlated to warm marine environment events in about 8-3 ka B.E The sea level in about 8 ka B.E was higher than present mean sea level, then fluctuated for 5 000 years and after that it became even in 3 ka B.E The highest sea level occurred in about 6-5 ka B.E; the maximum was about 2-3 m and minimum was about 1-2 m.     

Seasonal response of surface wind to SST perturbation in the Northern Hemisphere

The seasonal response of surface wind speed to sea surface temperature(SST)change in the Northern Hemisphere was investigated using 10 years(2002-2011)high-resolution satellite observations and reanalysis data.The results showed that correlation between surface wind speed perturbations and SST perturbations exhibits remarkable seasonal variation,with more positive correlation is stronger in the cold seasons than in the warm seasons.This seasonality in a positive correlation between SST and surface wind speed is attributable primarily to seasonal changes of oceanic and atmospheric background conditions in frontal regions.The mean SST gradient and the prevailing surface winds are strong in winter and weak in summer.Additionally,the eddy-induced response of surface wind speed is stronger in winter than in summer,although the locations and numbers of mesoscale eddies do not show obvious seasonal features.The response of surface wind speed is apparently due to stability and mixing within the marine atmospheric boundary layer(MABL),modulated by SST perturbations.In the cold seasons,the stronger positive(negative)SST perturbations are easier to increase(decrease)the MABL height and trigger(suppress)momentum vertical mixing,contributing to the positive correlation between SST and surface wind speed.In comparison,SST perturbations are relatively weak in the warm seasons,resulting in a weak response of surface wind speed to SST changes.This result holds for each individual region with energetic eddy activity in the Northern Hemisphere.     

Seasonal variation of the barrier layer in the PN section

In this paper, we use the conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) observation data and a three-dimensional ocean model in a seasonally-varying forcing field to study the barrier layer (BL) in the PN section in the East China Sea (ECS). The BL can be found along the PN section with obviously seasonal variability. In winter, spring and autumn, the BL occurs around the slope where the cold shelf water meets with the warm Kuroshio water. In summer, the BL can also be found in the shelf area near salinity front of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Dilution Water (YRDW). Seasonal variations of BL in the PN section are caused by local hydrological characteristics and seasonal variations of atmospheric forcing. Strong vertical convection caused by sea surface cooling thickens the BL in winter and spring in the slope area. Due to the large discharge of Changjiang River in summer, the BL occurs extensively in the shelf region where the fresh YRDW and the salty bottom water meet and form a strong halocline above the seasonal thermocline. The formation mechanism of BL in the PN section can be explained by the vertical shear of different water masses, which is called the advection mechanism. The interannual variation of BL in summer is greatly affected by the YRDW. In the larger YRDW year (such as 1998), a shallow but much thicker BL existed on the shelf area. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2005CB422303 and 2007CB411804), the Key Project of the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2006DFB21250), the “111 Project” of the Ministry of Education (No. B07036), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China (No. NECT-07-0781)     

海洋涡旋移动特征的区域划分方法及应用分析

为了合理有效地分析和挖掘海洋涡旋移动数据中的规律和模式,本文以基于空间交互性流聚类的区域化方法为基础,提出了一种海洋涡旋移动特征的网格区域化方法。该方法以网格为统计单元,对涡旋移动数据进行组织,通过图论模型构建海洋涡旋的移动网络图,然后采用基于平均邻接的层次聚类和基于模块度的划分2个步骤,实现涡旋移动特征的区域划分。基于该算法,对1992-2011年中国南海海洋涡旋移动数据进行算法实验,结果表明,南海海洋涡旋按照其移动频繁性特征可分为越南东南部（R1）、越南东部-巴拉望岛（R2）、南海北部（R3）3个区域。其中,R1区域包含了南海西南部深海盆地区的涡旋活跃条带;R2区域体现了南海中部涡旋向西移动的活动规律;R3区域则包含了南海北部东北-西南走向条带。3个区域内冷涡和暖涡具有明显的季节性变化特征：R1和R3区域冷暖涡变化相似,暖涡在夏秋季移动最多,冬季最少,而冷涡则相反,夏秋季移动最少,随后逐渐增加,并在春季达到峰值;R2区域暖涡在春季移动最多,而冷涡在夏冬移动最多,春秋移动相对较弱。     

Anomozamites (Bennettitales) from Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation,western Liaoning,China

The Middle Jurassic Hangfanggou Formation is well exposed in Shangsanjiao and Xiasanjiao villages area,Baimashi town of Huludao,western Liaoning,China.Recently,abundant fossil plants were collected from the Hangfanggou Formation.One new species,Anomozamites sanjiaocunensis sp.nov.(Bennettitales),is described in this study.This is the first report of the genus Anomozamites from the Haifanggou Formation based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal structures.The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Anomozamites in the Middle Jurassic.It also shows that Anomozamites was a common member of Bennettitales once lived in the Middle Jurassic warm temperate region.The new species also improves the knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology,epidermal features and the diversity of Anomozamites during the Middle Jurassic.The epidermal characters of the new species and its associated plants reveal that the plants grew in a warm and moderately humid environment in the warm temperate zone.The presence of some deciduous plants,such as ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans and conifers,indicate the climate with seasonal fluctuations in temperature.     

基于FFT与小波变换的SOI与GNSS ZTD的周期变化影响研究

为探究ENSO事件对GNSS ZTD(水汽)周期变化的影响及其相互关系,以河北省为例开展ENSO事件对GNSS ZTD及其周期变化的影响研究。首先利用快速傅里叶变换方法筛选出南方涛动指数（SOI）与GNSS水汽的共同周期,再利用小波变换提取GNSS水汽与SOI共同周期所在的高频项,并将重构的高频项与SOI进行相关性分析。结果表明,SOI与GNSS ZTD存在负相关性,由此推断ENSO事件与GNSS ZTD的周期变化存在一定关联。利用快速傅里叶变换方法分别提取ENSO事件和正常气候下GNSS ZTD的变化周期,分析ENSO事件对GNSS ZTD周期变化的影响,结果表明,ENSO暖事件（厄尔尼诺事件）对GNSS ZTD的最长显著周期存在显著影响;ENSO冷事件（拉尼娜事件）对GNSS ZTD的最长显著周期影响较弱。     

Application of a sea surface temperature front composite algorithm in the Bohai,Yellow, and East China Seas

The oceanic front is a narrow zone in which water properties change abruptly within a short distance. The sea surface temperature (SST) front is an important type of oceanic front, which plays a signifi cant role in many fi elds including fi sheries, the military, and industry. Satellite-derived SST images have been used widely for front detection, although these data are susceptible to infl uence by many objective factors such as clouds, which can cause missing data and a reduction in front detection accuracy. However, front detection in a single SST image cannot fully refl ect its temporal variability and therefore, the long-term mean frequency of occurrence of SST fronts and their gradients are often used to analyze the variations of fronts over time. In this paper, an SST front composite algorithm is proposed that exploits the frontal average gradient and frequency more eff ectively. Through experiments based on MODIS Terra and Aqua data, we verifi ed that fronts could be distinguished better by using the proposed algorithm. Additionally through its use, we analyzed the monthly variations of fronts in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas, based on Terra data from 2000 to 2013.     

The formation of wind curl in the marine atmosphere boundary layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in spring

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.     

Environmental Drivers of Temporal and Spatial Fluctuations of Mesozooplankton Community in Daya Bay,Northern South China Sea

The response of zooplankton to the ecological environment in Daya Bay is unclear under the influence of both climate changes and anthropogenic activities on a seasonal to inter-annual scale. Based on monthly surveys and historical data, we found the zooplankton community had changed temporally and spatially. A total of 134 species was recorded during the study, and copepods dominated numerically in terms of diversity and abundance. Both copepods and cladocerans were the main contributors to zooplankton abundance. The community structure of zooplankton was temporally classified into the warm and cold groups, and spatially into the three groups located in the marine cage-culture area(MCCA), the outflow of nuclear power plants(ONPP) and unpolluted waters(UPW). The zooplankton was characterized by low biomass(dry weight), high diversity and abundance in the warm period in contrast to that in the cold period. Compared with the other two groups, the MCCA group of zooplankton showed high abundance, low diversity and biomass. Variations in dominant species were closely related to temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration.Species diversity and dry weight decreased in comparison with 30 years ago, while zooplankton abundance increased. The seasonal variation in zooplankton was affected mainly by temperature that was controlled by monsoon, while the spatial difference in the community structure was probably due to eutrophication in the MCCA and thermal water discharge from ONPP. The zooplankton community is undergoing great changes with the tendency of miniaturization and gelatinization in recent 30 years in Daya Bay.