The roles and functions of hospital-based ethics committees

Ethics committees ar becoming much more visible on the Canadian health care scene. They range from research-ethics committees that decide whether research projects are ethically sound to case-oriented committees that look at particular issues and give advice. Eike-Henner Kluge says that ethics committees are useful tools, but only when they are appropriately constituted and function in a professional manner. Otherwise, he warns, they become either useless or a liability.     

Euthanasia in England: courts, committees and consistency

Part I of this paper considers three competing ethical approaches to the valuation of human life: "Vitalism', 'Inviolability', and 'Worth'. Part II argues that, largely as a result of the case of Airedale NHS Trust v Bland, English law relating to 'euthanasia' (the intentional shortening of a patient's life, by act or omission, as part of his/her medical care) is in a morally and intellectually inconsistent state, incorporating Inviolability by prohibiting doctors from intentionally killing patients by an act but adopting Worth by permitting them intentionally to kill certain patients by omission. Part III maintains that the recent Report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics missed an opportunity to recommend the resolution of this inconsistency.     

An acculturation model for ethics training: The ethics autobiography and beyond.

An integrated theme for ethics courses and workshops can be very valuable to psychologists engaged in ethics training. The model of ethical acculturation (M. M. Handelsman, M. C. Gottlieb, & S. Knapp, 2005) can serve as a framework for ethics training at undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education levels. The authors outline several advantages of focusing on the process of acculturating to the ethics of psychology rather than having students simply memorize ethics principles and standards. They discuss several pedagogical activities used to implement the acculturation theme and to help students become more active participants in their learning. Examples from student papers and course discussions highlight the ways these techniques aid in the teaching, learning, and assessment of learning in professional ethics training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction and comment: "Becoming a consultant: The real stories" (Leonard, 1999).

Distinctions in appointed and elected government positions are additions to H. S. Leonard (see record 1999-10840-001). Clarifications give tribute to two mentoring psychologists who died in February and March, 1999, respectively: Lyman V. Ginger, educational psychologist and elected official in Kentucky, and Arthur W. Combs, humanistic psychologist and perceptual/person-centered theorist in Colorado. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Environmental ethics and medical ethics: some implications for end-of-life care, Part I

Heterotrimeric G proteins, consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, transduce environmental signals through coupling to plasma membrane-localized receptors. We previously reported that the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa possesses a Galpha protein, GNA-1, that is a member of the Galphai superfamily. Deletion of gna-1 leads to defects in apical extension, differentiation of asexual spores, sensitivity to hyperosmotic media, and female fertility. In addition, Deltagna-1 strains have lower intracellular cAMP levels under conditions that promote morphological abnormalities. To further define the function of GNA-1 in signal transduction in N. crassa, we examined properties of strains with mutationally activated gna-1 alleles (R178C or Q204L) as the only source of GNA-1 protein. These mutations are predicted to inhibit the GTPase activity of GNA-1 and lead to constitutive signaling. In the sexual cycle, gna-1(R178C) and gna-1(Q204L) strains are female-fertile, but produce fewer and larger perithecia than wild type. During asexual development, gna-1(R178C) and gna-1(Q204L) strains elaborate abundant, long aerial hyphae, produce less conidia, and possess lower levels of carotenoid pigments in comparison to wild-type controls. Furthermore, gna-1(R178C) and gna-1(Q204L) strains are more sensitive to heat shock and exposure to hydrogen peroxide than wild-type strains, while Deltagna-1 mutants are more resistant. In contrast to Deltagna-1 mutants, gna-1(R178C) and gna-1(Q204L) strains have higher steady-state levels of cAMP than wild type. The results suggest that GNA-1 possesses several Gbetagamma-independent functions in N. crassa. We propose that GNA-1 mediates signal transduction pathway(s) that regulate aerial hyphae development and sensitivity to heat and oxidative stresses, possibly through modulation of cAMP levels.     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1987.

This article is a list of officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association in 1987. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1988.

Provides a listing of APA's officers, members of the Board of Directors and Council of Representatives, and committee members for 1988. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1976.

Lists the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association in 1976. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1990.

Presents a list of American Psychological Association officers, board & committee members, and other representatives of APA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1977.

Presents a list of the officers, boards, committees, division representatives and state association representatives of the American Psychological Association for the year 1977. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1989.

Presents a list of the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1986.

Presents a list of the American Psychological Association's Officers; Board of Directors; Council of Representatives; Committees and Boards Reporting Directly to the Council of Representatives; and Boards, Committees, and Representatives to Other Organizations Reporting Directly Through the Board of Directors for 1986. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1982.

Presents a listing of the Officers, Boards, Committees, and Representatives of the American Psychological Association for the year 1982. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1975.

This article provides a list of all of the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association in 1975. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1978.

Provides a list of the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1985.

Presents a list of American Psychological Association officers, board members, committees, and representatives for 1985. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The special education consultant in due process hearings: Ethics and expertise.

Presents guidelines for special education consultants who are increasingly being asked to serve as expert witnesses in administrative law/due process hearings as parents seek to resolve conflicts over interpretations of implementations of the provisions of federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to educationally disabled students. Guidelines are presented about the legal foundations for special education law, the common areas of dispute about which consultants may be asked to render an opinion, the standards for expert testimony, and how to best present testimony so as to protect the interests of their client while adhering to the constraints imposed by ethical practice. Major areas of dispute often involve eligibility, appropriateness of a program, the least restrictive environment, and accommodations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research participants telling the truth about their lives: The ethics of asking and not asking about abuse.

Most discussions of the ethics of self-report research on abuse and interpersonal violence focus on the risks of asking participants about their experiences. An important element of the cost-benefit analysis--the costs of not asking about child abuse--has largely been ignored. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the costs and benefits of child abuse research, leaving researchers to make decisions based on individual beliefs about such issues as the prevalence of abuse, the likelihood of disclosure, the effects of child abuse, and the ability of abuse survivors to give informed consent. The authors suggest that these beliefs tend to overemphasize survivors' vulnerability and ignore the costs of avoiding asking about abuse. In fact, these beliefs may reinforce societal avoidance of abuse and ultimately harm abuse survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1969-70.

Lists the officers, Board of Directors, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association for 1969-70. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)