Application of Weights of Evidence to Mineral Potential Mapping of Yujiacun Ore Field in Northwest Yunnan Province, China

The multivariate information conprehensive processing technique is especially important at present to the digital mineral prospecting. However, the GIS-based weights of evidence have provided us with powerful tool for the quantitative assessment of mineral resource potential. In this paper, the mineralization model is established, based on the achievements made by previous researchers, to mend such deficiencies ad few references on ore fields in Yujiacun, Yunnan Province and the shortage of quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources. In addition, the weights of evidence are used to make a systematic quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources there, so that 2 mineral prospecting target areas of grade Ⅰ and 8 mineral prospecting target areas of grade Ⅱ are delineated, providing the further mineral resource exploration with the basis for the selection of mineral deposits.     

GIS Predictive Model for Producing Hydrothermal Gold Potential Map Using Weights of Evidence Approach in Gengma Region, Sanjiang District, China

Gengma region, Sanjiang district is known to have some large-scale gold deposits. GIS predictive model for hydroghermal gold potential was carried out in this region using weights of evidence modeling technique. Datasets used include large-scale hydroghermal gold deposit records, geological, geophysical and remote sensing imagery. Based on the geological and mineral characteristics of areas with known gold occurrences in Sanjiang, several geological features were thought to be indicative of areas with potential for the occurrence of hydroghtermal gold deposits. Indicative features were extracted from geoexploration datasets for use as input in the predictive model. The features include host rock lithology, geologic structures, wallrock alteration and associated (volcanic-plutonic) igneous rocks. To determine which of the indicative geological features are important spatial predictors of area with potential for gold deposits, spatial analysis was done through the modeling method. The input maps were buffered and the optimum distance of spatial association for each geological feature was determined by calculating the contrast and studentized contrast. Five feature maps were converted to binary predictor patterns and used as evidential layers for predictive modeling. The binary patterns were integrated in two combinations, each of which consists of four patterns in order to avoid over prediction due to the effect of duplicate features in the two structural evidences. The two produced potential maps define almost similar favorable zones. Areas of intersections between these zones in the two potential maps placed the highest predictive favorable zones in the region.     

GIS矿产资源预测中的证据权重法

地理信息系统(GIS)技术的应用已成为提高矿产资源预测水平的重要途径。矿产资源预测的方法很多，证据权重法是其中的一种重要方法，它是基于二值图象的地学统计方法。基于GIS的证据权重法矿产资源预测是通过对与矿产资源相关的地学信息的叠加分析进行预测，其中每一种地学信息都作为预测的一个证据因子，而每一个证据因子对矿产资源预测的贡献由其权重值确定。基于GIS的证据权重法矿产资源预测的优点是数据驱动、易于编程实现，在金矿资源预测中已有很多成功的应用。     

模糊证据权方法在镇沅(老王寨)地区金矿资源评价中的应用

采用模糊证据权方法和GeoDASGIS技术开展了镇沅(老王寨)及其邻区的金矿资源潜力评价.分别采用GeoDASGIS软件提供的局部奇异性分析技术、S-A异常分解技术、主成分分析技术、证据权、模糊证据权等技术对相关地球化学元素进行了系统的处理和分析.应用主成分分析方法确定了可能的2种不同成矿类型,并采用主成分得分确定了组合异常点,在此基础上分别采用普通证据权和模糊证据权方法编制了成矿后验概率图,圈定了有利成矿地段.对比普通证据权方法与模糊证据权方法所得结果表明,模糊证据权方法可减小图层离散化造成的有用信息损失,提高预测结果精度.     

Use of Geomorphological Information in Indirect Landslide Susceptibility Assessment

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance of geomorphological expert knowledge in the generation of landslide susceptibility maps, using GIS supported indirect bivariate statistical analysis. For a test area in the Alpago region in Italy a dataset was generated at scale 1:5,000. Detailed geomorphological maps were generated, with legends at different levels of complexity. Other factor maps, that were considered relevant for the assessment of landslide susceptibility, were also collected, such as lithology, structural geology, surficial materials, slope classes, land use, distance from streams, roads and houses. The weights of evidence method was used to generate statistically derived weights for all classes of the factor maps. On the basis of these weights, the most relevant maps were selected for the combination into landslide susceptibility maps. Six different combinations of factor maps were evaluated, with varying geomorphological input. Success rates were used to classify the weight maps into three qualitative landslide susceptibility classes. The resulting six maps were compared with a direct susceptibility map, which was made by direct assignment of susceptibility classes in the field. The analysis indicated that the use of detailed geomorphological information in the bivariate statistical analysis raised the overall accuracy of the final susceptibility map considerably. However, even with the use of a detailed geomorphological factor map, the difference with the separately prepared direct susceptibility map is still significant, due to the generalisations that are inherent to the bivariate statistical analysis technique.     

内蒙古新达来草原覆盖区钼铜多金属成矿预测

内蒙古新达来草原覆盖区位于西伯利亚板块东南大陆边缘晚古生代陆缘增生带,属古亚洲成矿域的二连—东乌旗铜钼铁晚古生代—中生代成矿带的一部分,找矿潜力巨大。该区被牧草和第四系大面积覆盖,基岩出露较差,找矿工作相对滞后。通过研究该地区区域成矿地质背景和典型矿床地质特征,分析控矿因素与找矿标志,构建综合信息预测模型,提取地质、地球化学、地球物理、遥感等找矿信息,借助GIS技术进行覆盖层“揭盖”和对找矿信息进行提取,以GeoDAS 矿产预测软件为平台,运用多重分形滤波技术区分复杂背景与异常,提取矿化弱异常,应用模糊证据权法进行信息综合集成,形成预测后验概率图,圈定找矿远景区并进行验证,探索内蒙古草原覆盖区内生金属矿床勘查与预测评价新途径。     

虚拟现实和G IS系统集成方法分析

从三个角度论述虚拟现实(V irtua l R ea lity,VR)和地理信息系统(G IS)集成的必要性,通过对集成方法的归纳,提出4种集成方式,并详细介绍了各自的结构体系和具体特征。在此基础上划分了VR与G IS系统集成的4个阶段,分析当前系统集成现状,指出其发展趋势。同时探讨了VR和G IS系统集成中存在的关键问题,包括数据、虚拟景观技术、VRG IS网络化等,给出目前解决这些问题的一些建议和具体途径。     

基于模糊预测对象的证据权方法及其在土地沙漠化评价中的应用

为了使在地理信息系统中被广泛用于点事件预测的证据权方法能对面事件进行评价和预测, 提出了一种新的基于模糊训练层的证据权方法.它是一种更广泛的证据权方法, 与普通证据权方法所不同的是, 它的训练层是模糊集合, 其取值是它的隶属度.通过适当的变换也可以把点训练层转换为模糊集合.因此, 该方法可以对面事件、点事件和线事件进行评价和预测.该方法可以处理训练层和证据层均为模糊集合的情况, 被称为双重模糊证据权方法.作为该方法的一个应用实例, 本文介绍毛乌素沙漠边缘的晋陕蒙地区土地沙漠化评价的应用实例.      

基于证据权法的伊尔岗地块金矿成矿预测

在分析澳大利亚伊尔岗地块金矿床成矿特征的基础上,建立了区域金矿找矿模型,提取各类找矿信息,在GIS中构成了与成矿有关的容矿岩石、构造、岩浆岩、物探、化探异常等6个证据图层。用证据权法统计综合证据图层生成研究区成矿后验概率图。按照后验概率的相对大小划分出3级成矿远景区,共圈定3个I级成矿远景区,为澳大利亚的金矿预测提供了有效方法。     

Porphyry copper potential mapping using the weights of evidence model in a GIS,northern Shahr e Babak,Iran

A variety of spatial geological data were compiled, evaluated and integrated to produce a potential map for porphyry copper deposits in the northern Shahr e Babak, Iran, within a total area of approximately 408 km². Remotely sensed data including LANDSAT Thematic Mapper were used to create the hydrothermal alteration haloes around intrusive bodies. Geological data, such as exposed granitic to intermediate intrusions, and part of the lineaments were extracted from available geological maps. Aeromagnetic data were also used to extract magnetic anomalies and extra lineaments. The Conditional Independence test was carried out on five binary maps representing diagnostic deposit recognition criteria, and four of them were then integrated using a weights of evidence model. The procedure generated a posterior probability map identifying favourable areas for porphyry copper deposits. The final map highlights the most important known copper deposits in high favourability domains. Some new target areas are also located in the favourability map and warrant further investigation.     

GIS矿产资源评价中统一使用连续数据和离散数据的扩展证据权模型

证据权模型通常使用二值数据,在把连续数据转化成二值数据时会损失有用信息.从贝叶斯原理角度提出了GIS矿产资源评价中统一使用连续和离散数据证据权法扩展模型的原理和方法,指出证据权模型中的证据权应为证据权函数,矿产资源评价中离散数据证据权函数为证据因子各可能取值的有矿和无矿条件概率比值对数,连续数据证据权函数为证据因子有矿和无矿条件概率密度函数比值对数.提出了用非参数估计条件概率密度函数和证据权函数方法,以及计算函数表和插值法简化运算的方法.以GIS云南铅锌矿产资源潜力评价为例进行了应用,并得到了较为理想的结果.     

基于专家证据权重法的成矿远景区划与评价--以东昆仑地区金矿为例

在介绍专家证据权重法的基础上,将东昆仑地区的基础地质、区域成矿规律及典型矿床研究等方面取得的认识(知识系统)与证据权重法结合,提出并建立了一个基于专家证据权重法的矿产资源定量预测评价系统,该系统在根据知识系统对各证据因子赋权重的过程中体现了地质专家的思想.应用专家证据权重法对东昆仑地区金矿的成矿概率进行了定量计算,并进行了金矿成矿远景区划.研究结果表明远景区内预测含矿单元的后验概率二重积分的大小可代表远景区的总体成矿潜力,据此将各远景区进行分级排队,由高到低划分为A、B、C 3级.     

地理信息和网络技术一体化的地质勘探数据管理模式

传统的地质勘探数据管理模式制约着数据应用的便捷性和数据的共享范围，随着计算技术的发展，地理信息和网络技术的一体化为地质勘探数据的管理和共享提供了技术支持。以伊敏矿区电子版地质报告数据管理系统为例，应用地理信息技术的关系数据与图形数据统一管理模式，结合网络技术的数据传输与存储平台，建立了基于网络信息服务的地质勘探数据管理系统，可以充分挖掘地质勘探数据应用的深度和广度，同时便于地质勘探数据分发共享。     

内蒙古白云鄂博群金矿综合地质信息预测

白云鄂博群是内蒙古中西部稀土、铁、金等矿产的重要含矿层位,具有良好的成矿条件,在该层位发现铌、钽、铀、钍、钨、钼、锑、银、铜、铅、锌、锰等金属矿产30多种。在综合研究内蒙古白云鄂博地区地物化遥及其解译资料的基础上,提取了与金成矿密切相关的异常要素,建立了白云鄂博地区白云鄂博群层控型金矿矿床模型。在此基础上,利用基于GIS平台的证据权重法和矿床模型综合地质信息体积法对研究区进行了金矿的定位与定量预测,优选出57个最小预测区,预测资源量402 834kg。     

基于GIS模型库集成的土地利用变化预测系统

根据当前土地利用变化分析及预测研究现状,提出了以焦作市高新区1990~2005年土地利用空间数据资料为试验数据,对系统图形与属性数据建库、模型库及其同G IS的集成土地利用变化预测系统并且进行了初步设计及实现。利用VC 和MapObjects编程实现地图查询与分析、指标测算、模型构建及检验等功能,为用地变化预测及研究者们实现预测模型的构建、属性数据的统计运算、图形数据的处理提供功能集成的应用型G IS平台,该系统也为合理利用土地提供更为科学和准确的决策。     

基于GIS的校园信息系统设计与实现

电子地图的出现与发展以及地理信息系统在各个领域的广泛应用,带动了“数字校园”、“数字城市”,乃至“数字地球”的产生。“数字校园”是各个大学期望建立的校务处理和辅助决策平台。传统校园管理信息系统的空间数据和属性数据缺乏紧密联系和统一管理,不能满足学校信息化建设和管理的需要,因而以GIS为技术平台的校园信息系统便应适而生。从系统的开发思路、功能模块的设计等方面介绍了该系统的设计与实现流程,并重点介绍了系统设计和开发过程中的重点和难点。     

地质调查信息网格GIS平台山东结点建设探讨

地质调查信息网格平台是基于网格GIS技术,空间数据库具有开放性、集成性,可以对地质调查信息化成果进行多样式、海量数据的组织集成与分布、网络共享服务。结点是平台系统中实现数据资源无缝集成与共享的中间件,是其核心部分。该文叙述地质调查信息网格平台山东结点建设中应用的技术方法。     

地质实验测试异常信息提取与集成

结合具体实例探讨了地质实验测试过程中的有效信息和异常信息及异常信息提取的相关问题,阐述了地质实验测试异常信息的集成应用在地质科学研究、地质勘查和地质实验测试中的意外作用。意在强调地质实验测试技术人员应充分重视异常信息的发现、提取和集成,加强学科间的交叉与合作,推动地质实验测试水平的提高。     

Application of GIS in Mineral Resource Prediction of Synthetic Information

This paper introduces the fommtion mechanism and synthetic information prediction of large and superlarge deposits in Shandong Province by analyzing and studying on the GIS platform.The authors established a prospecting model of synthetic information from large and superlarge gold deposit concentration region, and the multi-source spatial database from concentration region of deposits and anomalies. On the basis of the spatial database, a target map layer, a model map layer and a predictive map layer were set up. Based on these map layers, geological variables of the model unit and predictive unit were extracted, then launched location and quantitative prediction of the gold deposit concentration region. The achievement of predicting large and superlarge deposits by the GIS platform has enabled the authors to design automation (or semi-automatic) interpretation subsystems, namely geophysics, geo-chemistry, geologic prospecting and comprehensive prognosis, and a set of the applicable GIS sofeware for mineral resmwcm prognosis of synthetic infornmtion.