GRACE估计南极冰川质量变化的泄露影响及其改正

利用2003-01～2013-12期间GRACE数据反演得到地球表面质量变化,使用全球正向建模恢复法改正泄露影响,获得南极冰盖质量变化。比较GRACE直接估计和泄露影响改正后的结果发现,南极冰盖在2003～2013年质量变化信号衰减20.3%,西南极有26.4%的质量消融信号泄露到了周边,东南极的泄露影响更高达70%。改正后的结果表明,南极冰盖绝大部分质量消融发生在西南极和南极半岛,质量积累发生在东南极的Ronne冰架和Amery冰架;西南极冰盖质量变化速度达到-152.47±2.00 Gt/a,基本上等同于南极全岛的质量消融速度,而南极半岛的冰盖融化速度为-27.44±0.75 Gt/a,基本与东南极的冰盖质量积累速度27.27±5.12Gt/a抵消;南极全岛冰川整体质量以-152.64±7.00 Gt/a速度消失,并以-18.85±4.87 Gt/a2的加速度加速融化,导致海平面以0.41 mm/a的速度上升。     

基于GRACE时变重力场反演南极冰盖质量变化

利用UTCSR发布的GRACE Level-2 RL04版本2003-01—2008-08月的重力场模型估计南极冰盖质量变化。由于GRACE提供的C20项不准确,利用SLR测得的C20项进行替换。对于经度方向上出现的条纹状信号,采用去相关滤波处理。选择去掉其中某一个月的位模型重新反演南极冰盖质量变化,发现相同区域的质量变化率并没有发生很大的变化。联合得到的位模型、滤波技术以及ICE-5G冰后回弹模型观测到的西南极Amundsen地区和南极半岛的冰盖质量消融现象,其等效水高变化分别为-5.28±0.95 cm/a、-1.82±0.77 cm/a;而Ronne冰架以及东部Enderby地区冰盖质量在增加,分别为1.42±0.69 cm/a、1.43±0.72 cm/a。与已有研究结果比较发现：西南极冰盖质量在加速融化,而Ronne冰架以及东部Enderby地区冰盖等效水高变化率没有发生大的变化。     

南极地区气温变化的一些特征

本文利用南极地区考察站的气温资料,对该地区气温的季节变化和年变化进行统计分析。结果表明,南极地区气温的季节变化有明显的区域性和两季特点,东南极大陆是冷中心,在南极地区气温变化中起重要作用,极点气温的年际变率不大,南极地区气温场中存在ENSO事件的信号。     

南极昆仑站完成120米深冰芯钻探

我国第28次南极考察昆仑站队近日在冰穹A地区完成120米的深冰芯钻探。在未来的南极考察中,我国南极考察队将继续深冰芯钻探,以期通过努力,在海拔4093米的南极冰盖最高点冰穹A地区获得3000米的深冰芯。（新华网）     

国际南极大地参考框架的构建与进展

回顾了南极大地参考框架发展的历史,总结了由国际南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)组织的历次南极地区大地测量观测活动的成果,并结合2007~2008第四次国际极地年(IPY)对南极大地参考框架的前景进行了展望,其中重点介绍了我国对构建南极大地参考框架的贡献。     

黑龙江测绘局极地测绘工程中心成立

为配合国家极地基础测绘的需要,2 0 0 4年1月19日,黑龙江测绘局成立了极地测绘工程中心。国家海洋局极地考察办公室主任陈立奇,武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心主任鄂栋臣,黑龙江测绘局局长李志刚和副局长王英斌为“黑龙江测绘局极地测绘工程中心”揭牌,并在黑龙江测绘局进行了《南极考察地区基础测绘设计书》评审工作。中国南极测绘,在国家测绘局和南极考察办公室的共同关心和支持下,从1984年中国首次南极考察开始,武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心已参加了2 0次中国南极考察和2次北极考察工作。黑龙江测绘局已派出3人次参加了南极考察。中国南…     

2003~2016年南极地区冰盖质量变化时间序列分析

利用CSR提供的GRACE时变重力场数据反演2003~2016年南极地区冰盖质量变化。结果表明,南极地区冰盖整体呈现消融趋势,消融速率为（-101.27±7.02） Gt/a,且在不断加速。EA以质量积累为主,速率为（69.09±2.64） Gt/a,但近期速率大幅减小;WA冰盖消融速率为（-148.35±6.78） Gt/a,表现为加速消融趋势,为南极冰盖质量消融的主要地区;AP消融速率为（-22.01±1.44） Gt/a,变化相对平稳。     

极地地区北斗三号单点定位精度分析

为分析BDS-3在极地地区的定位精度,选取两极地区10个MGEX站连续7 d的观测数据进行SPP和PPP实验。结果表明,BDS-3在两极地区可见卫星数及PDOP基本一致,平均可见卫星数约为9颗,PDOP约为2.3。BDS-3各频点间定位精度相差不大,南极地区SPP定位精度略优于北极,特别是U方向。北极地区E、N、U方向定位精度分别优于1 m、1 m和5 m,南极地区E、N、U方向定位精度分别优于1 m、1 m和2 m。BDS-3在两极地区PPP定位精度相当,与GPS定位精度基本一致,各频点组合定位精度在E、N、U方向均优于2 cm。     

南极GPS数据质量分析

以多路径误差和电离层延迟为评价指标,利用TEQC软件和QCVIEW软件对南极埃默里冰架、内陆冰盖、纳拉峡海湾、拉斯曼丘陵的实测GPS数据以及部分IGS站点的数据进行了数据质量分析,得到结论： 1)在同一站点上,L2上的多路径误差总比L1上的多路径误差要大;2)在南极不同环境下的多路径误差不同;3)纬度和太阳活动剧烈程度是影响南极地区GPS数据电离层延迟大小的两个重要因素。     

南极Grove山自然保护区信息系统的设计与实现

位于东南极Grove山地区的天然地质和独特地貌有助于解决许多重大的科学问题.为了保护该地区特殊的科学价值、美学价值和荒野价值,中国提出了建立南极Grove山自然保护区的设想,如何有效管理该地区的信息资源,为保护区的设立和管理提供决策支持成了一个急需解决的问题.本文介绍了南极自然保护区的研究现状,分析了南极Grove山自然保护信息系统数据特点,以及功能和性能需求,设计了双重模式(C/S模式和B/S模式)三层体系框架(数据层、应用层和表现层)的南极Grove山自然保护区信息系统,在此基础上,采用组件式GIS和Web GIS技术实现了原型系统,从而为Grove山空间数据和专题数据的有效管理,以及自然保护区的决策支持管理,提供了保护区信息交流与共享的平台.     

Progress in study of Chinese Antarctic Meteorites

This paper reviews and summarizes the Chinese Antarctica meteorite search, classification and research. During the past four antarctic explorations, a total of 9834 meteorites were collected in the Grove Mountains region. Among them, 2431 meteorites were classified by the end of 2008. So far, 684 meteorites have been officially published in the Meteoritical Bulletin, Meteoritical Society, including 2 martian meteorites, 2 eucrites, 6 ureilites, 5 mesosiderites, 1 pallasite, 1 iron and 10 carbonaceous chondrites. Comprehensive studies were carried out on a number of these rare type meteorites. In addition, we propose to continue the meteorite searching project in Grove Mountains and other regions in Antarctica. We also suggest several key topics of the future researches on the Chinese Antarctic meteorites.     

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Changes in Tintinnid Assemblages from Subantarctic Zone to Antarctic Zone Along Transect in Amundsen Sea (West Antarctica) in Early Austral Autumn

Tintinnid ciliates are important pelagic microplankton.Most studies previously conducted in the Amundsen Sea have covered a relatively small latitude range and provided minimal information about tintinnid species composition and distribution.The present study was conducted to investigate tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic zone(AZ)northward through the polar front(PF)to the subantarctic zone(SAZ).A total of 17 tintinnid species belonging to seven genera were collected,and 16 were identified.Results show that nine of the species are endemic to the Southern Ocean and they mainly inhabit the AZ near Antarctic continent with an abundant proportion exceeding 60%of total tintinnid.According to the tintinnid abundance distribution,the species were divided into four groups:Group I includes Acanthostomella norvegica,Codonellopsis glacialis,C.pusilla and Cymatocylis antarctica and mainly occurs in the northern boundary of the PF;Group II includes Cymatocylis convallaria forma calyciformis,an unidentified species,and Amphorellopsis quinquealata and mainly inhabits the PF;Group III includes Salpingella costata,Cymatocylis vanhoeffeni,C.convallaria forma cristallina,C.convallaria forma drygalskii,C.convallaria,Codonellopsis gaussi,and Laackmanniella naviculaefera and mainly occurs in the AZ near the Antarctic continent;and Group IV,which comprises Salpingella sp.and inhabits all zones.The new species of tintinnid(belonging to Group II)primarily inhabit the AZ but also are distributed in the PF,and they have large lorica-oral-diameter(LOD).The distribution ranges of tintinnid assemblages from the AZ to PF were determined,in addition to the different assemblages mixed in the PF.The information provided in this study increases our understanding of tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic continent in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Antarctic waters.     

Mirror seeing of the Antarctic survey telescope

Site testing results indicate that Antarctic Dome A is an excellent ground-based astronomical site suitable for observations ranging from visible to infrared wavelengths. However, the harsh environment in Antarctica, especially the very low temperature and atmospheric pressure, always produces frost on the telescopes＇ mirrors, which are exposed to the air. Since the Dome A site is still unattended, the Antarctic telescope tubes are always designed to be filled with dry nitrogen, and the outer surfaces of the optical system are heated by an indium-tin oxide thin film. These precautions can prevent the optical surfaces from frosting over, but they degrade the image quality by introducing additional mirror seeing. Based on testing observations of the second Antarctic Survey Telescope （AST3-2） in the Mohe site in China, mirror seeing resulting from the heated aspheric plate has been measured using micro-thermal sensors. Results comparing the real-time atmospheric seeing monitored by the Differential Image Motion Monitor and real-time examinations of image quality agree well.     

平流层臭氧的温室效应及其气候影响

本文阐述大气中重要的“痕量气体”之一——臭氧(平流层臭氧)对地球表面和低层大气的温室效应及其全球气候的反馈影响;指出了云的辐射力的概念及其重要性,并讨论了“南极臭氧洞”现象。     

Remote monitoriug ice velocities of the polar record and the Dark Glaciers

Measurement of ice velocities of the Antarctic glaciers is very important for studies on Antarctic ice and snow mass balance. The polar area environmental change and its influences on the global environment. Conventional methods may be used for measuring the ice velocities, but they suffer from severe weather conditions in the Polar areas. Use of satellite multi-spectral and muki-temporal images makes it easier to measure the velocities of the glacier movements. This paper discusses a new method for monitoring the glacial change by means of multi-temporal satellite images. Temporal remotely sensed images in the Ingrid Christensen coast were processed with respect to geometric rectification, registration and overlay, The average ice velocities of the Polar Record Glacier and the Dark Glacier were then calculated, with the changing characteristics analyzed and evaluated. The advantages of the method reported here include promise of all-weather operation and potentials of dynamic monitoring through suitabl     

Experimental Application of Intelligent Robot Technology in Antarctic Scientific Expedition

Intelligent robot technology has great potential for application in polar scientific expedition. During the 24th Chinese Antarctic Expedition in the summer of 2007/08, our ice-snow surface mobile and the low-flying robots were successfully employed for the first time in the Antarctic. This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the intelligent robot technology developed abroad and used in the Antarctic, then focuses on the ice-snow surface mobile and the low-flying robots developed by China as well as their field trials in the Antarctic. Moreover, the authors have considered the potential demand for the intelligent robot technology in China's Antarctic scientific expedition, in the hope of providing some reference for the future development of robot technologies.     

南极遥感动态监测影像处理关键技术分析

从多源多时相遥感数据用于南极动态监测的影像获取与处理关键技术人手,针对南极过轨的卫星情况,分析了可获取的卫星影像的种类;研究分析南极在控制点缺乏以及控制点布设困难的情况下,采用无控制及稀少控制的几何纠正方法;研究分析南极遥感影像中高分辨率遥感数据光谱的使用及融合方法,为实现南极冰雪环境的动态监测提供了技术基础性分析.