微纳米SiO2/PP复合材料增强增韧的实验研究

为了研究无机刚性颗粒对通用塑料聚丙烯(PP)的力学性能的影响,采用熔融共混方法制备了经硅烷偶联剂A-151处理的SiO2/PP复合材料,并通过其缺口冲击、拉伸、弯曲试验和冲击断面的形貌观察,分析研究了微纳米SiO2颗粒大小、填充量、表面改性以及不同颗粒大小SiO2混合物对PP复合材料增韧、增强效果的影响.实验结果表明:纳米SiO2的加入可以同时改善其韧性、刚性和强度;填充量相同,颗粒越细,SiO2/PP复合材料的力学性能越好.SiO2经改性后填充到PP基体中,明显改善了颗粒在基体中的分散性及基体与颗粒之间界面结合性能,使复合材料的综合力学性能得到提高.不同颗粒大小的SiO2混合后填充到PP基体中,混合SiO2的协同效应使复合材料拉伸、弯曲性能进一步提高,对PP基体具有更好的增强效果,但其冲击性能下降.     

微纳米SiO2/PP复合材料增强增韧的实验研究

为了研究无机刚性颗粒对通用塑料聚丙烯 (PP) 的力学性能的影响, 采用熔融共混方法制备了经硅烷偶联剂A-151处理的SiO₂/PP 复合材料, 并通过其缺口冲击、 拉伸、 弯曲试验和冲击断面的形貌观察, 分析研究了微纳米SiO₂颗粒大小、 填充量、 表面改性以及不同颗粒大小SiO₂混合物对PP复合材料增韧、 增强效果的影响。实验结果表明: 纳米SiO₂的加入可以同时改善其韧性、 刚性和强度; 填充量相同, 颗粒越细, SiO₂/PP复合材料的力学性能越好。SiO₂经改性后填充到PP基体中, 明显改善了颗粒在基体中的分散性及基体与颗粒之间界面结合性能, 使复合材料的综合力学性能得到提高。不同颗粒大小的SiO₂混合后填充到PP基体中, 混合SiO₂的协同效应使复合材料拉伸、 弯曲性能进一步提高, 对PP基体具有更好的增强效果, 但其冲击性能下降。      

改性油松木粉/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料界面性能研究

为改善油松木粉与不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)的界面相容性,采用氢氧化钠处理、偶联剂处理、接枝改性和包覆处理方法对油松木粉进行改性,对改性木粉/UPR复合材料进行冲击和拉伸性能测试;通过观察试样冲击断口形貌,判断两相界面相容性情况。结果表明:木粉经接枝改性后增韧效果最佳,复合材料的冲击强度提高了148.3%;包覆处理后增强效果最佳,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了17.4%。同时碱处理、偶联剂处理和包覆处理能不同程度地提高复合材料的拉伸和冲击性能。接枝改性能大幅提高复合材料的冲击性能,但对拉伸性能提高不明显甚至下降。通过观察试样冲击断口,改性后油松木粉与UPR的界面相容性得到明显改善。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/SiO2纳米复合材料力学性能的影响

为了进一步提高聚丙烯的力学性能,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/SiO2)纳米复合材料的界面相容剂,研究了PP-g-MAH添加量对PP/SiO2的力学性能、微观形态以及结晶行为的影响,并研究了其增容机理.研究表明:PP-g-MAH的加入使纳米PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的力学性能得以全面提高,使纳米二氧化硅与聚丙烯的界面粘结得到改善,并且,由于PP-g-MAH导致复合材料的界面强度提高和界面层厚度增加,使KH-570与PP-g-MAH并用的PP/PP-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料比单用KH-570的PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的改性效果更加明显;PP-g-MAH对PP的结晶过程具有较明显的成核作用,使改性PP的结晶温度提高.     

改性纳米或微米SiO_2的分散方法对木粉-SiO_2/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

未改性和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTS)改性的纳米SiO_2和微米SiO_2作为增强相,采用直接分散(干分散)和溶液分散(湿分散)两种方法将SiO_2添加到聚丙烯(PP)基体中。将木粉(WF)作为改性相添加到SiO_2改性的PP中制备WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料,探索SiO_2粒径、分散度及界面改性对复合材料增强效果的影响。红外光谱显示改性后的SiO_2已经成功接枝到PP基体上;与未填充SiO_2的WF/PP复合材料相比,干分散模式添加质量比为9%的微米SiO_2或9%的纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的弯曲强度分别降低了21%和18%;然而,湿分散模式以VTS改性微米SiO_2和纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料弯曲模量分别提高了17%和22%,且抗蠕变性能也明显改善;通过干分散和湿分散模式添加微米SiO_2,均使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料冲击强度提高了17%。研究表明,在SiO_2粒子分散均匀且与基体界面结合良好的前提下,加入适量微米SiO_2或纳米SiO_2使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的冲击强度提高了15%～25%。     

凹凸棒石/弹性体协同改性聚丙烯

通过熔融共混法,制得了聚丙烯(PP)/硅烷偶联剂改性的天然凹凸棒石(OATT)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)三元复合材料和PP/OATT、PP/凹凸棒石(ATT)二元复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能、流变性能和热性能。力学性能研究结果表明:在二元体系中,复合材料的拉伸强度随着ATT和OATT含量提高而提高,但是在相同凹凸棒石含量下,PP/OATT复合材料的拉伸强度提高更显著;PP/ATT复合材料的冲击强度与纯PP比较没有提高反而下降,而PP/OATT的冲击强度则随着OATT含量提高先增后降,并在OATT含量为1%时达到最大值。在PP/OATT/POE三元体系中,当固定PP/OATT比例为100/5时,POE含量达到5%,复合材料冲击强度为8.91KJ/m2,与未加POE体系相比提高了21.10%;当POE含量增加到15%时,复合材料冲击强度提高了44.80%,并且其拉伸强度基本得到保持,说明POE和OATT对PP具有明显的协同增韧增强效果。流变曲线分析表明,在低的剪切速率下,改性的凹凸棒石对PP复合材料的流动性能有较好改善。DSC分析结果表明,POE和OATT均能有效地促进PP结晶,并且OATT/POE二元组分对...     

纳米SiO2改性竹纤维/乙烯基树脂复合材料界面相容性

以乙烯基树脂(VE)为基体,竹纤维(BF)为增强材料,通过偶联剂KH602对纳米SiO₂进行改性处理,并利用改性后纳米SiO₂分别对竹纤维和树脂进行改性处理,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)制备了BF/VE复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM对改性后纤维和树脂的表面物理化学状态进行表征,结果表明:改性纳米SiO₂成功化学接枝到竹纤维表面且分散到树脂基体中,改性纳米SiO₂在BF1/VE0.5 (用1.0wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性纤维和0.5wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性树脂)复合材料中分散更为均匀;采用力学试验机和SEM对复合材料力学、断口和表面形貌进行分析,考察改性纳米SiO₂的添加量对BF/VE复合材料力学性能、界面性能的影响。结果表明:BF1/VE0.5复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值49.0 MPa、70.6 MPa和150.4 J/m,与未处理的复合材料相比分别提高了18.9%、26.1%、70.7%。此外,还初步探讨了改性纳米SiO₂的界面增强机制。      

电气石/PP复合材料的制备及性能研究

用钛酸酯对电气石进行改性,得到疏水性电气石粉体;将改性后的电气石粉体与聚丙烯(PP)按一定比例混合,在挤出机上挤出造粒,在注塑机上注塑成型制备出电气石/PP复合材料。力学性能测试表明:复合材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能都有一定程度的提高;当电气石含量为3%时(wt,质量分数),复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度分别提高了15.38%和11.79%。电气石/PP复合材料同时具有释放负离子的功能,随着改性电气石含量的增加,复合材料负离子释放量不断增加。     

功能化聚丙烯对纳米SiO2/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以环氧功能化聚丙烯(PP-g-GMA)作为纳米SiO2/PP复合材料的增容剂,研究了PP-g-GMA对复合材料力学、结晶和流变性能的影响.研究结果表明,PP-g-GMA的加入使PP复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度提高;使PP的结晶峰温明显提高,使复合材料的储能模量和复合黏度均明显高于纯PP.     

纳米Sb2O3增强聚丙烯基复合材料力学性能

通过球磨分散法和熔融共混法制得纳米Sb₂O₃/溴化环氧树脂-聚丙烯（BEO-PP）阻燃复合材料试样。采用XRD、DSC、拉伸和冲击性能测试,研究了纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP阻燃复合材料的力学性能及其增强机制。研究结果表明：采用球磨法改性后的纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒在PP基体中的分散性和黏结性能得到明显改善;纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒的加入可改善PP基复合材料的强韧性;随着纳米Sb₂O₃质量分数的升高,纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP复合材料的力学性能呈现出先升后降的趋势,PP基体的结晶度逐渐增高;当纳米Sb₂O₃颗粒添加量为2wt%时,纳米Sb₂O₃/BEO-PP复合材料表现出优异的综合性能。     

Preparation and tensile properties of amorphous Fe78Si9B13/nano-Ni laminated composite

Amorphous Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃/nano-Ni laminated composite was prepared by electrodeposition method. The tensile properties of laminated composite at room temperature were examined. The laminated composite exhibits a very high tensile strength and reasonable tensile elongation. This is attributed to a good bonding between amorphous Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ layer and nano-Ni layers. The amorphous layer can deform in conformity with Ni layers and be significantly stretched without fracture. The apparent surface energy γ_f of amorphous Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ ribbon in the laminated composite is 7 times larger than γ_f of amorphous ribbon in monolithic form. The isostrain model may be insufficient to explain the tensile behavior of the laminated composite.     

Investigations on NiAl composites fabricated by matrix coated single crystalline Al2O3-fibers with and without hBN interlayer

The intermetallic compound NiAl has excellent potential for high temperature structural applications but suffers from low temperature brittleness and insufficient high temperature strength. One way to remove these deficiencies is the reinforcement by high strength ceramic fibers. Such intermetallic matrix composites can be conveniently fabricated by the hot pressing of matrix coated fibers. Al₂O₃ single crystal fibers show excellent chemical stability with the NiAl matrix, but the residual thermal compressive stresses during cool down dramatically degrades the fiber strength and thus, renders the composite useless for structural applications. We report on an experimental and computational study to mitigate this problem and to fabricate Al₂O₃/NiAl composites with sufficient high temperature strength. Analytical TEM, mechanical testing and push-out tests were employed to characterize chemistry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. It will be shown that a processing window exists that allows producing intermetallic matrix composites with promising mechanical properties.     

Surface modification of sub-micron spherical SiO2 particles with butanedioic acid for electrophoresis in tetrachloroethylene

Sub-micron spherical SiO₂ particles were prepared by co-precipitation process, and further surface modification of the SiO₂ particles by butanedioic acid (BA) for charging and electrophoresis in tetrachloroethylene was attempted. The obtained composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Zetasizer. FTIR and XPS results indicate that the chemical bonding by esterification between BA and SiO₂ particles was achieved. SEM measurement shows that the modified SiO₂ particles are spherical and about 250 nm and are dispersed into tetrachloroethylene stably. Zetasizer results reveal that the Zeta potential of the modified SiO₂ particles in tetrachloroethylene medium was − 27.84 mv, which was much higher than that of the unmodified SiO₂ particles.     

碳纤维/TiO2改性树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

针对环氧树脂脆性大、与碳纤维形成的界面性能较差等问题,本文选用纳米TiO₂对5284环氧树脂进行改性,并以角联锁机织物为增强体制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。使用FT-IR、旋转流变仪、表面张力仪等设备对TiO₂/环氧树脂进行表征,并研究了树脂改性对复合材料压缩与层间剪切性能的影响。研究表明:TiO₂的羟基与环氧树脂的环氧基和羟基发生了反应;经1wt.%TiO₂改性的树脂复数黏度为0.066 Pa·s,纤维与树脂间接触角为28.85°,浸润效果较好;相较于未改性复合材料,树脂改性的复合材料纵向压缩强度与模量分别提高了7.46%和11.03%,横向压缩强度与模量分别提高了6.99%和4.96%,纵向、横向的剪切强度分别提高了6.88%和4.65%。TiO₂改性环氧树脂提高了复合材料的承载能力,改善了界面结合强度。     

Mechanical properties of TiO2-filled CNT/PMMA composites

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the effect of TiO₂ fillers on the mechanical properties of CNT/PMMA composites. TiO₂/PMMA/CNT composites were prepared by using twin screw extruder and test samples by injection moulding. Results indicated that incorporation of CNT in PMMA causes decreases in tensile stress, elongation at break, and on impact properties. It is observed that addition of CNT and TiO₂ seems to be beneficial in increasing mechanical strength via increasing the interface dispersed phase.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al2O3/TiAl in situ composites doped with Cr2O3

Al₂O₃/TiAl composites were successfully fabricated from powder mixtures of Ti, Al, TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ by a hot-press-assisted exothermic dispersion method. The effect of the Cr₂O₃ addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/TiAl composites was characterized, and the results showed that the Rockwell hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites increased as the Cr₂O₃ content increased. When the Cr₂O₃ content was 2.5 wt%, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness attained peak values of 925 MPa and 8.55 MPa m^1/2, respectively. This improvement of mechanical properties was due to the more homogeneous and finer microstructure developed from the addition of Cr₂O₃ and an increase in the ratio of α₂-Ti₃Al to γ-TiAl matrix phases.     

Comparative analysis of crystal field effects and optical spectroscopy of six-coordinated Mn ion in the Y2Ti2O7 and Y2Sn2O7 pyrochlores

The electronic energy levels of the six-coordinated Mn⁴⁺ ion in the pyrochlores Y₂B₂O₇ (B = Sn⁴⁺, Ti⁴⁺) have been computed using the exchange charge model of crystal field theory. The calculated Mn⁴⁺ energy levels and their trigonal splitting are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. The calculated crystal field parameters show that the higher crystal field strength in Y₂Sn₂O₇ arises from an increased orbital overlap effect between the Mn⁴⁺ ion and the nearest oxygen ions, which are located at the 48f crystallographic position of the pyrochlore lattice. This increased overlap in Y₂Sn₂O₇ occurs despite the fact that the Mn⁴⁺-O²⁻ bond distance in Y₂Sn₂O₇ is longer than in Y₂Ti₂O₇ and is attributed to a lack of hybridization (covalent bonding) between the filled 2p orbital of oxygen ion occupying the 48f site of the pyrochlore lattice and the filled Sn⁴⁺ 4d¹⁰ orbital. The low temperature emission spectrum of Mn⁴⁺ activated Y₂Sn₂O₇ is analyzed in terms of a weak zero phonon line (R-line) with accompanying vibrational side bands.     

Photocatalytic degradation of RhB over MgFe2O4/TiO2 composite materials

MgFe₂O₄/TiO₂ (MFO/TiO₂) composite photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using a mixing-annealing method. The synthesized composites exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity than a naked semiconductor in the photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Under UV and visible light irradiation, the optimal percentages of doped MgFe₂O₄ (MFO) were 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively. The effects of calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity were also investigated. The origin of the high level of activity was discussed based on the results of X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen physical adsorption. The enhanced activity of the catalysts was mainly attributed to the synergetic effect between the two semiconductors, the band potential of which matched suitably.     

Microstructure characterization of fibrous HAp-(20 vol.% t-ZrO2)/Al2O3-(25 vol.% m-ZrO2) composites by multi-pass extrusion process

Core-shell structured HAp-(t-ZrO₂)/Al₂O₃-(m-ZrO₂) composites were fabricated using a multi extrusion process. The shell of Al₂O₃-(m-ZrO₂) phases was selected due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties and the core was designed with t-ZrO₂ dispersed in the HAp matrix. The t-ZrO₂ and m-ZrO₂ particles (< 400 nm) were homogeneously dispersed in the HAp and Al₂O₃ phases, respectively. In the HAp-(t-ZrO₂) core region, a heavy strain field contrast was observed due to the mismatch of their thermal expansion coefficients. The values of relative density, bending strength and Vickers hardness of the third pass fibrous HAp-(t-ZrO₂)/Al₂O₃-(m-ZrO₂) composites, which were sintered at 1400 °C, were about 93%, 169 MPa, and 792 Hv, respectively.     

Preparation and properties of nano-SiC strengthening Al2O3 composite ceramics

The processing and mechanical behaviors of Al₂O₃-xwt.%SiC (x = 1, 2, 5, ASx) nano-composites prepared by the in situ synthesis of SiC from polycarbosilane (PCS) were investigated. The composites were densified by hot pressing. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered composites were analyzed. The results showed that a fully dense structure was obtained when a few nano-SiC were doped and that the fracture toughness and strength were highly improved compared with those of monolithic Al₂O₃. The fracture toughness reached 5.1 MPa m^1/2 in AS2 composite. The maximum flexural strength was 516 MPa obtained in AS1 composite.