交联柚苷酶聚集体水解柚皮苷制备普鲁宁

为了提高普鲁宁的收率、简化分离提纯的工艺、得到较高纯度的普鲁宁,本实验采用交联柚苷酶聚集体水解柚皮苷制备普鲁宁,以普鲁宁浓度为优化指标,研究了底物浓度、p H、温度、加酶量、反应时间对制备普鲁宁的影响。利用正交设计对水解过程进行优化,确定最佳工艺条件为:柚皮苷浓度13.79 mmol/L、p H=8.0、温度65℃、加酶量18.0 mg/m L、反应时间12.0 h,优化后制备得到的普鲁宁浓度为13.36 mmol/L、收率达到96.87%。连续使用3个批次后,普鲁宁的收率可以达到91.29%,交联酶聚集体的稳定性较好。采用聚酰胺树脂对水解产物进行吸附,体积分数为40%~60%的异丙醇线性梯度洗脱,从0.36 g柚皮苷反应液中可以分离得到0.22 g普鲁宁。     

模拟移动床色谱制备纯化柚皮苷

通过四区模拟移动床色谱制备纯化柚皮苷。采用高效液相色谱测试单柱的相关参数,通过三角形方法,确定线性条件下的完全分离操作范围。在该范围中选取操作条件进行柚皮苷的制备纯化。实验结果表明,当选取的一至四区流速分别为2mL/min,1.35mL/min,1.69mL/min,0.69mL/min,切换时间为35.5min时,通过面积归一法计算出,该系统制备的柚皮苷纯度可从粗品的82%提升到98%左右,主要杂质峰基本消失,满足柚皮苷的高纯度制备要求。柚皮苷的回收率为97%,产率为0.33mg/min,溶剂耗量为4.85mL/mg。     

柚皮苷二氢查耳酮工艺研究

以柚皮苷为原料制备了柚皮苷二氢查耳酮。考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应压力、搅拌速度等因素对柚皮苷二氢查耳酮收率的影响。实验结果表明,制备柚皮苷二氢查耳酮优化反应条件为:pH值为13,反应温度45℃,反应时间6 h,氢气压力0.5 MPa,雷尼镍(用量为柚皮苷质量的7%)为催化剂,此条件下收率达90.0%。     

两步生物法转化柚皮苷制备L-鼠李糖

考察了利用柚苷酶和酵母静息细胞作为催化剂,两步生物法转化柚皮苷制备L-鼠李糖的工艺过程。柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的最佳工艺条件是ρ(柚皮苷)=14 g/L的水溶液为底物,加酶量10 mL/L(即每升底物中加入酶的体积,下同),pH=5.5,酶解时间22 h。酵母代谢葡萄糖的最佳工艺条件是酵母用量2.5 g/L(即每升水解液中加入酵母的质量,下同),温度32℃,pH=6.0,发酵时间120 min。在30 L发酵罐中进行了小试,最终获得了质量分数大于98.5%的鼠李糖结晶85.6 g,为理论得率的86.5%。     

柚皮苷-PLGA微球的制备及表征

目的:制备柚皮苷-PLGA缓释微球,并对其性能进行体外评价.为促骨生长类药物的长效制剂的设计与研发奠定基础.方法:以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为复合载体材料,采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备柚皮苷-PLGA微球,以微球外观形态、包封率为主要评价指标,单因素投料比(1︰5、1︰10、1︰15)、转速(1...     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化柚深加工废液中柚皮苷的研究

研究了采用大孔吸附树脂吸附处理柚深加工废液并从中回收柚皮苷。结果表明,大孔吸附树脂YWD-06C对柚深加工废液中的柚皮苷具有良好的吸附-脱附性能,其处理柚深加工废液的最佳工艺条件为：吸附流速6BV·h,以体积分数为70％的乙醇水溶液解吸,解吸流速为6BV·h^-1。连续6批次吸附、解吸实验结果表明,大孔吸附树脂YWD-06C的平均吸附率为95．47％、解吸率为91．70％,废水经固定床吸附工艺处理后,柚皮苷浓度从1．23mg·mL^-1降至0．049mg·mL^-1。该工艺操作简便,投资少,分离效果好,可在工业废水的处理及药物活性成分的回收等方面发挥作用。     

HPLC测定橘红颗粒中柚皮苷的含量

建立橘红颗粒高效液相色谱测定柚皮苷的方法。DiamonsilC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)。乙腈-0.05%磷酸(20∶80)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL.min-1。检测波长283 nm。柱温:30℃。柚皮苷在0.237～2.370μg范围内有良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=1776X-19.397 1,r=0.999 6。平均加样回收率为99.39%,RSD=1.52%(n=5)。方法简便、准确,重复性好,可作为橘红颗粒的质量控制方法。     

静脉注射柚皮苷在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的:建立LC/MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中柚皮苷浓度,并考查其药代动力学特征.方法:采用SepaxHP-C18色谱柱:(100mm×2.1 mm,5μm),以甲醇-2 mmoL·L-1醋酸铵溶液(65:35)为流动相;流速:0.3mL·min-1.离子源为ESI源,正离子模式进行检测.结果:大鼠静脉注射给药柚皮苷后,血...     

柚皮苷在口腔护理用品中的应用研究

柚皮苷是广泛存在于芸香科柑橘属（Citrusreticulata Blanco）类水果中的一种双氢黄酮类化合物,具有抗癌、抑菌、抑酶、抗氧化等生理活性。本文从消炎、止血及毒理方面的药理实验,进行了柚皮苷在口腔护理用品中的应用研究。     

壳聚糖固化单宁微球的制备及其吸附性能

5 g单宁酸与10 g壳聚糖微球在100 mL pH=7的溶液中反应6 h,再用0.06 mol/L环氧氯丙烷在pH=10,50℃反应4 h制得壳聚糖固化单宁微球,每克壳聚糖微球固载单宁量为0.27 g。采用扫描电镜和红外光谱对微球进行了表征,考察了微球的溶胀性能及对金属离子的吸附性能。研究表明,通过此法制得的壳聚糖固化单宁微球具有表面粗糙,内部疏松多孔的结构。与壳聚糖微球相比,壳聚糖固化单宁微球在溶液中的溶胀性减小,在pH=5及9时,分别减小了63%和50%。对金属离子的吸附容量增大,对Cd2+的吸附容量从0.6 mmol/g提高到2.2 mmol/g,提高了2.66倍。     

Influence of Sophorolipid Structure on Interfacial Properties of Aqueous-Arabian Light Crude and Related Constituent Emulsions

Sophorolipids (SLs) offer an “environmentally friendly” alternative to chemically produced surfactants currently used in formulations for crude oil extraction, processing, and reclamation. Studies herein describe how sophorolipid structure influences its interfacial properties for environmentally and industrially relevant oil–water systems where the oil phase is Arabian light crude oil, paraffin oil, decane, hexadecane, a 1:1 vol/vol mixture of o-xylene and 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, or a mixture of paraffin oil, o-xylene, and 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (synthetic crude oil). SL-hexyl ester (SL-HE) reduces the crude oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) by 57 and 91% at 0.001 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Crude oil displacement tests reveal that SL-ethyl ester (SL-EE) and SL-HE contract a crude oil slick on water to about 20% of its starting volume allowing for easier burning of spilled crude oil on marine surfaces. Water retention and emulsion phase (e.g., o/w vs. w/o) are determined by SL-structure/concentration, oil concentration, and oil composition to understand their performance for crude oil transportation and clean-up. For the first time, w/o emulsions were obtained using SLs and their formation occurred after homogenization when the oil phase consisted of a 1:1 mixture of o-xylene and 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane. Generally, the performance of SL-esters in the above studies was superior to that using Triton X-100, a comparison nonionic surfactant. Hence, SL-esters offer a valuable platform for tuning interfacial properties to optimize surfactant performance.     

高纯度食品级鞣酸的制备

采用溶剂萃取法，以五倍子为原料，水为溶媒进行浸提，再用乙酸乙酯为溶剂进行萃取，通过脱色制备高纯度食品鞣酸。结果表明，高纯度食品鞣酸的收率达60％，单宁酸含量达97．5％以上。     

无助溶剂水性聚氨酯的制备及相关性能研究

以2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为原料,制备了一种低熔点扩链剂(LMCE)。通过差示扫描量热和广角X射线衍射分析,研究了不同DMPA/BDO物质的量比对LMCE熔点和晶体结构的影响。以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和LMCE为硬段、分别以分子量为1 000、2 000和3 000的聚ε-己内酯二醇为软段,制备了一系列无助溶剂水性聚氨酯。通过粒径分析、差示扫描量热、动态力学分析和力学性能测试等,研究了所制备水性聚氨酯的结构与性能。结果表明:随着DMPA/BDO物质的量比的减小,LMCE的熔点逐渐降低,结晶度下降;随着软段分子量的增加,水性聚氨酯的乳液粒径先减小后增大,微相分离程度和软段结晶性提高;力学性能测试结果表明软段分子量的增加可以提高水性聚氨酯的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。     

新型水处理剂磷化单宁的合成及其性能研究

用三氯氧磷改性单宁,使单宁的酚羟基磷化,以提高其缓蚀性能。论文设计了合成路线,研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应物摩尔比、反应物浓度对合成反应的影响。通过仪器分析判定和证实了磷化单宁的结构。并评价了磷化单宁的缓蚀、阻垢、除氧和杀菌性能。     

Mechanical Properties of Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Carbon Matrix Composites and Relationships to Constituent Properties

The tensile properties of three carbon matrix composites reinforced with SiC (Nicalon) fibers (materials A, B, C) have been measured with and without notches. One of the three materials (material B) had a relatively low strength and exhibited notch brittleness. This material had both a high interface sliding stress and a low fiber bundle strength, caused by particulates in the matrix. These characteristics have been shown to result in a change in failure mechanism that leads to the inferior properties exhibited by material B. The notch properties of the higher-toughness materials were shown to involve splitting, which alleviates the notch stress concentration and diminishes the notch sensitivity.     

膜分离法制备塔拉单宁的研究

采用聚砜中空纤维膜处理塔拉单宁水提取液,研究了聚砜膜的截留分子质量,跨膜压差、膜面流速以及溶液温度对膜性能和产品质量的影响。结果表明,以截留分子量为10000,跨膜压差0.2 MPa,膜面流速2.0 m/s,40～45℃下对塔拉单宁水提液进行膜分离,可以得到浊度0.5 NTU以下,纯度85%以上的高品质塔拉单宁。     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚四氢呋喃、二羟甲基丙酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯等为基本原料,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为封端剂,三乙胺为中和剂,乙二胺为扩链剂,采用原位乳液共聚法合成了丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯乳液。用TEM和FT-IR分析了聚合物的结构,并对成膜物的力学性能、吸水率、耐候性等进行了测试。研究结果表明,经过50％丙烯酸酯改性后,成膜物的拉伸强度由11．5MPa提高到24．1MPa,吸水率由13．6％下降到7．2％。     

再生骨料构成对混凝土性能的影响

通过测试混凝土力学性能和耐久性指标,分析再生骨料构成变化对混凝土性能的影响规律.结果表明:再生砂浆块混凝土28 d前抗压强度较高,长期强度则天然骨料混凝土最高.经过100次冻融循环后,再生骨料混凝土质量损失率均低于5%.天然骨料和再生砂浆块混凝土的抗压强度损失率低于25%,而由30%砖块与70%砂浆块组成的混合骨料混凝土及再生砖块混凝土均超过了限值.各类再生骨料混凝土均可满足P10的抗渗等级要求.其中,天然骨料混凝土抗渗能力最强,其次为再生砂浆块混凝土、再生混合骨料混凝土和再生砖块混凝土;各类混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力与抗渗能力排列顺序一致.以上研究表明,再生骨料中的砖块对混凝土力学性能影响较小,但对耐久性能的负面影响较为显著.     

Relationships Between Birefringence of Constituent Fibers and Properties of Thermally Bonded Nonwovens

Summary: Three‐dimensional nonwoven fabrics have been produced using a newly developed air‐laid web forming and through‐air thermal‐bonding process directly from commercial PP/polyester (sheath/core) bi‐component staple fibers. Following the previous study on the morphology and structure of constituent fibers, this paper reports the breaking force and abrasion resistance of the fabrics. Results indicate that the relationships between both the breaking strength and abrasion resistance of the samples, and the thermal‐bonding process conditions are similar to each other. The appropriate thermal‐bonding temperature and dwell time are critical for achieving fabrics with high breaking strength and abrasion resistance. Such relationships are inconsistent with those between the tensile strength of the constituent fiber reflected by the birefringence and the thermal‐bonding process conditions. The birefringence of the constituent fiber appears to decrease with increasing thermal‐bonding temperature and dwell time. These results provide evidence that both the breaking force and abrasion resistance for the thermally bonded nonwoven fabrics are governed not only by the mechanical properties of constituent fibers, but also by the bonding properties between the fibers.

Abrasion mass loss and breaking force of fabric and birefringence of constituent fiber for the thermally bonded nonwoven samples as functions of the dwell time.