雨生红球藻中虾青素的C_(30)-反相高效液相色谱法测定

建立了雨生红球藻中虾青素的C30-反相高效液相色谱测定方法。雨生红球藻经二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比25∶75)研磨和超声提取后,在0.5 mL 0.1 mol/L NaOH甲醇溶液中于5℃避光皂化12 h,在YMC-Ca-rotenoid C30色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)上以甲醇(A)、叔丁基甲基醚(B)、1%磷酸溶液(C)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用紫外检测器在474 nm测定。在优化实验条件下,雨生红球藻中的虾青素酯可以很好地转化为游离虾青素。实验以虾青素酯和虾青素在C30色谱柱上不同的出峰时间作为判断是否皂化完全的依据。在0.1~5mg.L-1时峰强度与虾青素质量浓度呈良好线性(r=0.999 7),方法的定量下限为2 mg/kg,平均回收率为95%~108%,相对标准偏差为3.5%~14.7%。方法准确可靠,适用于雨生红球藻中虾青素含量的测定。     

测定雨生红球藻中虾青素及其它色素含量的高效液相色谱法

建立了一种分离和测定雨生红球藻中虾青素和其它色素的反相高效液相色谱法 ;含有雨生红球藻细胞的培养液经离心分离 ,匀浆破碎 ,用甲醇 -二氯甲烷 (体积比3∶1)提取色素 ,提取液用HPLC分离测定 ;分析柱为Nova_PakC18(300mm×3.9mmID ,5μm)柱 ,流动相为水、甲醇和丙酮 ,流速1.0mL/min ,用二极管阵列检测器在250～700nm波长范围扫描 ,在476nm处进行检测 ;虾青素、多种类胡萝卜素和叶绿素在30min内得到较好分离 ,其中游离虾青素、斑蝥黄质和 β_胡萝卜素的检出限分别为3.56、1.36和29.4μg/L,这3种类胡萝卜素分别在质量浓度为1.99～31.7mg/L、2.44～39.0mg/L、2.25～36.0mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好 ,相关系数分别为0.9993、0.9987和0.9778;该法的精密度 (RSD为0.09 %～2.97% )和回收率(96%～102 % )均符合方法学要求 ,可以用于研究和测定雨生红球藻中虾青素和其它色素的含量     

高效液相色谱法检测南极磷虾油中总虾青素含量

建立了一种检测南极磷虾油中总虾青素含量的高效液相色谱方法。样品采用Na OH-甲醇溶液皂化后加入Na HSO4终止反应,反应液经正己烷液液萃取净化,采用C18液相色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器在476 nm波长进行测定,虾青素在5 min内得到较好分析。考察了皂化时间对虾青素酯皂化效率的影响,研究结果显示,皂化30 min为最佳反应时间。虾青素含量在0.2~20.0 mg/L范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.005 mg/kg,定量下限为0.2 mg/kg。日内精密度(RSD)≤3.4%,日间RSD≤4.3%,南极磷虾油样品的加标回收率为90.2%~95.2%。该方法的线性范围宽、准确性好、精密度高,样品前处理方法简便,适用于南极磷虾油中总虾青素含量的分析检测。     

GPC-HPLC法测定南极磷虾油中虾青素及校正因子计算

以保健食品南极磷虾油为研究对象,建立了测定南极磷虾油中虾青素含量的全自动凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化-高效液相色谱分析方法。样品采用GPC净化,NaOH甲醇溶液皂化后,经C30液相色谱柱分离后测定。考察了皂化溶剂、加碱量、皂化时间等对虾青素皂化效率的影响以及pH对溶液稳定性的影响,并对虾青素异构体的校正因子进行了计算,确定了虾青素的定量方式。南极磷虾油中虾青素的定量限为0.5 mg/kg;在0.1～5 mg/L时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.999);加标回收率为96%～98.5%;相对标准偏差为3.0%～5.6%。方法适用于南极磷虾油中虾青素的实际检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定油脂类保健食品中虾青素

提出了高效液相色谱法测定油脂类保健食品中虾青素含量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,提取液浓缩后,用Dikma C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)分离,用不同配比的乙腈和水的混合溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,用紫外检测器于波长479nm处检测。虾青素的质量浓度在30.0～300mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.07mg.L-1。在空白样品中进行加标回收试验,方法的回收率在90.0%～96.7%之间;方法的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.8%。     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中的角黄素和虾青素

建立了一种同时测定饲料中角黄素和虾青素的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）。样品由乙腈提取,经LC-NH2固相萃取小柱净 化,洗脱剂为乙腈-甲苯（体积比为3∶1）,洗脱液被浓缩后进行HPLC分析,色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μ m),流动相为乙腈-甲醇（体积比为95∶5）,流速1.0 mL/min,采用二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为474 nm;外标法定量。角黄素和 虾青素的线性范围分别为1.0～30.0 mg/L和1.0～20.0 mg/L,相关系数分别为0.9990和0.9991,回收率为90%～101%,相对标准偏差为 0.62%～3.68%,检出限分别为0.84和0.60 mg/L。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于饲料中角黄素和虾青素的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱–光电二极管阵列法测定虾青素的含量

建立虾青素含量测定的高效液相色谱–光电二极管阵列法。采用Purospher STAR RP 18(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇–水(体积比为95∶5)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长为482 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。在所选定的液相色谱条件下,虾青素主峰与其它杂质峰分离良好,虾青素在0.2~16μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.01μg/mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.42%(n=6),平均回收率为100.4%。该法分析快速准确、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定虾中砷和汞

建立了氢化物原子荧光法同时测定虾中砷和汞的方法。研究了样品前处理及实验条件对测定砷、汞的原子荧光强度的影响，并探讨了共存离子对测定砷、汞的干扰和消除的方法。本方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点，砷和汞的检出限分别为0．026μg/L和0．020μg／L；相对标准偏差分别为1．7％～9．4％和1．2％～9．4％；回收率为98％～106％。     

流动注射-化学发光法测定盐酸洛美沙星

在酸性条件下盐酸洛美沙星可与Ce(Ⅳ)产生化学发光反应，罗丹明6G对该反应有较强的增敏作用。据此，建立了流动注射-化学发光法测定盐酸洛美沙星的新方法。该方法的线性范围为0．10～15．0mg／L，检出限为0．06mg／L，相对标准偏差(n=11，c=1．00mg／L)为1．2％，回收率为95％～102％。本法用于胶囊中盐酸洛美沙星含量的测定，分析结果满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定虾粉中镉含量的不确定度评定

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定虾粉中镉含量进行了不确定度评价。分析了整个测试过程中不确定度的来源,并对各不确定度分量进行了计算,当虾粉中镉的含量为0．389mg／kg时,扩展不确定度为0．008mg／kg（k=2）。     

Selective extraction of astaxanthin from crustaceans by use of supercritical carbon dioxide

An on-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system coupled to a continuous flow manifold including a UV detector was used as a screening system to extract astaxanthin from crayfish, which was found to be the major carotenoid present in the samples. This compound constitutes the principal additive used to dye salmon flesh. The flow manifold was used to confirm the presence of astaxanthin in the crustacean samples. Also, an HPLC/UV-vis method was used to ascertain that this compound was the major carotenoid extracted under the optimum SFE conditions employed. The influence of SFE operating variables such as pressure, temperature, equilibration time, extraction time, trap temperature, and volume of CO₂ modifier was examined in order to maximize the efficiency of analyte extraction. The use of supercritical CO₂ enables the expeditious, selective, quantitative extraction of astaxanthin from crustaceans.     

Determination of astaxanthin in feeds using high performance liquid chromatography and an efficient extraction method

A high performance liquid chromatography method using an efficient extraction method was developed for the determination of astaxanthin in eight kinds of animal feed. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C₁₈ reversed-phase column, using methanol and acetonitrile as the mobile phases with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The feeds containing astaxanthin were first treated with maxatase, to cause enzymatic hydrolysis, and then extracted with dichloromethane. The optimized method produced recoveries of between 82.4% and 100% for all eight kinds of feed, and the coefficients of variation were lower than 4.28%. The limit of detection, defined as the concentration that gave a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, for astaxanthin was estimated to be 0.1 µg/g. The limit of quantification, defined as the lowest spiked concentration that gave an appropriate level of precision and accuracy, was 0.3 µg/g. Finally, the method developed was used to determine astaxanthin in real, commercially sourced, feed samples. The method met the requirements for the determination of astaxanthin in feed, providing satisfactory recoveries of 70–110%.     

A Green Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Method to Extract Astaxanthin from Shrimp Byproducts

The extraction of valuable compounds from waste products using green and inexpensive solvents is a significant strategy for sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present study, the use of deep eutectic solvents, an emerging green approach, was used to extract astaxanthin, a well-known and widely-used antioxidant, from shrimp byproducts. After evaluating different combinations of extraction conditions and deep eutectic solvents, an ultrasonication method was established and optimized by a systematic investigation of the influencing factors. A comparison of the amount of astaxanthin (102 μg g^{? 1} ) extracted using a traditional organic solvent, ethanol, showed that more astaxanthin (146 μg g^{? 1} ) was obtained using the reported eco-friendly method. The excellent properties of deep eutectic solvents highlight their advantages as promising inexpensive green solvents for the extraction and determination of a range of bioactive compounds from natural products.     

Purification of Astaxanthin from Laminaria japonica by Ionic Liquid-based Monolithic Cartridge

An effective and accurate method was developed for the extraction of astaxanthin from Laminaria japonica with subsequent separation by ionic liquid-based monolithic cartridge. The optimized extraction conditions including extraction solvent(ethanol), extraction time(90 min) and ultrasonic power(75 W) were obtained by systematical investigation. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a C₁₈ column with ultraviolet(UV) detection at 476 nm, and a solution consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/H₂O/dichloromethane(83:6:6:5, volume ratio) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. After ionic liquid-based monolithic solid phase extraction, 17.82 μg/g astaxanthin was obtained from Laminaria japonica. This ionic liquid-based monolithic cartridge exhibits high affinity and selectivity for astaxanthin, and it can be potentially used as the stationary phase of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).     

Quantification of astaxanthin in salmons by chemiluminescence and absorption after TLC separation

Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid, belongs to the chemical class of terpenes and is a yellow lipid soluble compound. The compound is present in marine animals like salmons and crustacean. Its colour is due to conjugated double bonds and these double bonds are responsible for its antioxidant effect. Its antioxidant activity is ten times stronger than other carotenoids and nearly 500 fold stronger than vitamin-E. We present a new thin layer chromatography (TLC) method to measure astaxanthin on TLC-plates (Merck, 1.05554) in the visible absorption range as well as by using chemiluminescence. For separation a solvent mixture of cyclohexane and acetone (10?+?2.4, v/v) was used. The RF-value of astaxanthin is 0.14.The limit of detection in vis-absorption is 64?ng / band and the limit of quantification is 92?ng/band. In chemiluminescence the values are 90?ng / band and 115?ng/band. The method offers two independently working measurement modes on a single plate which increase the accuracy of the quantification.     

Optimization and Application of Liquid Chromatography Determination of Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Purified Astaxanthin in Shrimp Waste

A new molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction(MISPE) monolithic cartridge was synthesized, and MISPE-DLLME(DLLME=dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction) was developed for purification of astaxanthin in shrimp waste. The eluent(methanol) from MISPE was used as the dispersive solvent in subsequent DLLME for further purifying and enriching the analyte prior to high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-water-dichloromethane(85:5:5:5, volume ratio), flow rate was 0.7 mL/min and UV wavelength was 476 nm. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.2―200.0 μg/mL(r²=0.9998) with a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.08 μg/mL, and the extraction recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 88.3%―92.5% with a relative standard deviation(RSD) less than 4.3%. Moreover, the mean contents of astaxanthin in the three batches of shrimp waste were 95.9, 85.4 and 77.2 μg/g, respectively. This method combining the advantages of MISPE and DLLME results in high selectivity and low cost, which was applied to determining the astaxanthin level in shrimp waste samples.     

虾青素全合成及选择性环氧化的量子化学计算研究

虾青素(astaxanthin)又名虾黄质、龙虾壳色素,是一种类胡萝卜素。在自然界,虾青素具有最强的抗氧化性,有很大的应用价值。目前虾青素合成国内外有几条路线,本文根据虾青素国内合成工艺对虾青素中间产物进行路线的优化,并对关键步骤α-紫罗兰酮选择性环氧化进行量子化学计算研究。     

Quantification of astaxanthin in shrimp waste hydrolysate by HPLC

In the present study, a simple and rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp waste hydrolysate has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure involves the direct extraction of astaxanthin from the lipid fraction with methanol. The analytical column, SS Exil ODS, was operated at 25C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of water:methanol:dichloromethane:acetonitrile (4.5:28:22:45.5 v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection and identification were performed using a photodiode array detector (lambda(detection) = 476 nm). The proposed HPLC method showed adequate linearity, repeatability and accuracy.