纳米压印技术

传统光学光刻技术的高成本促使科学家去开发新的非光学方法,以取代集成电路工厂目前所用的工艺.另外,微机电系统(MEMS)的成功启发科学家借用MEMS中的相关技术,将其使用到纳米科技中去,这是得到纳米结构的一种有效途经.纳米压印在过去的几年里受到了高度重视,因为它成功地证明了它有成本低、分辨率高的潜力.纳米压印技术主要包括热压印、紫外压印(含步进-闪光压印)和微接触印刷等.本文详细讨论纳米压印材料的制备及常用的三种工艺的工艺步骤和它们各自的优缺点.并对这三种工艺进行了比较.最后列举了一些典型应用,如微镜、金属氧化物半导体场效应管、光栅等.     

基于MEMS技术的自呼吸式微型直接甲醇燃料电池

报道了一种利用MEMS技术制作的微型直接甲醇燃料电池.其特点在于,利用KOH体硅腐蚀和双面光刻工艺制作了一种独特的三维自吸氧阴极结构.分析了MEMS制作工艺的改进.实验结果表明,该电池室温下产生了2.52mW/cm2的最大功率.此性能好于国外报道的同类基于MEMS技术制作的被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池,并同本课题组之前报道的需使用外部泵的主动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池性能相当,证明了文中提出的新结构的可行性.     

集成电路和微电子机械系统加工过程中的光刻工艺模拟

基于3D元胞自动机方法实现了影像成形、曝光、后烘和光刻胶刻蚀过程等集成电路和微电子机械系统加工过程中的光刻过程模拟模块的集成.模拟结果与已有实验结果一致,表明基于3D元胞自动机方法的后烘和光刻胶刻蚀模拟模块的有效性,这对于实现集成电路和微电子机械系统的器件级的工艺模拟具有一定的实用性.     

Photolithography Process Simulation for Integrated Circuitsand Microelectromechanical System Fabrication

基于3D元胞自动机方法实现了影像成形、曝光、后烘和光刻胶刻蚀过程等集成电路和微电子机械系统加工过程中的光刻过程模拟模块的集成. 模拟结果与已有实验结果一致，表明基于3D元胞自动机方法的后烘和光刻胶刻蚀模拟模块的有效性，这对于实现集成电路和微电子机械系统的器件级的工艺模拟具有一定的实用性.     

High volume nanoimprint lithography on III/V substrates: Imprint fidelity and stamp lifetime

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has developed from an emerging nanoreplication technology into a mature and industrially viable manufacturing technology. It is now by far the fastest and most cost-efficient nanoreplication method available. This technology has been successfully implemented in the manufacturing of High Brightness LED’s. However, manufacturing of HBLED’s in high volume using nanoimprint lithography faces a few particular challenges. Perhaps the most significant is to produce perfectly imprinted nanostructures on the epitaxially grown substrates with high quality and yield. This is especially important since the substrates are expensive and since the imprint step is close to the end of the production process. This means that the value of the processed substrates is very high. In this work, 8000 imprints were produced. Measured data from the imprinted substrates shows consistent results. It is also shown that the 8000 imprints have been performed using the same stamp without significant degradation. After 8000 imprints, the yield from the nanoimprint lithography step is 99.15%.     

新型悬空结构射频微电感的制作与测试

利用MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical System:微机电系统)工艺中的牺牲层技术制作了一种新型悬空结构微电感,在此悬空结构中,微电感的线圈制作在与衬底平行的平面上,线圈与衬底之间有立柱支撑;此新型微电感的制作工艺流程简单,与集成电路工艺相兼容,且其高频性能较好。并对此结构微电感的性能进行了测试,测试频率范围在0.05~10 GHz之间,结果表明:当悬空结构微电感的悬空高度为20 靘,工作频率在3~5 GHz范围内时,其电感量达到4 nH,其Q值最大可达到22。     

热压印刻蚀技术

纳米压印刻蚀技术是通过压模的方法实现纳米结构批量复制的。这一技术具有高分辨、高效率和低成本的优点。它与现行的光学刻蚀技术流程相似,具有较好的兼容性与继承性。详细介绍了热压印刻蚀技术的核心工艺步骤:压印模板的制备、热压印胶的选择、压模和撤模、反应离子刻蚀以及热压印过程中的聚合物流动机理,探讨了热压印刻蚀技术中的基础科学问题。还分析了纳米压印刻蚀技术的研究现状,展望了纳米压印刻蚀技术的应用前景。     

纳米器件的一种新制造工艺——纳米压印术

纳米压印术可以用于大批量重复性地制备纳米图形结构。此项技术具有操作简单、分辨率高、重复性好、费时少,成本费用极低等优点。本文介绍了较早出现的软刻印术的两种方法———微接触印刷法和毛细管微模制法。详细讲述了纳米压印术(主要指热压雕版压印法)的各步工序———压模制备、压印过程和图形转移,以及用于压印的设备、纳米图案所达到的精确度等,还简述了纳米压印术的另一方法———步进-闪光压印法。最后,通过范例介绍了纳米压印术在制作电子器件、CD存储器和磁存储器、光电器件和光学器件、生物芯片和微流体器件等方面的应用。     

Negative UV–NIL (NUV–NIL) – A mix-and-match NIL and UV strategy for realisation of nano- and micrometre structures

This paper presents a novel strategy for aligning patterns created with nano-imprint lithography (NIL) and UV lithography, similar to a mix-and-match process, which allows for the fabrication of large and small features in a single layer of resist. The resin used to demonstrate this new imprinting scheme is SU-8, a very widely used negative photoresist. Rapid stamp manufacturing using ma-N 2405 photoresist is also demonstrated. The processing scheme is a promising candidate for patterning of sensors featuring nanometre sized electrodes.     

Comparison of quartz and silicon as a master mold substrate for patterned media UV-NIL replica process

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a promising candidate technology to fabricate patterned media for the next generation hard disk drives (HDD). The requirement of pattern pitch for the HDD or discrete-track recording (DTR) media will be as small as from 40 to 50 nm by 2011 or 2012. However not only to create such fine pitch but also long e-beam writing time such as 1 week with conventional high resolution resist ZEP520A are critical. This paper addresses the fabrication processes to combine silicon substrate and a new chemically amplified resist (CAR) for the master molds of this NIL. The e-beam writing speed with this new CAR was achieved over 3-times faster while 50 nm fine DTR patterns were demonstrated with rotary stage e-beam writer. Furthermore, the replication with J-FIL from the master mold into quartz working mold was also demonstrated.     

纳米压印光刻模版制作技术

在下一代光刻技术中,光刻的成本越来越高,这使得工业界开始寻找新的技术。纳米压印作为非光学的下一代光刻技术,具有分辨率高、成本低、产率高等诸多优点,因而可能应用于将来的半导体制造中。同时,纳米压印也可以用于微机电系统(MEMS)和其他纳米结构的图形复制。纳米压印光刻技术主要包括热压印、紫外固化压印和微接触法压印。介绍了在这3种纳米压印光刻技术中,压印模版制作的制作工艺和模版表面的防粘连处理,并且讨论3种压印方法适用的不同领域。     

Direct sub-100-nm patterning of an organic low-k dielectric for electrical and optical interconnects

Low-k dielectric materials compatible with copper interconnect fabrication processes extending to the sub-50-nm technology nodes are desired for high speed integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. We demonstrate that bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB), an organic low-k dielectric material, can be patterned with sub-100-nm resolution using electron beam lithography, providing new avenues for nanoscale electrical and optical interconnect fabrication.     

圆片级封装的新颖对准技术

对于3D互连、圆片级封装(WLP)和先进的MEMS器件的圆片键合,精密对准是一项关键技术,不同的MEMS,常常包含双面加工处理,而IC和CMOS制造业则只利用单面加工处理步骤,因此,圆片到圆片的对准必须使用设置在键合界面(也就是面对面)中的对准标记。论述了面对面对准方法的主要步骤,最新结果报导,用一种特殊开发的对准系统获得了≤1μm的对准精度。设备主要是为圆片对圆片的对准和键合而设计。     

Lithographyless ion implantation technology for agile fab

A new type of ion implanter developed for an agile fab can eliminate the processes concerned. with photoresist lithography from the ion implantation process. This new ion implantation technology can reduce the raw process time, footprint, and the cost of ownership to less than one-half that of conventional ion implantation technology. The authors are making further developments on this ion implanter and evaluating technical issues related to ion implantation. This technique is suitable for manufacturing submicron node IC devices. Based on the results of evaluating the prototype machine, we will produce the next /spl beta/-machine.     

微电子机械系统的新制造工艺技术

随着微电子机械系统新应用的不断推出,使得特殊制造工艺技术得到空前的发展。在过去的10年里,汽车是微电子机械系统产品商业化的推动力。如今,我们进入了以消费品和信息技术的产品占很高份额的微电子机械系统生产制造的新时代,如微射流器件,微光电子机械系统,射频微电子机械系统,非汽车应用加速度器和陀螺等。阐述用于商业化的如上所述器件的新制造工艺技术,即用全自动轨道传送光刻系统来实现低成本的紫外线光刻工艺,以及用于加速度器和陀螺等消费品的高真空键合制造工艺技术。     

一种采用双面对准的硅LIGA掩模制作研究

深Ｘ射线光刻是制作高深宽比ＭＥＭＳ结构的一个重要的方法。提出一种基于硅工艺和双面对准技术的ＬＩＧＡ掩模技术,工艺十分简单。采用该掩模,可进一步解决深Ｘ射线光刻中的重复对准多次曝光问题,给出了该掩模设计制作工艺过程及深Ｘ射线光刻结果,整个过程包括常常氮化夺、采用Ｋａｒｌ Ｓｕｓｓ双面对准曝光机进行ＵＶ光刻、电化学沉积金吸收体、体硅腐蚀形成支撑等。利用该掩模在北京ＢＥＰＣ的Ｘ射线光刻光束线上进行曝光。     

利用多层光刻胶工艺的准LIGA技术

ＬＩＧＡ技术在微机械结构的制作中具有很重要的作用。针对ＬＩＧＡ技术所存在的缺点,提出了一种利用多层光刻胶工艺的准ＬＩＧＡ技术。利用此技术,可以用普通光学曝光机将光刻图形转移到较厚的光刻胶上,而且深宽比可以做得很大。     

面向Micro-IMU的MEMS三维可折叠系统的设计与研制

提出了一种面向微惯性测量单元(Micro-IMU)应用的微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维可折叠结构,其主要组成部分包括绝缘层上硅(SOI)基底、聚酰亚胺柔性链、金属线以及MEMS多环陀螺仪。文章基于有限元仿真技术,分析了可折叠结构及器件的可行性。基于SOI一体化MEMS技术,将核心传感器的制作工艺与折叠结构工艺相结合,在结构中搭载单轴圆盘多环谐振微陀螺,利用柔性铰链实现结构的三维折叠以及各个传感器之间的电互连,实现单轴惯性传感器的集成,制备出体积为1cm3、质量为250mg的搭载多环谐振微陀螺的三维可折叠系统。     

服务于IC产业的MEMS探卡

圆片级芯片测试在IC制造工艺中已经成为不可或缺的一部分,发挥着重要的作用,而测试探卡在圆片级芯片测试过程中起着关键的信号通路的作用。分析指出由于芯片管脚密度的不断增加以及在高频电路中应用的需要,传统的组装式探卡将不能适应未来的测试要求;和传统探卡的组装方法相比,MEMS技术显然更适应当今的IC技术。综述了针对MEMS探卡不同的应用前景所提出的多种技术方案,特别介绍了传感技术国家重点实验室为满足IC圆片级测试的要求,针对管脚线排布型待测器件的新型过孔互连式悬臂梁芯片和针对管脚面排布型待测器件的Ni探针阵列结构的设计和制造。     

UV enhanced substrate conformal imprint lithography (UV-SCIL) technique for photonic crystals patterning in LED manufacturing

The global LED (light emitting diode) market reached 5 billion dollors in 2008 and will be driven towards 9 billion dollors by 2011 [1]. The current applications are dominated by portable device backlighting, e.g. cell phones, PDAs, GPS, laptop etc. In order to open the general lighting market doors the luminous efficiency needs to be improved significantly. Photonic crystal (PhC) structures in LEDs have been demonstrated to enhance light extraction efficiency on the wafer level by researchers [2]. However, there is still a great challenge to fabricate PhC structures on LED wafers cost-effectively. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) [3] has attracted considerable attentions in this field due to its high resolution, high throughput and low cost of ownership (CoO). However, the current NIL techniques with rigid stamps rely strongly on the substrate flatness and the production atmosphere. Those factors hinder the integration of NIL into high volume production lines. UV-NIL with flexible stamps [4], e.g. PDMS stamps, allows the large-area imprint in a single step and is less-sensitive to the production atmosphere. However, the resolution is normally limited due to stamp distortion caused by imprint pressure.A novel NIL technique developed by Philips Research and Süss MicroTec, substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL), bridges the gap between UV-NIL with rigid stamp for best resolution and soft stamp for large-area patterning. Based on a cost-effective upgrade on Süss mask aligner, the capability can be enhanced to nanoimprint with resolution of down to sub-10 nm on an up to 6 inch area without affecting the established conventional optical lithographic processes on the machine. Benefit from the exposure unit on the mask aligners, the SCIL process is now extended with UV-curing option, which can help to improve the throughput dramatically. In this paper, the fabrication of photonic crystal structures with SCIL technique on Süss MA6 mask aligner is demonstrated. In addition, the industrialization considerations of UV-SCIL process in high volume manufacturing are briefly discussed.