锂掺杂二氧化钛空/燃比厚膜材料的氧敏特性

研究了锂(Li)掺杂二氧化钛(TiO2)作为空/燃比控制用厚膜敏感材料的响应特性.X射线衍射分析表明:适量掺杂能保持TiO2厚膜的金红石结构,但晶胞参数有所增大.扫描电子显微镜显示:在摩尔分数(下同)为2%～4%范围内,TiO2厚膜晶粒没有明显变化.Kroger-Vink缺陷分析表明:锂离子主要以替位方式占据Ti的格点位置;600℃下样品呈p型半导体特性,电阻随氧分压增加而减小.伏安法测试结果显示:在一定Li掺杂范围内,既能提高样品响应特性和响应速率,又能扩展样品工作的温度范围(200～600℃),但较高Li(4%)掺杂导致样品的底电流增加而影响响应时间.结果显示:合适(3%)的Li离子掺杂,在金红石结构下增加晶胞参数,产生大量导电空穴,从而拓宽样品敏感温度的范围,增强氧气敏感特性.     

三氧化二铝衬底表面杂质对二氧化钛厚膜氧敏特性的影响

以三氧化二铝(Al2O3)为衬底,二氧化钛(TiO2)为厚膜氧敏材料,研究衬底表面杂质对厚膜高温氧敏特性的影响.用X射线光电子能谱监测常用Al2O3基体在制备及表面抛光过程中引入的钙(Ca)、硅(Si)、钠(Na)、氮(N)等杂质及含量.X射线衍射分析表明:衬底杂质使厚膜主体物相仍保持金红石结构,但随着Si离子摩尔分数(下同)的提高,厚膜的金红石结构中出现低度的Si,Ti有序化.扫描电子显微镜分析表明:Ca,Na离子含量较高的样品,晶粒表层包覆使厚膜粒度呈现增大的迹象.伏安法的厚膜氧敏特性测试表明:衬底表面存留的Ca离子含量越高,引入深能级空穴浓度越高,高温(600℃以上)氧气响应特性变差.缺位分析认为,衬底表面存留Ca,Si,Na离子产生的Ti金属缺位是影响敏感膜高温富氧响应特性和响应时间的主要因素.     

二氧化钛厚膜钯表面扩散状态对氧气响应特性影响

利用二氯化钯(PdCl2)溶液浸渍法,研究了二氧化钛(TiO2)厚膜钯(Pd)原子表层扩散对氧气响应特性的影响.扫描电子显微镜显示:Pd扩散后厚膜表面均匀分布着纳米级Pd晶粒.利用Kroger-Vink方程分析了不同扩散时间下对应的lnR-lnpo2曲线,针对不同斜率的曲线,用缺陷方程分析了Pd元素的分布状态.样品响应特性的伏安法测试结果显示:820℃,2h扩散的敏感膜具有理想灵敏度和响应时间.研究结果表明:Pd元素在敏感膜表面形成了纳米级Pd晶粒,并在TiO2厚膜表层中存在着少量的钯间隙原子(Pdi)及替位钯离子(Pd2 ).合理的扩散温度和扩散时间,可获得表层Pd氧化量最少、扩散浓度合适的敏感膜,进而获得效果理想的厚膜氧敏材料.     

(Al_2O_3,CaO)掺杂对x(MgO)=8%-ZrO_2纳米粉相组成和晶粒大小的影响

用尿素水解法制备了x(MgO)=8%-ZrO2及(Al2O3,CaO)掺杂的x(MgO)=8%-ZrO2纳米粉。经XRD、TEM等分析表明:掺入Al2O3有降低(c+t)-ZrO2体积分数和细化晶粒的作用;CaO的掺入可显著提高(c+t)-ZrO2含量,当掺入x(CaO)=3%时,可得到全稳定立方相氧化锆。     

锶掺杂铅酸钡陶瓷的热电性能

用固相反应法对BaPbO3材料进行了Sr掺杂,合成了Bal-xSrxPbO3(0≤x≤1.0)系列粉体材料.对样品进行了X射线衍射分析.通过计算获得了材料的晶胞参数随化学组分的变化规律.将粉体烧结成块状陶瓷,在300～673 K测试了该陶瓷的电导率、Seebeck系数和热导率随Sr掺杂量(x)和温度的变化情况.结果发现:随x的增加,晶胞参数(a,b,c)缩短,晶胞体积(V)收缩,晶格对称性降低.Seebeck系数的绝对值升高,热导率降低,电导率下降.当x=0.6时,BalxSrxPbO3表现出高的品质因子Z,在673 K时,Z的最大值达1.2×10-4/K.     

B掺杂CVD金刚石厚膜的应力研究

在HFCVD系统中采用B2O3作为掺杂源制备了B掺杂CVD金刚石厚膜,利用X-射线衍射仪研究了B掺杂对CVD金刚石厚膜应力的影响.结果显示,B元素的掺杂改变了金刚石膜的成分和结构,膜中非晶态碳含量随着掺杂浓度的增加而增加.在低掺杂时CVD金刚石厚膜成核面上的应力状态为压应力,在高掺杂时应力状态为张应力,张应力值随着掺杂浓度的增加而增加.掺杂CVD金刚石厚膜生长面的应力为张应力,在高掺杂时的张应力值较高.     

B掺杂对(Al0.2Zr0.8)4/3.8Nb(PO4)3固体电解质性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法对(Al_(0.2)Zr_(0.8))_(4/3.8)Nb(PO_4)_3的P位进行B掺杂,获得了固体电解质(Al_(0.2)Zr_(0.8))_((4+2x)/3.8)NbP_(3–x)B_xO_(12)(x=0～0.2)。利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、电化学交流阻抗法、直流极化法等对样品的相组成、微观形貌和电性能进行表征。结果表明:不同比例B掺杂的固体电解质(Al_(0.2)Zr_(0.8))_((4+2x)/3.8)Nb P_(3–x)B_xO_(12)(x=0～0.2)均具有NASICON型三维结构,B掺杂并未影响固体电解质的物相结构;与(Al_(0.2)Zr_(0.8))_(4/3.8)Nb(PO_4)_3相比,B掺杂后的样品致密度增大,电导率提高。(Al_(0.2)Zr_(0.8))_(4.2/3.8)Nb P_(2.9)B_(0.1)O_(12)(x=0.1)具有最大的致密度和最高的电导率。在600℃时,样品电导率达到1.27×10~(–3 )S·cm~(–1),是未掺杂样品的2倍;直流极化法测试证实,样品为纯Al~(3+)传导,电子传导可忽略不计。     

厚度对钇掺杂氧化铪薄膜性质的影响

通过中频磁控溅射在p型(100)硅基片上沉积了不同厚度的Y掺杂Hf O_2(Y∶HfO2)薄膜。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析薄膜的Y掺杂浓度及元素结合状态。掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)分析表明,3.25 mol.%的Y掺杂HfO_2薄膜相结构为立方相。利用X射线反射率(XRR)测量得到了不同溅射时间的薄膜厚度、密度和粗糙度。电性能测试表明,Y掺杂HfO_2薄膜基电容器介电常数随膜厚的增大而增大。基于界面层分压原理,详细讨论了SiO_2界面层对薄膜介电特性的影响。     

固溶体Ce1-xEuxO2-δ的导电性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,经800℃焙烧10h合成了Ce1-xEuxO2-δ(x=0.05～0.50)固溶体.用X射线衍射仪检测了样品的结构,测量了样品的阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱.结果表明:当掺杂量x≤0.40时,固溶体的结构为单相立方萤石结构,晶胞参数随x的增加而增大.样品中存在Ce3 ,掺杂Eu3 可以抑制Ce4 离子的还原.通过掺杂使固溶体Ce1-xEuxO2-δ(x=0.10～0.40)的电导率提高,随着掺杂量x增加,电导率增大,并在x=0.20时达到最大值(500℃的电导率σ500℃=1.07×103S/cm);电导活化能减小,x=0.20时,电导活化能Ea达到最小值,为0.72eV.     

基于化学掺杂SnO2的氢泄漏传感器的研制

主要研究了掺杂过渡金属(Mn、Co)的SnO_2纳米晶样品(半导体金属氧化物)的合成及其对氢气的敏感特性。该样品采用溶胶凝胶法制备,随后经过微波辐射进行合成处理。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征方法证实,样品晶粒平均尺寸随掺杂过渡金属浓度的增加而减小;通过实验研究样品在不同温度和浓度下对H2的信号响应,评估采用这种纳米材料作为敏感材料的氢气传感器性能。同时研究了上述传感器对潜在干扰气体一氧化碳(CO)的选择性。结果表明,Co在提高SnO_2纳米晶粒的传感性能方面比纯SnO_2和掺杂了锰的SnO_2更有效,这使得在250℃工作温度下,氢泄漏传感器具有优异的响应性、选择性和再现性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.