Fas/FasL介导的caspase-3活化与急性胰腺炎腺泡细胞凋亡的关系

目的： 研究凋亡调控基因及蛋白Fas、FasL和caspase-3在大鼠急性胰腺炎（AP）组织中的表达及其相互关系。方法：经胰胆管逆行注射不同浓度的牛磺胆酸钠建立不同炎症程度的AP模型,采用RT-PCR、Western blotting技术检测大鼠胰腺炎组织Fas、FasL和caspase-3蛋白及mRNA的表达, TUNEL法检测胰腺炎组织腺泡细胞凋亡。结果：在正常胰腺组织内即可见Fas、FasL、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达;建立AP模型后,随胰腺炎症程度的加重,Fas、FasL、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达逐渐下降,腺泡细胞凋亡率亦逐渐下降,且caspase-3 表达水平在各个组间的变化趋势与Fas/FasL系统的变化趋势相一致。结论：Fas/FasL系统介导的凋亡途径参与了急性胰腺炎腺泡细胞凋亡的调节。     

Placental fas/fas ligand expression in early pregnancy losses

PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in first-trimester placentas obtained from spontaneous abortions in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) or factor V (FV) Leiden mutation, compared with values in placentas from induced abortions in patients negative for these conditions. METHOD OF STUDY: We studied explants from 6- to 10-week-old placentas that had been prepared by collagenase digestion from 10 spontaneous abortions from APS-positive patients, nine spontaneous abortions in patients positive for FV Leiden mutation, and 10 induced abortions. All tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of Fas and FasL. RESULTS: Flow cytometric analysis showed that placental FasL expression was significantly lower in abnormal pregnancies than in normal ones. However, no such difference was observed for Fas expression. CONCLUSION: FasL on placental cells may be involved in the maintenance of immune privilege, thereby ensuring the safety and growth of placental tissues. Dysregulation of apoptotic mechanisms may play a critical role in spontaneous abortions.     

白介素10对脑缺血大鼠神经细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的:探讨白介素10(IL-10)对大鼠脑缺血梗死灶周围神经细胞凋亡的作用。方法:成年雄性Sprague-Darley大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)和脑缺血 IL-10干预组(IL-10组),术后24h断头取脑,TUNEL法(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling)测定梗死灶周围凋亡神经细胞的数目,免疫组化和RT-PCR法检测促凋亡基因Fas、FasL和caspase-3的表达。结果:脑缺血诱导神经细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.05),Fas,FasL和caspase-3表达显著上调(P<0.05);IL-10干预可显著减少脑缺血神经细胞凋亡(P<0.05),并抑制FasL和caspase-3的表达(P<0.05),而对Fas的表达无明显作用(P>0.05)。结论:IL-10可抑制大鼠脑缺血梗死灶周围神经细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制促凋亡基因FasL和caspase-3的表达有关。     

Fas and Fas-ligand are expressed in the uteroplacental unit of first-trimester pregnancy

PROBLEM: Fas and Fas-ligand (FasL) are thought to provide a strategy for reducing graft rejection in immunologically 'privileged' tissues by controlling injurious lymphocyte reactions. As the uteroplacental unit is often defined as an immune-privileged site, we investigated the expression of Fas and FasL in this tissue in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence were used for this examination. RESULTS: Western blotting with purified first-trimester trophoblast cells revealed one specific band for FasL. The presence of FasL on different trophoblast populations could be confirmed by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. In the villous part of the placenta, FasL is mostly located on cytotrophoblast cells with no access to maternal blood flow, whereas in trophoblast-invaded uterine tissue, interstitial trophoblast cells, which are in close contact with maternal leukocytes, revealed a strong signal for FasL, but no staining for Fas on these cells. However, Fas was found on CD45+ maternal leukocytes. CONCLUSION: Based on our experimental findings, we speculate that the abundant presence of FasL on trophoblast cells within the maternal decidua may play an important role in the maintenance of immune privilege in the pregnant uterus by endowing fetal trophoblast cells with a defense mechanism against activated maternal leukocytes, whereas in the villous part of the placenta, the Fas FasL system seems to be involved in the regulation of placental growth.     

三七总皂甙降低兔肺缺血再灌注损伤和抑制细胞凋亡

 目的: 探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系以及三七总皂甙的作用及机制。方法: 健康日本大耳白兔84只,随机分为对照组、肺缺血再灌注1、3、5h组和相应三七总皂甙干预组。复制肺缺血再灌注损伤模型。用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观测肺组织细胞凋亡,原位杂交技术检测肺组织细胞Fas/FasL系统和Caspase-3基因表达。结果: 肺缺血再灌注组肺组织细胞凋亡指数(肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93;对照组:2.04±0.67)、Fas/FasL和Caspase-3基因表达(肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029;对照组:0.121±0.015)均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并出现电泳梯形条带结构;三七总皂甙干预组Fas/FasL mRNA及其Caspase-3的表达(三七总皂甙干预5h组:0.199±0.020;肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029)显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),肺组织细胞凋亡指数(三七总皂甙干预5h组:12.58±1.82;肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93)也显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),梯形条带结构基本消失。肺组织细胞凋亡指数分别与Caspase-3 mRNA及Fas/FasL mRNA之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:三七总皂甙可能通过抑制Fas/FasL系统的激活,阻遏肺组织细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

葛根素对肺缺血-再灌注损伤时Fas/FasL表达的影响

目的：探讨葛根素对肺缺血-再灌注损伤（PIRI）时Fas/FasL表达的影响。方法：采用在体兔单肺原位缺血-再灌注模型。实验兔70只，随机分为假手术对照组（sham，10只）、肺缺血-再灌注组（I-R，30只）和肺缺血-再灌注加葛根素组（Pur，30只）。每组又分为再灌注1 h、3 h、5 h 3个亚组，每个亚 组10只，分别于再灌注 1 h、3 h、5 h 3个时点取左肺组织，观察Fas/Fas配体（Fas/FasL）mRNA定位表达、凋亡指数（AI）、肺组织湿干重比（W/D）、肺损伤组织学定量评价指标（IQA）及光镜、电镜下的组织形态学改变。结果：肺再灌注1 h、3 h、5 h，Pur组Fas/FasL mRNA在肺小动脉内（外）膜、肺小静脉内膜、肺泡上皮及肺支气管上皮呈弱阳性表达，明显低于同一时点I-R组（P<0.05）；AI、W/D和IQA值显著低于I-R组（P<0.01和P<0.05）；肺组织形态学异常改变不同程度减轻。结论：葛根素可下调肺组织Fas/FasL mRNA的表达而减轻细胞凋亡，对PIRI发挥积极的防治作用。     

Identification of apoptotic proteins in thyroid gland from patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Apoptosis, i.e. natural programmed cell death, is a physiological phenomenon indispensable for normal functioning of the organism. The signal to apoptosis can be started practically in any cell. Disturbances in the apoptosis regulation determine the essential link of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disorders.

The aim of the study was to assess the expression of Fas/FasL and caspase eight in the tissues of the thyroid gland in patients with Graves' disease (GD), non-toxic nodular goiter (NTNG) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The analysis of Fas/FasL expression was performed by western blot and immunohistochemical investigation with DAB-visualization and Mayer's hematoxylin staining. Caspase-8 expression in thyroid follicular cells was assayed by western blot method.

Identification of the proapoptotic proteins FasL and Fas exhibited their pronounced expression in the thyroid tissue in GD patients (++; ++) and HT (+++; +++) as compared to the NTNG group (0/+; 0/+). Among the study groups, the expression of caspase-8 was revealed in band 55 kDa from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

In GD patients, the percentage of thyrocytes with FasL expression correlated positively with TRAb (R = 0.58, p < 0.02). However, no such correlations were noted in HT or non-toxic multinodular goiter. There were no significant correlations between thyroid hormones and the percentage of thyrocytes with Fas and FasL expression.

In conclusion, our findings suggest that the changes in the expression of apoptotic molecules on the surface of T lymphocytes and thyroid follicular cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders reflect their substantial involvement in the pathogenesis of GD and HT. In addition, analysis of Fas/FasL and caspase-8 expression in thyroid tissue may indicate the disease activity and immunological phenotype.     

Significance of Fas and FasL protein expression in cardiac carcinoma and local lymph node tissues

Objective: To investigate the relation of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) protein expression with carcinogenesis and metastasis of cardiac carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Fas and FasL protein expression in 64 cardiac carcinoma tissue samples and 20 normal gastric tissue samples. Relation between FasL and Fas expression, age and gender of gastric cancer patients, and pathological subtype and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer was analyzed. Results: The Fas expression level was significantly higher in normal gastric tissue samples than in cardiac carcinoma tissue samples (85.0% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001), while the FasL expression level was significantly lower in normal gastric tissue samples than in cardiac carcinoma tissue samples (30.0% vs. 81.3%, P<0.001). The Fas expression level was significantly higher in invasive lymph nodes than in non-invasive lymph nodes (82.9% vs. 56.5%, P<0.003) and in well-differentiated gastric carcinoma tissue samples than in poorly-differentiated cardiac carcinoma tissue samples (50.0% vs. 18.0%, P=0.015). The FasL expression level was significantly lower in well-differentiated cardiac carcinoma tissue samples than in poorly- differentiated cardiac carcinoma tissue samples (42.9% vs. 84.0%, P=0.021). The Fas and FasL expression levels (25.0% and 81.3%) were significantly different in cardiac carcinoma tissue samples (P<0.001), but had a non-linear correlation (P=0.575). Conclusion: Abnormal Fas and FasL expressions in cardiac carcinoma and lymph node tissues are involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer.     

Apoptotic nuclei within the uterine decidua of first trimester pregnancy arise from CD45 positive leukocytes.

PROBLEM: The Fas/Fas-ligand (FasL) system is discussed to be one of the main components responsible for the formation and maintenance of an immune privilege. As we were able to detect FasL on fetal trophoblast cells infiltrating the maternal uterine tissue and Fas on decidual leukocytes (Hammer et al., Am J Reprod Immunol, 1999; 41: 41-51), we investigated whether apoptosis occurs in the maternal decidua during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: A TUNEL-assay was performed in combination with immunofluorescence to detect and characterize cells undergoing apoptosis. RESULTS: Apoptotic nuclei mainly arising from CD45+ leukocytes could be detected in the trophoblast-invaded decidua basalis as well as in the non-invaded decidua parietalis. However, while in the decidua parietalis the apoptotic leukocytes are scattered within the whole functional stroma, in the decidua basalis they are concentrated in the area around the so-called "necrotic foci" and especially in the primary feto-maternal contact zone. where trophoblast cells from the cell columns begin to invade the maternal tissue. CONCLUSION: Because of the irregular distribution of apoptotic CD45+ leukocytes in the decidua basalis we think that some of the maternal leukocytes are activated and killed by fetal trophoblast cells which express FasL.     

Enhanced expression of Fas and FasL modulates apoptosis in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with pulmonary edema

Apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL has been implicated in pulmonary disorders. However, little is known about the relationship between Fas and FasL in the process of lung injury during malaria infection. Paraffin-embedded lung tissues from malaria patients were divided into two groups: those with pulmonary edema (PE) and those without pulmonary edema (non-PE). Normal lung tissues were used as the control group. Cellular expression of Fas, FasL, and the markers of apoptotic caspases, including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8 in the lung tissues were investigated by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Semi-quantitative analysis of IHC staining revealed that cellular expression of Fas, FasL, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in the lungs of patients with PE compared with the lungs of patients with non-PE and control groups (all P < 0.05). In addition, significant positive correlations were obtained between Fas and apoptosis (r_s = 0.937, P < 0.001) and FasL and apoptosis (r_s = 0.808, P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between Fas and FasL expression (r_s = 0.827, P < 0.001) and between cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 expression (r_s = 0.823, P < 0.001), which suggests that Fas-dependent initiator and effector caspases, including cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3, are necessary for inducing apoptosis in the lungs of patients with severe P. falciparum malaria. The Fas/FasL system and downstream activation of caspases are important mediators of apoptosis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema in severe P. falciparum malaria patients. The proper regulation of the Fas/FasL pathway can be a potential treatment for pulmonary complications in falciparum malaria patients.     

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) confers human trophoblast cell resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis

Apoptosis occurs in the placenta throughout gestation, with a greater frequency near term in comparison to the first trimester. The Fas/FasL system represents one of the main apoptotic pathways controlling placental apoptosis. Although first trimester trophoblast cells express both Fas and FasL, they are resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis. Therefore, trophoblast resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis may be due to the inhibition of the pathway downstream of Fas stimulation. Expression levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) were recently shown to decrease in third trimester placentas, correlating with an increase in placental apoptosis. As a potent caspase inhibitor, XIAP prevents the activation of caspase-9 through its BIR3 domain and caspase-3 activation via the linker-BIR2 domain. In the present study, high levels of the active form of XIAP were detected in first trimester trophoblast cells, whereas term placental tissue samples predominantly expressed the inactive form of XIAP. Using a XIAP inhibitor, phenoxodiol, we demonstrate that XIAP inactivation sensitizes trophoblast cells to Fas stimulation, as evidenced by the anti-Fas mAb-induced decrease in trophoblast cell viability and increase in caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. This suggests a functional role for XIAP in the regulation of the Fas apoptotic cascade in trophoblast cells during pregnancy.     

Fas-FasL system in molar pregnancy

Citation Soni S, Rath G, Prasad CP, Salhan S, Jain AK, Saxena S. Fas–FasL system in molar pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 512–520 Problem Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is the commonest form of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, with the risk of undergoing malignant transformation. The molecular pathway leading to pathogenesis and progression of molar pregnancy is barely understood. The study focuses on Fas/FasL system which represents one of the main apoptotic pathways controlling placental morphogenesis. Method of study Placental tissues from 52 patients with complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) and 55 age‐matched controls were examined for Fas and FasL expression using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The protein expression was also correlated with trophoblast apoptosis (assessed by M30 Cyto DEATH), clinico‐pathological parameters and disease progression. Results Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed both cytoplasmic and membranous expression of Fas in villous syncytiotrophoblast as well as cytotrophoblast but FasL was confined merely to the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast. Both Fas (cytoplasm and membrane) and FasL were significantly upregulated in syncytiotrophoblast of CHMs (P = 0.004, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0002 respectively) and showed a positive association between them (P = 0.019). However, none of the proteins reveal any correlation with M30 index. The results were revalidated using Western blotting. Conclusion This study demonstrated differential expression of Fas and FasL in CHMs and its implications in the pathogenesis of molar pregnancy has been discussed.     

Fas-FasL和caspase-3信号通路在启动SLE患者T细胞亚群凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨SLE患者T细胞亚群的Fas-FasL信号传导通路与T细胞凋亡紊乱的关系。方法：应用流式细胞术测定T细胞亚群表面Fas、FasL的表达率及细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率。结果：与健康对照组相比较，活动期及稳定期SLE患者组CD4^＋T细胞表面Fas的表达率均显著增加（P〈0．05），CD8^＋T细胞表面Fas的表达率略有增加但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。稳定期和活动期SLE患者组T细胞亚群表面FasL的表达率均显著增加（P〈0．05），但两疾病组问T细胞亚群表面Fas、FasL的表达率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。活动期SLE患者组T细胞亚群细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率，明显高于稳定期SLE患者组和健康对照组（P〈0．05）。稳定期SLE患者组T细胞亚群细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率略高于健康对照组，但无统计学意义。结论：SLE患者外周血T细胞亚群凋亡加速，CC4^＋ T细胞的凋亡活跃，其中Fas-FasL信号传导途径可能起重要的作用。T细胞凋亡紊乱的程度与SLE的活动程度密切相关。     

Coelomic cells show apoptosis via Fas/FasL system: a comparative study between healthy human pregnancies and missed miscarriages

BACKGROUND: The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system represents one of the mainapoptotic pathways controlling placental apoptosis throughoutgestation. In the current study, we have examined the Fas/FasLprotein expression and the apoptotic incidents of coelomic cells,amniotic cells and trophoblastic tissue in first trimester humanpregnancies and missed miscarriages (MM). METHODS: Protein expression was determined by immunofluoresence, westernblotting analysis, immunohistochemistry and indirectly by RT–PCR,whereas apoptotic cell death was assessed by in situ DNA fragmentationanalysis. RESULTS: Coelomic cells express Fas/FasL proteins, can undergo apoptosisand were the only cells in which apoptosis, Fas protein expressionand FasL protein expression were accordingly increased alongwith gestational age (P = 0.001, P = 0.008; P = 0.012, respectively).In contrast, amniotic cells and trophoblast showed a consistencyin the expression levels of Fas/FasL proteins in healthy pregnancies.MM were accompanied by increased Fas/FasL protein expressionin all examined samples (P < 0.001). The increase of Fas/FasLprotein expression was accompanied by proportional increaseof apoptotic incidents among the coelomic cell population (P= 0.023, P = 0.009, respectively), whereas amniotic cells andtrophoblast appeared to be resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis.The lowest expression of Fas/FasL proteins and the minimum occurrenceof apoptotic incidents were detected in the trophoblast. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there is a different regulation andfunction of the Fas/FasL system in early human pregnancies.Aberration of the Fas-mediated apoptosis may represent one ofthe execution-step necessary for pregnancy loss in MM cases.     

乐尔脉对脑缺血再灌注损伤后期大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的作用

 目的： 探讨乐尔脉胶囊（LEM）对脑缺血再灌注损伤后期大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的作用与机制。方法: 采用大鼠左侧大脑中动脉内栓线阻断法(MCAO)造成局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。缺血2 h再灌注30 d后,应用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测海马神经细胞凋亡,免疫组化、RT-PCR 法检测海马神经细胞Fas、Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白及 mRNA的表达,并进行阳性细胞计数及Mias图像程序分析结果。结果: 大鼠缺血再灌注30 d后,模型组缺血侧海马CA1、CA2区凋亡细胞显著高于假手术组(P<0.05), Fas、Bax、 caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白表达明显增加,fas、bax、caspase-3、caspase-9 mRNA的表达上调(P<0.05)。LEM2.00 g/kg、0.87 g/kg和氟桂利嗪可显著减少海马神经细胞凋亡数,降低Fas、Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白表达,fas、bax、caspase-3、caspase-9 mRNA的表达下调,LEM 0.87 g/kg作用次于2.00 g/kg。LEM对bax mRNA有显著抑制作用。结论: LEM抑制海马神经细胞的凋亡,明显地减轻缺血再灌注后期大鼠海马神经细胞的损伤,其作用机制与调节细胞凋亡信号转导通路及相关蛋白有关。     

肺缺血再灌注损伤中Fas/FasL系统的表达及川芎嗪的影响

目的： 探讨肺缺血再灌注损伤Fas/FasL系统的表达及其与肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的关系及川芎嗪的影响。方法: 采用在体兔单侧肺左肺门持续性阻断1 h，再灌注1、3、5 h缺血-再灌注损伤的动物模型。TMP干预组于缺血前1h静脉滴注川芎嗪60 mg/kg。用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡的发生情况；用原位杂交的方法检测兔肺组织Fas/FasL mRNA的表达。结果: IR组与 TMP组在肺缺血再灌注后1、3、5 h发生明显的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡。TMP组各时相细胞凋亡指数明显低于IR组（P<0.01）；肺组织Fas/FasL mRNA的表达与肺泡上皮细胞凋亡呈显著正相关（r₁=0.900,r₂=0.869,均P<0.01）。 结论: Fas/FasL系统在肺缺血再灌注诱导的肺泡细胞凋亡中起着重要作用，川芎嗪因抑制Fas/FasL，而减轻由Fas/FasL系统激活导致的细胞凋亡，从而对缺血再灌注肺具有保护作用。     

复方丹参滴丸对培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧及缺氧/复氧时Fas/FasL蛋白表达的影响

探讨复方丹参滴丸 (DanShenPill,DSP)对培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧及缺氧 /复氧时凋亡相关基因Fas/FasL蛋白表达的影响。方法 :按常规培养新生 4d乳鼠心肌细胞 ,于培养 2 4h后进行缺氧及缺氧 /复氧实验 ,以免疫组织化学方法检测心肌细胞Fas/FasL蛋白表达的变化。结果 :缺氧 4 5h及 10 5h后 ,心肌细胞Fas/FasL蛋白的阳性表达指数 (positiveexpressionindex ,PEI %)均显著高于对照。 10 5h组与 4 5h组无明显差异。复方丹参滴丸组PEI明显低于缺氧组 (P <0 0 5 )。缺氧 30min后再给氧 4h与 10h ,心肌细胞Fas/FasL蛋白的PEI显著高于对照 ,复氧 10h组与 4h组无明显差异 ,复方丹参滴丸组PEI低于缺氧复氧组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :缺氧及缺氧 /复氧时均有凋亡相关基因Fas及其配体FasL蛋白表达的增强 ,复方丹参滴丸可通过下调Fas/FasL蛋白表达以减少凋亡从而减轻缺氧损伤及缺氧 /复氧损伤。     

Fas、Caspase-3和抗核小体抗体在参与SLE患者淋巴细胞凋亡紊乱中的作用

目的探讨SLE患者免疫功能紊乱与淋巴细胞凋亡信号传导途径异常之间的关系。方法应用流式细胞术测定SLE患者淋巴细胞表面Fas、FasL及细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率，并测定凋亡细胞百分率（AnnexinV^＋PI^-）和坏死细胞百分率（AnnexinV^＋PI^＋）。应用ELISA方法测定血清中抗核小体抗体浓度。结果与健康对照组相比，稳定期和活动期SLE患者组淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞和坏死细胞百分率均显著增加（P〈0．05），淋巴细胞表面Fas、FasL及细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率也显著增加（P〈0．05）。与稳定期SLE患者组相比，活动期SLE患者组淋巴细胞中坏死细胞百分率显著增加（P〈0．05），凋亡细胞百分率略有增加但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。活动期患者组淋巴细胞表面Fas、FasL以及细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率略有增加但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。活动期SLE患者组抗核小体抗体浓度显著高于健康对照组和稳定期患者组（P〈0．05）。SLE患者凋亡细胞百分率和活化caspase-3的表达率与补体C3浓度水平呈负相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论Fas信号传导通路在SLE患者淋巴细胞凋亡紊乱中发挥了重要作用。caspase-3的活化是早期提示淋巴细胞凋亡的重要信号。SLE患者淋巴细胞凋亡活化程度与疾病活动程度和免疫效应功能紊乱密切相关，而淋巴细胞凋亡异常程度与抗核小体抗体水平的高低密切相关。淋巴细胞凋亡加速在SLE患者免疫病理损伤加重和免疫细胞调控紊乱中扮演了重要角色。     

自然流产模型小鼠蜕膜细胞凋亡及相关基因的表达

目的 通过比较正常妊娠模型小鼠及自然流产模型小鼠蜕膜细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达,从细胞及分子水平探讨自然流产的发病机制.方法建立正常妊娠模型CBAXBALB/c和自然流产模型CBAXDBA/2.用免疫组化SABC法测定两组模型孕13 d蜕膜细胞Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达,并通过MIAS-2000医用彩色病理图像免疫组化测量系统对其表达进行半定量分析,其结果用平均灰度值表示;同时应用DNA缺口原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)测定两组模型孕13天蜕膜细胞凋亡情况.结果与正常妊娠模型相比,自然流产模型蜕膜细胞Bcl-2蛋白的表达降低(P＜0.01);Bax蛋白的表达明显升高(P＜0.01);FasL的表达明显升高(P＜0.01);Fas的表达两组比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).蜕膜细胞凋亡指数(AI),自然流产模型明显高于正常妊娠模型(P＜0.01).结论 早孕期蜕膜组织细胞凋亡异常是自然流产的机制之一,Bcl-2/Bax,Fas/FasL途径可能是诱导早孕期蜕膜细胞凋亡的重要因素.