激光分离同位素法概述

介绍激光分离同位素的基本情况、基本方法及技术发展的基本条件。     

资源供应略有下降市场价格小幅上涨——10月份国内天然橡胶市场综述

近期橡胶市场基本特点可以用“基本平稳”来概括,一是新增资源基本平稳,略有下降;二是橡胶需求基本平稳,回升态势依然延续;三是价格走势基本平稳．小幅上涨.     

用于橡胶道口的转辙器结构以及铁轨系统

正本发明提供的一种用于橡胶道口的转辙器结构以及铁轨系统,涉及铁路技术领域,包括:基本轨道和尖轨道;基本轨道包括直基本轨和曲基本轨;直基本轨和曲基本轨相对设置;尖轨道包括曲线尖轨和直线尖轨;曲线尖轨和直线尖轨设置在直基本轨和曲基本轨之间,且曲线尖轨靠近直基本轨,直线尖轨靠近曲基本轨;曲股角钢立墙,曲股角钢立墙设置在曲线尖轨的内侧;直股角钢立墙,直股角钢立墙设置在直线尖轨的内侧;     

无中心筒熟料库顶钢网架基本圈的施工方法

无中心筒熟料库顶网架基本圈的组装工作至关重要。机械吊装网架基本圈对场地要求较高,费用较高;环形脚手架支承安装网架基本圈成本较低,施工简便,但工期较长;高空支架(马镫)支承安装网架基本圈应用较广泛,其成本较低,工期较短,但高空安装存在风险;自承式安装网架基本圈对场地要求不高,成本低,工期短,工艺简洁,作业有保障。     

论对构建城市和谐交通问题的思考

本文主要讨论了构建城市和谐交通对于构建和谐社会的重要意义,构建城市和谐交通的基本内涵,构建城市和谐交通需要协调处理的基本关系以及构建城市和谐交通需要树立的基本意识等问题。     

涂装质量检查

介绍了涂装质量检查的基本工作,涂装检查人员的基本工作要求和技术培训等。     

中越规范基本风压取值的差异及换算方法

风荷载是建筑物的主要荷载之一,尤其是对水泥工业厂房预热器窑尾框架等高耸结构及一些高层和长跨结构。文章提供了中国和越南规范有关基本风压的相关规定和基本风压确定方法;介绍了中国涉及基本风压的有关参数的换算。在此基础上,计算并给出与《越南建筑荷载规范》（TCVN2737—1995）中各基本风压区相对应的中国荷载规范中的基本风压值对照表,可方便相关越南涉外工程的投标报价和设计计算。     

论中控操作员的主观操作素质

要使生产线达到能耗最低的精细运转水平,除了客观因素外,技术人员的管理理念、中控操作员的主观操作素质都是不可忽略的因素。操作员能否具有正确的理念与思路,需要培训与实践,这就必须对操作员提出正确的基本要求,应掌握哪些基本知识,具备哪些基本能力,进而提出其所应具有的基本业务素质。 1 对中控操作员的基本要求     

GC/MS内标法测定水中挥发性和半挥发性有机物的质量控制

阐述了色谱/质谱联机内标法分析测定水中挥发性和半挥发性有机污染物时质量控制的基本内容、基本方法和基本操作,所述基本内容对环境监测中色谱/质谱联机分析测定的质量控制具有参考价值。     

基于数学形态学的图像处理技术应用研究

数学形态学是由一组形态学的代数运算组成的,它具有膨胀、腐蚀、开启和闭合四种基本运算,基于这些基本运算可以推导和组合成各种数学形态学的实用算法。本文主要对数学形态学的基本理论及其在图像处理中的一些基本应用进行了初步的探讨,并以二值形态学为主介绍了基于数学形态学的指纹图像滤波处理及应用。     

世界油气主产国油气资源管理的基本经验及启示

油气是重要的战略资源,关系国计民生。随着工业化和城镇化的加速推进以及汽车进入普及期,我国油气供需形势日趋严峻。解决我国油气供应不足的问题。应首先立足于开发利用国内的油气资源,不断提高自给水平,然而却存在管理体制和政策的掣肘。世界油气主产国都不断改善其油气资源开发利用的管理体制与政策,促进更加有效与合理地开发利用和保护油气资源。本文总结了该领域的国际经验,从加强油气资源法律法规体系建设、促进油气资源管理体制改革、完善油气资源矿业管理等方面提出了对我国的启示和改革建议。     

油气储运技术的创新研究

石油和天然气的储存和运输,即石油和天然气资源的储存和运输,是有效利用石油和天然气资源的重要先决条件。随着中国经济社会的快速发展和油气储运技术的更新和发展,油气储运业面临着重大机遇和挑战。针对油气储运技术发展现状,确定基于安全,环保,节能的油气储运技术要不断的创新,才能促进油气进一步发展。     

Glyceride isomerizations in lipid chemistry

Isomerization of isopropylidene glycerol ketals and benzylidene glycerol acetals was studied, and isoraerization equilibria were established. Reaction of benzaldehyde with glycerol gave four benzylidene glycerol isomers, which were separated by column chromatography and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. Isomerization of 1- and 2-monoglycerides and of 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides, and their separation by column chromatography, are described. Mechanisms of isomerization in mono- and diglycerides and factors which affect them are discussed. Isomerization of 1- and 2-glycerophosphates and of cyclic glycerophosphates by acid and base was also studied. Hydrolysis products of L-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine and 2-glycerylphosphorylcholine were separated by column chromatography and characterized by periodic acid oxidation, optical rotation, and NMR spectroscopy. No isomerization of unhydrolyzed L-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine and 2-glycerylphosphorylcholine was observed. Evidence indicated that acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of phosphoglycerides are under thermodynamic control whereas most base-catalyzed hydrolyses are under kinetic control.     

感光科学与光化学

本刊主要刊登感光科学和光化学领域的研究成果，同时刊登有关信息科学及信息材料，包括信息储存稀己录、信息的处理和加工及信息显示材料等；光／电化学及光电子技术，包括光／电转换及储存材料、电光材料、非线性光学材料、纳米材料、电致发光材料及器件研究以及化学和物理发光等领域；光生物，光医学及生命科学与环境科学中的有关问题的新理论、新概念、新技术和新方法，以促进国内外的学术交流。     

全球油脂和脂肪产量预测和价格展望

论述了近年来全球食用油和非食用油的产量和消耗量以及2020年全球油脂的需求及产量预测。指出全球油脂产量受各种条件影响和限制,存在许多可变因素,并对全球油脂价格的波动进行了分析。     

武器信息化条件下火炸药发展策略分析

分析了火炸药与武器信息化的关联性;论述了火炸药在武器装备发展中的综合地位与作用;提出作为武器信息化条件下火炸药发展策略和基本点的六项技术,即火炸药相关信息量的整合与准确表达、高能量与高安全性的统一、能量释放的可控制性、洁净燃烧与爆炸技术、燃烧爆炸的物理与化学作用延伸、非致命武器与化学战剂等.     

果蓬类原料致密成型特征及其机制炭质量分析

以山核桃、油茶和板栗3类果蓬为原料,研究了此类原料与杉木、松木屑在不同配比条件下对果蓬类致密成型特征及其机制炭质量的影响。证实了果蓬类原料因纤维素含量、木质素含量与杉木、松木存在差异,且因较高的灰分含量限制,需与杉木或松木屑等原料在一定配比条件下才可实现良好的致密成型。而配比选择试验结果则表明,果蓬原料与杉木、松木屑混合原料以3:7比例配料为宜;在此条件下,制备的机制炭外形平直无裂缝,得率为 33.85%~36.73%,固定碳含量 79.80%~86.20%,热值28.96~31.92 MJ/kg。     

临兴地区非常规天然气合探共采地质条件分析

临兴地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘河东煤田中部,前期勘探和试井生产显示该区块具有良好的煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气资源前景。通过对3种非常规天然气资源勘探和开发地质条件的系统分析,结果表明,临兴地区具有煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气优越的成藏条件和良好的配置关系,煤层—页岩—致密砂岩3种储层中天然气连续聚集成藏,受物质基础和保存条件的影响,不同的层位和构造位置上存在差异。提出了该地区非常规天然气的勘探开发可遵循以下原则:东部浅层进行太原组煤层气、页岩气以及山西组煤层气的合探共采,西部深层集中进行山西组页岩气、致密砂岩气以及太原组致密砂岩气的合探共采。从而为该地区非常规天然气的利用提供科学依据。     

On Porosity of Carbon Aerogels from Sol-Gel Polymerization of Phenolic Novolak and Furfural

Carbon aerogels were prepared by sol-gel polymerization of phenolic novolak and furfural followed by supercritical drying and pyrolysis. The porosity and morphologies of carbon aerogels were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, apparent density, He- pycnometer method, and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Effect of ratios of phenolic novolak to furfural (Ra) and total concentration of reactants (C) in sol-gel step on porosity and morphologies of carbon aerogels was investigated. The carbon aerogels synthesized are rich in meso- and macropores. The Ra determines the cross-linking density of polymers, thereby the compatibility of the polymers, and ultimately the shrinkage of gels in the drying and pyrolysis. The network sizes and the porosity of organic and carbon aerogels are mainly determined by Ra. The C has no effect on volume shrinkage of gels in drying and pyrolysis and has only dilute effect in determining bulk density of organic and carbon aerogels, and ultimately the porosity of carbon aerogels. Conversion of mesopores to micro- and macropores is observed, which is related to combination of C and Ra, and determines the partition of micro-, meso- and macropores.     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.