神经内镜治疗脑室内囊性病变(附56例报告)

目的 探讨神经内镜治疗脑室内囊性病变的手术技巧、作用及其应用价值.方法 神经内镜治疗56例脑室内囊性病变,其中颅咽管瘤18例,胶样囊肿2例,第三脑室内蛛网膜囊肿20例,侧脑室内蛛网膜囊肿16例.根据囊性肿瘤的性质采用抽吸囊液后切除囊壁或直接切除囊壁;蛛网膜囊肿病例则切开囊壁放出囊液后,对囊壁进行切除或烧灼.结果 颅咽管瘤囊壁均部分切除,囊腔内分隔穿通;2例胶样囊肿全切除;三脑室蛛网膜囊肿14例近全切除,6例部分切除;侧脑室囊肿7例全切除,9例部分切除.全部病例无明显并发症,远期效果良好.结论 神经内镜治疗脑室内囊性病变是神经内镜较好的适应证,能嘎显减少对脑组织的切开、牵拉和重要结构的损伤.     

经额侧脑室联合翼点入路显微切除第三脑室颅咽管瘤

目的探讨经额侧脑室联合翼点入路显微切除鞍上突入第三脑室的内外型颅咽管瘤的手术适应证、疗效及并发症的防治。方法18例第三脑室内外型颅咽管瘤首先采用经额皮质造瘘,侧脑室室间孔入路切除侧脑室、第三脑室内肿瘤,然后应用翼点入路切除鞍上及鞍旁残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除15例,次全切除3例。患者术后视力改善率75．0％（24／32）,视野改善率76．5％（26／34）;术后16例患者出现不同程度尿崩,3例出现癫痫症状。结论对脑室内外型颅咽管瘤,经额皮质造瘘侧脑室室间孔入路联合翼点入路,充分暴露第三脑室底部、下丘脑、鞍区各脑池及其穿通血管等结构,可提高肿瘤的全切率,减少手术并发症。     

经额下—第三脑室联合入路切除巨大垂体腺瘤与颅咽管瘤24例报告

目的 介绍经额下-第三脑室联合入路切除巨大垂体腺瘤及颅咽管瘤的途径、体会及疗效。方法 额部开颅,先经侧脑室-室间孔达第三脑室,切除第三脑室肿瘤,此时因侧脑室及第三脑室已经开放,颅内压明显降低,可以很容易地抬起额叶,显露并切除鞍上及鞍内肿瘤。结果 4例全切除,20例次全切除,无死亡病例。24例术前均有不同程度视觉障碍,其中10例在住院期间视力视野已有改善,8例术后出现尿崩,经治疗1～2周好转。结论 当垂体瘤或颅咽管瘤长入第三脑室时,经额下-第三脑室入路是较理想的手术入路。     

神经内窥镜治疗脑室内病变

目的探讨脑室内病变采用神经内窥镜治疗的可行性.方法应用神经内窥镜对30例脑室内病变进行治疗13例丘脑肿瘤行肿瘤活检、透明隔造瘘及窥镜引导下V-P分流;9例囊性颅咽管瘤行囊液抽吸、囊壁部分切除,其中5例置Ommaya管;4例松果体区肿瘤行肿瘤活检及第三脑室底造瘘术;2例第三脑室内囊肿部分切除;1例侧脑室脉络丛乳头状瘤摘除;1例侵及室管膜下的胼胝体肿瘤活检.结果所有患者均明确病理,随访3～35个月,27例有效,3例死于肿瘤扩散.无严重并发症.结论选择性的脑室内病变应用神经内窥镜治疗是一种安全、有效的微创手术.     

颅咽管瘤侵袭第三脑室的方式对手术切除的影响

目的 探讨大型颅咽管瘤与第三脑室的关系在肿瘤切除手术中的意义. 方法 南方医科大学南方医院神经外科白1997年1月至2003年1月共采用手术治疗大型颅咽管瘤患者72例.根据肿瘤的影像学表现及手术所见对其进行分类,每一类肿瘤根据大小及其与第三腩室底的关系分为3级,根据术中判断和术后CT和(或)MPd增强扫描结果确定颅咽管瘤手术切除程度,分析肿瘤分级与手术切除程度的关系. 结果颅咽管瘤总体上可以分为第三脑室内型(本组7例)和第三脑室累及型(本组65例)两大类;手术切除程度在不同分级肿瘤间总体分布位置不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 明确大型颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底及下丘腩结构间的关系对提高大型颅咽管瘤手术疗效有重要意义.     

神经内镜治疗脑室内病变

目的探讨脑室内病变的神经内镜治疗。方法应用神经内镜对68例脑室内病变进行治疗,其中松果体区肿瘤16例,囊性颅咽管瘤15例,丘脑肿瘤14例,脑室内囊肿16例,侵及室管膜下的胼胝体肿瘤3例,侧脑室脉络丛乳头状瘤2例,侧脑室猪囊尾蚴病1例,侧脑室内分流管脱落1例。结果随访17～69个月,56例有效,12例死于肿瘤扩散。无严重并发症。结论对脑室内病变选择性应用神经内镜治疗安全、有效。     

经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2011年2月至2017年9月经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除的17例第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的临床资料,术前均行对侧侧脑室外引流术。结果 肿瘤全切除14例 ,次全切除2例,部分切除1例。术后出现尿崩症8例,电解质紊乱14例,癫痫1例,高热1例,短期记忆力减退4例。术后长期昏迷1例,死亡1例;15例康复出院。13例术后随访3个月~6年,肿瘤复发2例。结论 经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路为切除第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的有效途径;术前行脑室外引流术有助于减轻脑积水及减少术后并发症。     

经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除突入第三脑室内颅咽管瘤

目的 探讨切除鞍上突入第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的显微手术人路及疗效.方法 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路显微手术切除46例突入第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤.结果 肿瘤全切33例,近全切10例,部分切除3例;随访46例,随访时间3个月-15年,其中39例术后恢复正常工作和生活,8例术后复发.结论 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室颅咽管瘤疗效显著.此入路能最大限度地保护正常脑组织,并在明显提高肿瘤全切率的同时做到较少的术后并发症.     

经终板入路显微外科手术切除视交叉后颅咽管瘤

目的 探讨经终板入路显微外科手术切除视交叉后累及第三脑室颅咽管瘤的可行性、手术技巧及疗效.方法 回顾性分析34例位于视交叉后累及第三脑室颅咽管瘤病人的临床资料,均采用经终板入路显微手术切除肿瘤.结果 肿瘤全切除30例,次全切除4例.本组死亡1例.术后出现尿崩症、电解质紊乱、垂体前叶功能低下等并发症.术前症状多数不同程度好转.23例随访3～7年,次全切除的病人中术后行伽玛刀治疗3例,随访期间未复发;拒绝放疗1例,术后16个月MRI示肿瘤复发.另19例肿瘤全切除病人随访期间均未复发.结论 经终板入路切除视交叉后累及第三脑室的颅咽管瘤,可取得较好的疗效;精湛的显微外科技巧可避免或减少发生术后并发症.     

颅咽管瘤手术的临床研究

目的研究手术切除颅咽管瘤的方法和疗效。方法在显微镜的辅助下对64例颅咽管瘤患者进行手术,术中根据肿瘤与周围重要神经、血管、三脑室、蝶鞍、垂体柄的位置关系以及粘连情况来具体决定切除程度,对于不易全切的囊性、囊实性肿瘤术毕瘤腔内置入Ommaya管,术后瘤腔注入96钇进行内放射治疗。结果经术中观察和影像学证实,17例全切,47例次全或部分切除加置Ommaya管内放射治疗,出院后随访6个月~1 a,能工作学习或生活自理56例,生活需照顾8例,无死亡病例。结论在严格保护下丘脑功能的前提下,对于不易全切的颅咽管瘤,不盲目追求肿瘤全切,术中放置Ommaya管术后继续内放射治疗,并发症少,病人生活质量得到明显改善。     

脑室内肿瘤合并脑积水的神经内镜治疗

目的探讨神经内镜手术治疗脑室内肿瘤合并脑积水的方法与技巧。方法回顾性分析10例脑室内肿瘤合并脑积水的临床资料,其中肿瘤位于侧脑室5例,第三脑室4例,脑室内多发肿瘤1例。均在神经导航指引下行内镜手术,同时行第三脑室造瘘术9例,透明隔造瘘术1例。结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除1例,仅行活检1例。术后颅高压症状均缓解,发现不同程度发热3例,无癫间疒发作及其他严重并发症。术后脑脊液磁共振电影成像(Cine MRI)显示所有病人脑脊液循环动力学均不同程度改善。随访3～24个月,平均10.6个月,死亡1例,无肿瘤复发;复查MRI显示脑室体积轻度缩小2例,无明显变化8例。结论神经内镜手术既可切除肿瘤,又能重建脑脊液循环,可作为脑室内肿瘤合并脑积水的首选治疗方法。应根据脑室形态和肿瘤位置、大小、性质等在导航引导下选择个体化的手术入路切除肿瘤。     

神经内镜下经Endoport通道切除侧脑室肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨神经内镜下经Endoport通道切除侧脑室肿瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析神经内镜下经Endoport通道切除的15例侧脑室肿瘤的临床资料。结果 肿瘤全切除13例,次全切除2例。术后病理示脑膜瘤5例,室管膜瘤3例,中枢神经细胞瘤3例,乳头状室管膜瘤2例,室管膜下瘤1例,血管周细胞瘤1例。术后出现一过性偏瘫2例、不完全性失语1例,对症处理后改善。术后出现脑积水1例,行脑室-腹腔分流术后明显好转。术后随访6~18月,未见肿瘤复发或进展;术后6个月,KPS评分≥80分13例,<80分2例。结论 神经内镜下经Endoport通道切除侧脑室肿瘤,可提高肿瘤全切除率,减少手术并发症。     

脑室内脑膜瘤的分布及显微手术治疗

目的 探讨脑室内脑膜瘤的分布及显微手术的疗效.方法 对35例行显微手术治疗的脑室内脑膜瘤患者的临床资料及手术效果进行分析总结.结果 30例位于一侧侧脑室,2例位于双侧侧脑室,1例位于侧脑室+第三脑室,1例位于第三脑室,1例位于第四脑室;其中30例全切(SimponⅠ,Ⅱ),4例次全切(Simpon Ⅲ),Ⅰ例大部分切除;术中去骨瓣减压3例,手术死亡1例.术前有颅高压23例术后早期缓解20例,加重3例;随访3个月-8年,7例肢体活动障碍者6例改善,1例加重;4例偏盲者2例改善,2例无变化;伴有脑积水5例,3例缓解,1例行脑室-腹腔分流术,1例行第三脑室底造瘘术.全切病例中,1例肿瘤复发行二次手术;失访3例.结论 脑室内脑膜瘤多位于侧脑室三角区,其位置深在,但显微手术的疗效良好.     

Neuroendoscopic biopsy of pediatric brain tumors with small ventricle

Purpose

Intraventricular endoscopic procedures to resect or biopsy peri- or intraventricular tumors may have not been used in patients with small ventricles due to the presumed difficulties with ventricular cannulation and the perceived risk of morbidity. The purpose of this study is to review the feasibility and safety of neuroendoscopic procedures in the biopsy of pediatric brain tumors with a small ventricle.

Methods

Between January 2006 and January 2013, 72 children were identified with brain tumors confirmed by transventricular endoscopic biopsy. Patients were divided into non-hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus groups, and the ratio of the two groups was 20:52.

Results

In 20 pediatric brain tumors with small ventricle, the targeted lesion was successfully approached under the guidance of neuronavigation. Navigational tracking was especially helpful in entering small ventricles and in approaching the third ventricle through the narrow foramen of Monro. The histopathologic diagnosis was established in all 20 patients: nine germinomas, three mixed germ cell tumors, two pilomyxoid astrocytomas, and two pilocytic astrocytomas. The tumor biopsy sites were the suprasellar area (n?=?10), pineal area (n?=?4), lateral ventricular wall (n?=?4), and mammillary body (n?=?1). There were no major morbidities related to the endoscopic procedure.

Conclusion

Neuroendoscopic biopsy or resection of peri- or intraventricular tumors in pediatric patients without hydrocephalus is feasible. Navigation-guided neuroendoscopic procedures improved the accuracy of the neuroendoscopic approach and minimized brain trauma. The absence of ventriculomegaly in patients with brain tumor may not serve as a contraindication to neuroendoscopic tumor biopsy.     

Changes in cognitive function after resection of lesions in the anterior part of the lateral ventricle via an interhemispheric transcallosal approach

Anterior callosotomy to about 20 mm has been considered relatively safe empirically. The present study aimed to compare cognitive function before and after resection of tumors in the anterior part of the lateral ventricle. We analyzed 6 patients with intraventricular tumors located in the anterior horn or body of the lateral ventricle who underwent surgical excision via interhemispheric transcallosal approach at Osaka City University Hospital between March 2015 and August 2018. And clinical and imaging studies, neuropsychological function using MMSE, WAIS-III and WMS-R and surgical complications were retrospectively reviewed based on the medical records at our institution. As a result, 4 patients achieved gross total resection of the tumor and 2 patients achieved subtotal resection. 4 patients showed hydrocephalus, which disappeared in each case within 6 months after tumor resection. Mean length of callosotomy was 16.9 mm (range, 15.5–26.1 mm). One patient showed postoperative transient deficits including aphasia, microphonia, ballism in all extremities and hemiplegia, and another patient experienced subjective difficulty when talking. These symptoms disappeared within 3 months after tumor resection. Scores from the MMSE and WAIS-III showed no significant postoperative deterioration. Performance intelligence quotient (P = 0.04), full intelligence quotient (P = 0.04) and perceptual organization (P = 0.03) of WAIS-III were significantly improved after surgery compared with preoperatively. In conclusion, anterior corpus callosotomy of about 20 mm for intraventricular tumor in the anterior horn or body of the lateral ventricle might have little effect on cognitive function in the chronic phase, although the influence of hydrocephalus cannot be ignored.     

神经导航辅助内镜在脑室系统病变中的应用

目的探讨神经导航辅助内镜在脑室系统病变中的应用。方法对30例脑室系统病变,包括12例实质性肿瘤、10例梗阻性脑积水、8例囊性病变患者用神经导航制定手术计划,术中导航引导内镜,按投射轨迹、靶点进行穿刺、活检或肿瘤切除。结果全部病例均能顺利、准确进行手术操作。2例囊性肿瘤和3例实质性肿瘤全切除,8例实质性肿瘤行活检和第三脑室底造瘘,6例囊性病变行造瘘和囊壁部分切除,1例实质性肿瘤行透明隔造瘘和肿瘤部分切除,10例脑积水行第三脑室底造瘘,未出现并发症。结论神经导航辅助的内镜技术最大限度的减少了对脑组织的创伤,明显提高了神经内镜手术的安全性和准确性。     

Transventricular Biopsy of Brain Tumor without Hydrocephalus Using Neuroendoscopy with Navigation

Objective

It is usually difficult to perform the neuroendoscopic procedure in patients without hydrocephalus due to difficulties with ventricular cannulation. The purpose of this study was to find out the value of navigation guided neuroendoscopic biopsy in patients with peri- or intraventricular tumors without hydrocephalus.

Methods

Six patients with brain tumors without hydrocephalus underwent navigation-guided neuroendoscopic biopsy. The procedure was indicated for verification of the histological diagnosis of the neoplasm, which was planned to be treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy as the first line treatment, or establishment of the pathological diagnosis for further choice of the most appropriate treatment strategy.

Results

Under the guidance of navigation, targeted lesion was successfully approached in all patients. Navigational tracking was especially helpful in entering small ventricles and in approaching the third ventricle through narrow foramen Monro. The histopathologic diagnosis was established in all of 6 patients : 2 germinomas, 2 astrocytomas, 1 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and 1 pineocytoma. The tumor biopsy sites were pineal gland (n = 2), suprasellar area (n = 2), subcallosal area (n = 1) and thalamus (n = 1). There were no operative complications related to the endoscopic procedure.

Conclusion

Endoscopic biopsy or resection of peri- or intraventricular tumors in patients without hydrocephalus is feasible. Image-guided neuroendoscopic procedure improved the accuracy of the endoscopic approach and minimized brain trauma. The absence of ventriculomegaly in patients with brain tumor may not be served as a contraindication to endoscopic tumor biopsy.     

基于QST分型的颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底脑膜层次的关系

目的探索基于QST分型的、累及第三脑室底的颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底脑膜层次的关系及临床意义。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月南方医科大学南方医院神经外科在神经内镜下行肿瘤全切除术治疗累及第三脑室底的原发性颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料(共17例,其中Q型6例,S型3例,T型8例),所有患者术中均留取肿瘤组织标本。正常鞍区标本来源于同期该院行人工引产或自然流产的胎儿(8例)。对以上标本进行苏木素-伊红(HE)和免疫荧光双标染色,应用波形蛋白抗体标记硬脑膜,Ⅰ型胶原蛋白抗体标记蛛网膜,胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体和层粘连蛋白抗体标记软脑膜,以CK18抗体标记腺垂体,以CK5/6抗体标记颅咽管瘤。观察胎儿脑组织标本的脑膜染色情况以及不同QST分型的颅咽管瘤组织与第三脑室底脑膜的层次关系。结果8例胎儿标本均成功标记硬脑膜、蛛网膜、软脑膜。颅咽管瘤标本HE染色及免疫荧光双标染色结果显示,所有Q型肿瘤(6/6)与第三脑室底之间存在硬脑膜(鞍膈);所有S型肿瘤(3/3)与第三脑室底之间存在蛛网膜和软脑膜;T型肿瘤与第三脑室底之间存在3种病理学形态关系,分别命名为卯榫样、地幔样及护城河样关系,所有T型肿瘤(8/8)与第三脑室底之间有软脑膜分隔,但在肿瘤起源点处,软脑膜可逐渐消失。当肿瘤极度挤压第三脑室空间时,第三脑室室管膜仍可保持完整。结论不同QST分型的颅咽管瘤均可累及第三脑室底,且与第三脑室底之间存在不同的脑膜层次;这些脑膜层次是手术安全切除累及第三脑室底的颅咽管瘤的天然屏障。     

经额胼胝体-透明膈入路显微切除第三脑室及侧脑室肿瘤

目的 探讨经额胼胝体-透明膈入路显微切除第三脑室并累及侧脑室肿瘤的临床疗效及优点.方法 选择皖南医学院弋矶山医院神经外科自2005年10月至2009年4月收治的第三脑室并累及侧脑室肿瘤患者12例.采用经额胼胝体-透明膈入路行显微切除手术.结果 肿瘤全切除4例,近全切除3例,大部分切除5例,无手术死亡患者.结论 该手术入路由生理间隙进入,显微镜下直视操作,术野暴露清晰且对周围结构损伤小,切除第三脑室及侧脑室内肿瘤较安全,并发症少.     

神经内镜治疗第三脑室肿瘤合并脑积水四例报道及文献回顾

目的 探讨第三脑室肿瘤合并脑积水经神经内镜治疗的方法和手术技巧.方法 分析北京世纪坛医院神经外科收治的4例第三脑室肿瘤合并脑积水患者(前侧部肿瘤2例,底部肿瘤1例,后部肿瘤1例)的临床资料、影像学表现,结合相关文献总结手术经验与技巧.结果 4例患者中3例采用单纯神经内镜手术,1例采用神经内镜辅助显微镜下手术.术后患者临床症状明显改善,无严重并发症及死亡病例.随访3～18月,患者复查头部MRI显示肿瘤无复发,脑积水均有不同程度改善.结论 神经内镜导航下可直达肿瘤所在位置,又可减少不必要的损伤,切除肿瘤同时可解除梗阻性脑积水,重建脑脊液循环,是一种治疗第三脑室肿瘤合并脑积水安全有效的手术方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the treatment methods and surgical techniques of the third ventricle tumor combined with hydrocephalus under neuroendoscope. Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of 4 patients with third ventricle tumor combined with hydrocephalus, treated with surgery under neuroendoscopy, were retrospectively analyzed; and related literatures were reviewed to conclude the surgical experiences and skills. Results Three of the 4 patients were performed surgery only by neuroendoscopy, and 1 by neuroendoscopic auxiliary microscope for the tumor complete resection. The clinical symptoms improved obviously after the surgery, and no significant complications and no dead case were noted.We followed up the 4 patients for 3-18 months; MRI showed that the tumor did not relapse and the hydrocephalus got improvement. Conclusion Endoscopic navigation can help to directly reach the locations of third ventricle tumor and decrease the unnecessary damage, which enjoys its advantages in tumor resection,relieving obstructive hydrocephalus and rebuilding the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, indicating that surgery under neuroendoscope is a safe, effective and minimally invasive method.