Studying the influence of nano-Al2O3 particles on the corrosion performance and hydrolytic degradation resistance of an epoxy/polyamide coating on AA-1050

The aim of this work was studying the effects of addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the anticorrosion performance of an epoxy/polyamide coating applied on the AA-1050 metal substrate. For this purpose, the epoxy nanocomposites were prepared using 1, 2.5 and 3.5 (w/w) pre-dispersed surface modified Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. Field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) techniques were utilized in order to evaluate the nanoparticles dispersion in the epoxy coating matrix. The anticorrosion performance of the nanocomposites was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 135 days immersion) and salt spray test for 1000 h. The coating resistance against hydrolytic degradation was also studied by optical microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results obtained from FE-SEM micrographs and UV–visible spectra showed that the nanoparticles dispersed in the coating matrix uniformly with particle size less than 100 nm even at high loadings. Results revealed that nano-Al₂O₃ particles could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating. Nanoparticles reduced water permeability of the coating and improved its resistance against hydrolytic degradation.     

The use of nanoclay in preparation of epoxy anticorrosive coatings

Epoxy/clay nanocomposites (NC) have become a very interesting topic among researchers in the past two decades because nanoclays have a positive effect on the mechanical, thermal and especially barrier and anticorrosive performances of the polymers. In this study epoxy NCs and NC-based epoxy coatings were prepared by the solution intercalation method using Cloisite 30B as nanoclay. WAXD and SEM analyses revealed that a mainly exfoliated structure was obtained in epoxy NC with 1 wt% clay content, while higher clay loadings reduced the number of exfoliated clay nanolayers and produced a mainly intercalated structure. EIS, TGA and DMA analyses showed that epoxy NCs with clay content below 5 wt% exhibited increased corrosion stability, thermal stability, glass transition temperature (T_g) and storage modulus (G′), in both glassy and rubbery states due to the nanoscale dispersion of Cloisite 30B and the barrier effect of individual nanolayers. Enhanced mechanical properties were also noticed at higher clay loadings, but the rate of improvement was lower. The highest extent of exfoliation and the most homogeneous macromolecular network was found for NC with 1 wt% of clay, leading to the highest improvement of thermal and anticorrosive properties. The salt spray test results showed that anticorrosive properties of epoxy coatings in the presence of 3 wt% and especially 1 wt% of Cloisite 30B were significantly better, thus indicating that nanoclay efficiently modifies the commercial epoxy coatings.     

Studying the effects of micro and nano sized ZnO particles on the corrosion resistance and deterioration behavior of an epoxy-polyamide coating on hot-dip galvanized steel

The effects of micro and nano sized ZnO particles on the corrosion resistance and hydrolytic degradation of an epoxy coating were studied. Different analytical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMTA) and nano-indentation were utilized to evaluate the hydrolytic degradation as well as the corrosion resistance of the coatings in exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. It was found that the epoxy coating resistance against corrosive electrolyte was significantly improved using nano and micro sized ZnO particles. The corrosion resistance of the nanocomposite was considerably greater than the one reinforced with the micro-ZnO particles. Moreover, the resistance of the coating reinforced with the nano sized particles against hydrolytic degradation in exposure to the corrosive electrolyte was considerably greater than the one reinforced with the micro sized particles. Decrease in both nano hardness and cross-linking density of the epoxy coating reinforced with nanoparticles after exposure to the corrosive electrolyte were considerably lower than the blank sample and the sample reinforced with the micro sized ZnO particles. Using nano sized particles the coating adhesion loss decreased.     

SiAlON nanoparticles effect on the corrosion and chemical resistance of epoxy coating

Effect of incorporating SiAlON nanoparticles at different loading levels (0?C12?wt%) on chemical resistance of epoxy coating was investigated by immersion in basic (Na₂CO₃, pH?=?11) and salty (NaCl 3.5?wt%) (environments at 85?°C for 60?days. Epoxy resin chemical resistant coating grade based on bisphenol A was used with polyamine hardener as a curing agent. In these testes, surface morphology changes of the samples were studied and compared owing to initiation and propagation of cracks. Results indicate an enhancement in the epoxy nanocomposite chemical resistance due to the addition of small fraction of SiAlON nanoparticles. Samples containing 3 and 5?wt% of SiAlON nanopowders were considered as optimum samples compared to all the other samples, because they showed more resistances to initiation and propagation of cracks and lower permeability in chemical environment in comparison with neat resin and other samples. Also, epoxy coatings containing SiAlON nanoparticles were successfully coated on steel substrates and corrosion electrochemical behavior of these nanocomposite coatings were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical monitoring of the coated steel over 35?days of immersion in 3.5?wt% NaCl solution at room temperature suggested the positive role of nanoparticles in improving the corrosion resistance of the coated steel.     

Synthesis and properties of waterborne epoxy acrylate nanocomposite coating modified by MAP-POSS

In this paper, waterborne epoxy acrylate (EA) coating modified with methylacryloylpropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (MAP-POSS) was prepared. The cure kinetics of the coating was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing process, thermal and mechanical properties of the coating were investigated by FTIR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These results show that the non-isothermal curing process can be described by Kissinger method and a two-parameter autocatalytic Šesták–Berggren (S–B) model. The kinetic equations of curing reaction were obtained. The UV-curing property of MAP-POSS/EA nanocomposite coating is better than that of pure epoxy acrylate system. The glass transition temperature (T_g) increases with increasing MAP-POSS content. When MAP-POSS content is 12 wt%, the T_g reaches the maximum 54.3 °C which is 9.5 °C higher than that of pure epoxy acrylate.     

Enhancement of Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Coatings by Chemical Modification With GPTMS Silane Monomer

In this paper, commercial epoxy resin was chemically modified by different amounts of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) monomer using an organotin compound as catalyst, aiming to improve the anti-corrosion performance of epoxy coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy substrate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the barrier properties against water permeation and protectiveness of silane-modified epoxy coatings. The results showed that all the modified coatings presented higher barrier performance and better corrosion performance than pure epoxy coating, which were characterized by higher charge transfer resistance (R _ct) and lower double-layer capacitance (C _dl) at the electrolyte/metal interface. The improvements in corrosion performance and wet adhesion of modified epoxy coatings were also observed by the Machu test and boiling water test, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that the glass-transition temperature (T _g) of silane-modified epoxy coatings decreased only slightly during immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, in contrast with pure epoxy coating, which was observed to decrease significantly after water permeation. The corrosion performance of epoxy coatings was, thus, improved when the amount of chemically grafted silane monomer increased in the content range investigated in the present work.     

Investigation of accelerated aging behaviour of high performance industrial coatings by dynamic mechanical analysis

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) represents one of the most important methods for understanding mechanical behaviour of surface coatings providing a valuable link between chemistry, morphology, and performance properties. In this work, dynamic mechanical properties of several high performance industrial coatings were studied extensively. Four commercially available topcoats namely alkyd modified polyurethane (PU), economy aliphatic PU, high performance aliphatic PU and epoxy modified polysiloxane were selected based on their cure chemistries, volume solids, and overall performance. DMA was used to determine elastic modulus, glass transition temperature (T_g), crosslink density and creep behaviour of these coatings. DMA data were substantiated with mechanical and performance properties. Among the coatings, epoxy modified polysiloxane showed the highest T_g of 65.6 °C as well as crosslink density value of 2.24 × 10⁻³ mol/cc which was attributed to its superior mechanical and performance properties. In addition, topcoats were also subjected to artificial aging process in accelerated cyclic corrosion cabinet and QUV-weatherometer, respectively. The consequent changes in their physico-mechanical properties post exposure were also evaluated using DMA and correlated with other performance properties. After aging, the T_g increased substantially for all the coatings irrespective of their exposure type. For example, T_g of economy aliphatic PU increases from 38.4 °C to 52.9 °C and 51 °C after cyclic corrosion and UV-B weathering, respectively. However, crosslink densities either increased or decreased depending on the type of exposure and cure chemistries. These changes were corroborated using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy findings. The outcome of this study is expected to generate new insights into the behaviour of these coatings under dynamic mechanical stress and its relation with long term performance properties.     

Epoxy nanocomposites with octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

The POSS-containing nanocomposites of epoxy resin were prepared via the co-curing reaction between octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OpePOSS) and the precursors of epoxy resin. The curing reactions were started from the initially homogeneous ternary solution of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and OpePOSS. The nanocomposites containing up to 40 wt% of POSS were obtained. The homogeneous dispersion of POSS cages in the epoxy matrices was evidenced by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that at the lower POSS concentrations (<30 wt%) the glass transition temperatures (T_gs) of the nanocomposites almost remained invariant whereas the nanocomposites containing POSS more than 40 wt% displayed the lower T_gs than the control epoxy. The DMA results show that the moduli of the nanocomposites in glass and rubbery states are significantly higher than those of the control epoxy, indicating the nanoreinforcement effect of POSS cages. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the thermal stability of the polymer matrix was not sacrificed by introducing a small amount of POSS, whereas the properties of oxidation resistance of the materials were significantly enhanced. The improved thermal stability could be ascribed to the nanoscaled dispersion of POSS cages and the formation of tether structure of POSS cages with epoxy matrix.     

Application of EIS and salt spray tests for investigation of the anticorrosion properties of polyurethane-based nanocomposites containing Cr2O3 nanoparticles modified with 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane

The Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles were modified with 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane in order to obtain proper dispersion and increment compatibility with the polyurethane coating matrix. The nanocomposites prepared were applied on the St-37 steel substrates. The existence of 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane on the surface of the nanoparticles was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Dispersion of the surface modified particles in the polyurethane coating matrix was studied by a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray tests were employed in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the polyurethane coatings. Polarization test was done in order to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties of the Cr₂O₃ nanoparticle on the steel surface in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The adhesion strengths of the coatings were evaluated by pull-off adhesion tester before and after 120 days immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. FT-IR and TGA analyses revealed that surface modification of the nanoparticles with 0.43 silane/5 g pigment resulted in the greatest amount of silane grafting on the surface of particles. Results obtained from FE-SEM analysis showed that the surface modified nanoparticles dispersed in the coating matrix properly. Results obtained from EIS and salt spray analyses revealed that the surface modified particles enhanced the corrosion protection performance of the polyurethane coating considerably. The improvement was more pronounced for the coating reinforced with 0.43 g silane/5 g pigment. Moreover, the adhesion loss decreased in the presence of surface modified nanoparticles with 0.43 silane/5 g pigment.     

Investigation of corrosion protection properties of an epoxy nanocomposite loaded with polysiloxane surface modified nanosilica particles on the steel substrate

In this study, it has been aimed to investigate the corrosion protection properties of an epoxy/polyamide coating loaded with different concentrations (ranged from 3 to 6% (w/w)) of the polysiloxane surface modified silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO₂). The nanocomposites were applied on the steel substrates. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and UV–vis techniques were utilized in order to investigate the nanoparticles dispersion in the coating matrix. The effects of addition of nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of the coating were studied by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray test. The coating surface degradation was studied by optical microscope and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results obtained from UV–vis and FE-SEM analyses revealed proper and uniform distribution of surface modified nanoparticles in the epoxy coating matrix. It was shown that the coating corrosion protection properties were significantly enhanced in the presence of 5 wt% silica nanoparticles. Less degradation occurred on the surface of the coatings loaded with 5 wt% nanoparticles.     

Catalyzed crosslinking of highly functional biobased epoxy resins

Crosslinking reactions involving epoxy homopolymerization of 100% biobased epoxidized sucrose esters (ESEs) were studied and the resulting coatings properties were compared against epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and petrochemical-based soybean fatty acid ester resins. The low viscosity of ESE resins allowed for formulations to be developed with minimal volatile organic content. ESEs were found to have superior coatings properties, compared to ESO and the petrochemical-based soybean esters, attributable to a higher glass transition temperature (T _g) and a higher modulus. The rigid sucrose core on ESEs provided an increase in coating performance when compared to coatings from epoxidized resins synthesized with tripentaeryithritol as a core. The degree of conversion and optimization of the curing conditions were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal analysis of cured coatings was performed using DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to further enhance the coatings properties, small amounts of bisphenol A epoxy resin were added which resulted in higher moduli and T _gs.     

Effect of surface microstructure on the hydrophobicity of coatings

In this paper, coatings adopted SiO₂ nanoparticles ranging from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were in situ polymerized with low surface energy polymer, and different surface microstructures were built automatically during painting film. Copper microstructure surface was also achieved by chemical etching method and then was modified by low surface energy resin as contrast. The contact angle and the peel strength between the coating and bio-gooey simulacrum were studied. The results showed that the hydrophobicity of the coating was remarkably affected by the surface microstructure. The coating containing 5 wt% SiO₂ nanoparticles was covered with micro- and nano-scale salience and holes, and had the maximum contact angle and the minimum peel strength. Copper slices presented uniform micron and sub-micron structure surface when etching for 15 min and the contact angle reached a maximum of 125° after being modified.     

Effect of addition of nanosized UV absorbers on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of an exterior waterborne stain for wood

This study describes the effects of the addition of inorganic nanosized UV absorbers on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of an exterior commercial acrylic-based waterborne stain for wood. Electronic microscopy and water vapor (WV) permeability measurements were performed to characterize the free films of the acrylic stain and resulting nanocomposite coatings. An accelerated weathering method was used to evaluate aging behavior of the coatings on wood through appearance, T_g, abrasion resistance, adhesion strength, hardness and Young's modulus changes. In addition to improving the protection against UV, the doped TiO₂ and silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles in powder form have improved the abrasion resistance and barrier effect against water vapor diffusion of the acrylic stain. For most of nanocomposite coatings, the addition of ZnO hydrophilic nanoparticles in predispersed form has resulted in a decrease in WV permeability, while the adhesion strength and abrasion resistance of those coatings were negatively affected. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles has decreased the T_g of the acrylic stain. Finally, the accelerated weathering has induced an increase in T_g, hardness, Young's modulus (stiffness) and an increase in apparent adhesion strength and abrasion resistance of the coatings. The T_g values of the aged nanocomposite coatings were lower than that of unmodified acrylic stain.     

Formation of retinyl palmitate-loaded poly(l-lactide) nanoparticles using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions into liquid solvents (RESOLV)

Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanoparticles loaded with retinyl palmitate (RP) were successfully prepared by rapid expansion of a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) solution into an aqueous receiving solution containing a stabilizing agent (RESOLV). Three stabilizing agents, Pluronic F127, Pluronic F68, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been employed and the Pluronic F127 was found to be more effective for stabilizing PLLA/RP nanoparticles than Pluronic F68 and SDS, as RESOLV into a 0.1 wt% Pluronic F127 solution produced a stable nanosuspension consisting mainly of well-dispersed, individual nanoparticles. The effect of rapid expansion processing conditions (i.e., degree of saturation (S), pre-expansion temperature (T_pre), and concentrations of PLLA and RP (C_PLLA, C_RP)) on the particle size, form, and RP loading was systematically investigated. It was found that spherical PLLA/RP nanoparticles with an average size range of ∼40-110 nm and RP loadings of 0.9-6.2 wt% were consistently produced by RESOLV. The size of PLLA/RP nanoparticles increased from ∼30-80 to ∼30-160 nm as the solution degree of saturation changed from S < 1 to S > 1, independent of T_pre, C_PLLA, and C_RP. The entrapment capacity of RP in PLLA nanoparticles was predominantly determined by T_pre and C_RP. Increasing the T_pre from 70 to 100 °C and the C_RP from 0.05 to 0.15 wt% increased the encapsulated RP content at least twofold. Our results show that the technique with benign supercritical CO₂ should be generally applicable to nanoparticle fabrications of other important active ingredients, especially in liquid form, in polymeric nanoparticles.     

Epoxy-Graphene UV-cured nanocomposites

This work presents the preparation of functionalized graphene sheets (FGS)/epoxy coatings cured by cationic photopolymerization with enhanced mechanical properties. The kinetics of the photopolymerization process for formulations up to 1.5 wt% of graphene were evaluated by means of Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy. The reinforcement of the cured coatings by the graphene was studied by measuring the dynamic-mechanical properties and the surface hardness. An increase of almost 40 °C in the T_g was obtained by adding 1.5 wt% of graphene to the epoxy matrix. A good dispersion state and interaction of the graphene with the matrix were observed by TEM and FESEM analyses.     

Microstructure and performance of block copolymer modified epoxy coatings

The effects of two diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP–PEO) and poly(1,2-butadiene)-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PB–P2VP) on the mechanical properties of epoxy coatings were studied. Both modifiers self-assembled into spherical micelles of 10–20 nm diameter in cured bulk epoxy. This morphology was preserved in 15 μm thick coatings; however, micelle segregation to the coating/substrate interface was also observed. The critical strain energy release rate, G_1c, of bulk thermosets was enhanced by up to fivefold with the addition of block copolymers. Likewise, the abrasive wear resistance of thin coatings increased with modifier inclusion. The results showed that at 5 wt.% of loading, block copolymers were able to impart a 40% increase in abrasive wear resistance to modified coatings over neat ones. Block copolymer modifiers did not sacrifice the modulus and glass transition temperature of bulk thermosets and coatings, or the hardness and transparency of coatings.     

Miscibility and hydrolytic degradation in alkaline solution of poly(l-lactide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) was melt blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using a two-roll mill. The miscibility and hydrolytic degradation of the blend films were characterized. It was found that PLLA/PMMA blend has high miscibility in the amorphous state because only single T_g was observed in the DSC and DMA measurements. In alkaline solution, the hydrolytic degradation rate of the blends whose PMMA content is higher than 30 wt% was decelerated while the rate of the blends whose PMMA content is lower than 30 wt% was accelerated. That is, the hydrolytic degradation rate of the blends could be widely controlled by PMMA content in the blend. It was also found that only PLLA was hydrolyzed and eluted into alkaline solution, while PMMA remained during alkaline hydrolysis.     

Electrochemical impedance studies of modified Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P deposits in alkaline medium

Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P deposits were supported over the commercial carbon using the electroless plating technique. The formed samples were characterized by applying SEM, XRD and EDX analyses. An amorphous Ni-P surface was obtained with 73.70 wt% Ni and 11.45 wt% P. The addition of copper to the plating bath reduces the deposited amount of nickel and phosphorus. The electrochemical performance of these deposits has been investigated in 0.1 M KOH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The effect of pH, deposition time and temperature of the plating bath on the impedance characteristics of the two deposits was studied. It was found that the resistance (R_T) and relative thickness (1/C_T) of the two coatings in 0.1 M KOH solution increase with increasing either pH or deposition time or temperature of the plating bath. Our results indicate that Ni-Cu-P deposit has more corrosion resistance and lower corrosion current density (i_corr) value than Ni-P deposit under different conditions. EIS results were well confirmed by potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic voltammetry techniques.     

A new extra situ sol–gel route to silica/epoxy (DGEBA) nanocomposite. A DTA study of imidazole cure kinetic

Silica nanoparticles were obtained through the Stöber method, from mixtures of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). The nanoparticles were dispersed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and coupled to bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) through surface amino groups. After removing THF non-isothermal cure was performed at different heating rates (2–20°C/min), using imidazole (2–4 wt%) as curing agent. For the sake of comparison bare DGEBA epoxy polymers were also prepared with similar schedule A nanocomposite of well-dispersed silica nanoparticles (5 wt%) in a fully cured epoxy matrix was easily obtained. Lower cure kinetics were observed with silica addition. This was attributed to reduction of the imidazole volume concentration. Cure activation energy was not influenced by silica presence, whereas it changed with the imidazole content. Therefore, experimental results suggested that silica had only an indirect effect (the reduction of the imidazole molar concentration) on the epoxy matrix cure kinetics. Glass transformation temperatures, T _g, as high as 175°C were recorded. The nanocomposite glass transformation temperature depended on the heating rate of the cure process, the imidazole and silica content. T _g changes as high as 40°C were detected as a function of the heating rate. At higher imidazole content no differences in T _g values between bare polymer and the nanocomposite were observed. This suggests that a higher imidazole content assures a better interconnection between the compatibilizing epoxy shell around the nanoparticles and the epoxy matrix. The new proposed methodology is an easy route to engineer both nanocomposites structure and interfacial interactions, thus tailoring their properties.     

Effect of ceria and zirconia nanoparticles on corrosion protection and viscoelastic behavior of hybrid coatings

Organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite coatings contain inorganic particles that are dispersed in organic phase in nanometric dimensions. Ceria and zirconia colloidal dispersions are uniformly distributed in the epoxy silica-based hybrid nanocomposite by sol–gel method and coated on 1050 aluminum alloy substrate with spin-coating technique. The hybrid sol is prepared by organic–inorganic precursors formed by hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in acidic solution using bisphenol A as networking agent and 1-methylimidazole as initiator in the presence of various ratios of ZrO₂ and CeO₂ colloidal nanoparticles. Particle size distribution, surface morphology and inorganic components distribution were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDXA techniques. SEM and Si, Zr, Ce mapping micrographs proved the uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the coatings. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the nanoparticles dimension stay at the nanoscale level. The glass transition temperature (T _g) and loss properties (damping) of coatings were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The corrosion protection of the coatings on the 1050 AA substrate was studied by potentiodynamic measurements. The results indicated that by introducing ceria nanoparticles in 1:1 molar ratio to TEOS in coating composition, corrosion protection was improved. However, the simultaneous presence of two nanoparticles (i.e., ceria and zirconia in 1:1 molar ratio) in the coating compositions increased the corrosion protection efficiency up to 99.8 %. The multiple glass transitions and shifting to higher and wide range of temperatures by adding ceria and zirconia nanoparticles indicated a better network interaction between inorganic nanoparticles and organic molecular chains which also led to better corrosion protection of the coating in this composition.