花生壳粉表面性能及木塑复合材料界面性能的研究

通过动态法研究了浸润粉层的液体质量的平方随时间的变化规律,测定了不同探测液对花生壳的接触角。采用平衡接触角仪测定了探测液对改性聚乙烯的接触角,进而根据Focks理论推导出花生壳和改性聚乙烯的表面自由能及其极性分量和非极性分量,并计算出花生壳粉/聚乙烯复合材料的界面张力和黏附功。结果表明:相容剂Bondyram 5108的加入,使聚乙烯的极性分量和非极性分量都不同程度地增加,改善了花生壳粉在聚乙烯基体中的分散性,降低了复合材料的界面张力,增大了黏附功。     

十六醇聚氧乙烯醚(3)羧酸盐的合成及其耐盐性和界面性能研究

以十六醇聚氧乙烯(3)醚为原料,经羧甲基化合成了十六醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠,产率最高达到83.8%。产品经红外光谱和质谱表征为十六醇聚氧乙烯醚(n)羧酸盐(C16AEC,n=1～3)。研究表明,C16AEC具有优良的抗Na+能力,45℃下对NaCl的容忍度达到135 g.L-1,与典型的耐盐型表面活性剂十二醇聚氧乙烯醚(3)硫酸盐(AES)相当;但C16AEC抗二价离子(Ca2+和Mg2+)的能力一般,45℃下对CaCl2和MgSO4的容忍度仅为0.5和1.8 g.L-1,远不如AES;C16AEC微乳体系的最佳盐度(NaCl)和中相盐宽亦与AES微乳体系接近;C16AEC具有优良的表面活性,25和45℃下临界胶束浓度(cmc)都在10-5mol.L-1数量级,γcmc小于30 mN.m-1;C16AEC具有较好的亲油性,通过与两性表面活性剂复配,45℃下可在0.1%～0.3%的总质量浓度范围内使大庆原油/地层水界面张力降到10-3mN.m-1数量级,无需添加任何碱或中性电解质。     

P(AA-co-SMA)作为高分子表面活性剂的可行性研究

研究无规共聚物P(AA-co-SMA)作为高分子表面活性剂的可行性。以丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(SMA)为单体,采用自由基溶液聚合法合成了5种配比的无规共聚物P(AA-co-SMA)。红外测试表明聚合物制备成功,电导法和表面张力法测试聚合物的临界胶束浓度(～0.01 g/L)和溶解度(～0.1 g/L)结果一致、都较小,但聚合物对水的表面张力的降低能力太差,故该无规共聚物不能作为高分子表面活性剂。     

聚(N–芳基化苯并咪唑酮)的合成与热性能研究

以酮基双苯并咪唑和4,4'–二氟二苯甲酮为单体,通过亲核取代反应得到聚(N–芳基化聚苯并咪唑酮)。通过N–芳基化的方法把苯并咪唑和酮基引入到聚合物主链中,以期得到一类耐热性能优异的含酮基聚苯并咪唑。通过分子模拟方法对目标聚合物的分子链结构及其堆积状态进行了计算分析,其结构通过FT–IR、1H–NMR和元素分析表征。该聚合物由于具有较为刚性的分子骨架结构,故表现出优异的热性能和较高的玻璃化转变温度(T5%=501℃,Tg=279℃)。     

VMT/P(AMPS-co-AA)复合高吸水树脂的性能测试

研究了溶液pH、盐浓度对辉光放电电解等离子体引发合成的蛭石/聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸-co-丙烯酸) (VMT/P(AMPS-co-AA)) 复合高吸水树脂的溶胀行为的影响,考察了染料pH、吸附时间、染料浓度等因素对复合高吸水树脂吸附量的影响,同时对树脂的吸附-解吸性能进行了研究。结果表明, VMT/P(AMPS-co-AA)具有高吸水性、pH敏感性、盐敏感性以及高吸附性。该树脂在蒸馏水中的最大溶胀率达到822.4 g/g,对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝(MB)、结晶紫(CV)和孔雀石绿(MG)的吸附量分别可达2027.8, 2171.8和883.2 mg/g。在pH=6.5和25℃下,其对染料的吸附行为符合动力学准二级模型,该树脂还具有一定的吸附-解吸性能和重复利用性能。     

P(AM-AMPS)水凝胶的制备与性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,过硫酸铵((NH)S0)和亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO)为引42283发剂,采用静置水溶液法合成PAM-AMPS水凝胶。讨论了引发剂、交联剂、单体配比、单体浓度、pH值等因素对产物吸水性能的影响。结果表明,合成的水凝胶具有一定的吸水性、吸盐性。()     

TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂对P(Ⅴ)的吸附和脱附

通过凹凸棒黏土负载TiO_2-Fe_3O_4制备了TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂,进行了P(Ⅴ)的静态吸附和脱附实验,对其动力学和热力学参数进行了研究。通过SEM对凹凸棒黏土负载纳米TiO_2-Fe_3O_4前后结构进行了表征,考察了物料配比及吸附时间、pH值、温度、投加量和初始浓度对P(Ⅴ)吸附率的影响。结果表明,3/4负载TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂对P(Ⅴ)有良好的吸附作用,当吸附剂质量为0.6 g,P(Ⅴ)离子初始浓度0.6 mg/L时,pH为8左右,温度20℃,吸附剂对P(Ⅴ)的吸附率为92.9%。吸附过程为准二级动力学,吸附类型与Freundlich吸附模型一致。TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂在循环使用4次后,吸附率仍能达到77%以上。     

m(C)/m(P)对污泥絮体中磷形态与分布及除磷能力的影响

采用连续流强化生物除磷系统(EBPR),研究进水m(C)/m(P)对聚磷菌(PAOs)的除磷能力和污泥絮体中磷的形态与分布的影响。结果表明,在进水m(C)/m(P)分别为100、65、45条件下,系统有稳定高效的除磷效果,磷的去除率维持在88%以上。将进水m(C)/m(P)由100降低至45,PAOs可以合成和消耗更多量的单位污泥胞内聚合物,污泥好氧消耗单位PHA的吸磷量由0.52 mg/(mg·L)提高至0.64 mg/(mg·L);低m(C)/m(P)的污泥表现出更高的TP和各形态磷含量,且在厌氧、好氧过程中,污泥中TP和无机磷有更大的增加量,对应着更显著的生物除磷过程,对应着低m(C)/m(P)的污泥絮体有更强的好氧吸磷能力。     

(Z)-7-苯亚甲基-5H-二苯并[b,g][1,4]氧氮杂环辛-6(7H)-酮的合成

以2-碘苯酚和2-氟硝基苯为原料,经Ullmann缩合、还原、Sonogashira偶联、羰基环化反应首次合成了(Z)-7-苯亚甲基-5 H-二苯并[b,g][1,4]氧氮杂环辛-6(7 H)-酮,总收率34.9%。产物结构经1 H NMR、13C NMR和MS表征。     

复合固体推进剂药浆工艺性能概述

综述了国内外关于HTPB、NEPE两类复合固体推进剂药浆工艺性能研究进展,结合其各自应用背景及组成特点,分析了这两类推进剂药浆流变特性等工艺性能及其主要影响因素,并提出了未来复合固体推进剂工艺性能的重点研究方向。     

HTPB/IPDI推进剂与衬层界面黏结性能研究进展

简述了推进剂与衬层界面黏结机理及造成界面附近推进剂软化的原因,总结了国内外关于影响端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)/异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)推进剂与衬层界面黏结性能因素以及改善界面黏结性能的技术途径的研究成果,提出了改善该类推进剂与衬层界面黏结性能的建议.     

Investigation on interfacial bonding in HMX-containing model propellant composite

A series of novel bonding agents which comprise the structural features of hydantoin and isocyanurate derivatives have been developed. The mechanical properties of model propellant composite containing these novel bonding agents were determined. Wilhelmy plate and wicking methods were used to evaluate wetting properties of these new bonding agents, and the wetting properties were discussed in the respect of thermodynamics and dynamics. Combined with the results obtained from FTIR and XPS analysis, the interfacial bonding of these novel bonding agents with HMX was evaluated.     

复合固体推进剂用增塑剂的研究进展

综述了非极性和极性复合固体推进剂用增塑剂的研究进展,包括其种类、研究现状和优缺点。对新型增塑材料——离子液体进行了展望。以期为复合固体推进剂用增塑剂的合成和应用研究提供参考。     

Ammonium perchlorate-based composite solid propellant formulations with plateau burning rate trends

This paper presents burning rates as a function of pressure of several propellant formulations based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene cured by isophorone diisocyanate, many of which exhibit significantly low (nearly zero or negative) values of the pressure exponent of the burning rate in distinct pressure ranges, termed as plateau burning rate trends. The propellants contain a bimodal distribution of AP particles with the size of the coarse and fine particles within narrow ranges whose mean values are widely separated. Two mean sizes of fine particles were considered for the propellant formulations in the present work, namely, 5 and 20 μm. These choices are based on the mid-pressure extinction behavior exhibited by the matrix of fine AP and binder contained in the propellants but when tested alone over a wide range of fine AP size and pressure. The propellants that include the fine AP/binder matrixes exhibiting a mid-pressure extinction, in turn, exhibit the plateau burning rate trends within the corresponding pressure ranges. A plateau is also observed at elevated pressures in the burning rates of some formulations, which is related to the diminishing relative importance of the near-surface leading-edge region of the oxidizer/fuel diffusion flame in the gas-phase combustion zone. The choice of the coarse AP size influences the exact pressure range within the mid-pressure extinction domain of the matrix where the propellant exhibits the plateau burning rate trends. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 73–81, July–August, 2007.     

含高能添加剂的高固含量复合发射药的性能研究

为更好研究高能添加剂对高固含量复合发射药性能的影响,分别制备了含75%(相对于发射药质量而言)高能添加剂[如RDX(黑索今)、HMX(奥克脱今)或CL-20(六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷)]的发射药。研究结果表明:3种发射药中含CL-20的发射药具有相对最高的能量和燃速,其燃烧渐增性也相对最好;高固含量复合发射药的耐热性与高能添加剂有关,但与黏合剂和增塑剂关系不大。     

Two-zone model for combustion of a composite solid propellant with a coolant

A mathematical model for combustion of a propellant with a coolant taking into account the two-zone structure of the combustion front due to condensed- and gas-phase reactions was developed and examined. Formulas for the burning rate, reaction-zone temperature, and burning-rate sensitivity to internal and external parameters of the system were derived in analytical form. The burning rate was examined numerically as a function of pressure, the characteristic size of the system, component content, and thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Recommendations are given on methods of obtaining particular ballistic properties by varying the initial parameters of the system.     

Accumulation of nano-aluminium during combustion of composite solid propellant mixtures

Nano-aluminium particles are produced using the electric wire explosion process in an inert atmosphere at our institute. This paper reports the characterization of nanoaluminium particles in combination with other solid propellant ingredients for their thermal and combustion behaviour. High-heating-rate hot-stage microscopic experiments are performed with different mixtures of propellant ingredients. The effects of addition of nano-aluminium versus micron-sized aluminium in the middle lamina of sandwiches are analyzed for burning rates and by means of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope micrographs of quench-collected aluminium agglomerates. Nano-aluminized sandwiches with thinner middle lamina show slightly higher burning rates than micron-sized aluminized ones. The quenched surface of nano-aluminized sandwiches shows relatively smaller aluminium agglomerates than with micron-sized aluminium. The resultant particle sizes of nano-aluminium agglomerates is in the range of 1–5 μm, which indicates a higher rate of agglomeration than with micro-aluminium, but these sizes are small relative to the agglomerates of the latter. This is also confirmed by quench-collected agglomerates of nano-aluminium emerging from the burning surface of a composite propellant.     

复合固体推进剂中固体填料的安息角测试与仿真

复合固体推进剂含有固体颗粒较多,离散单元法是一种适合固体推进剂生产过程数值仿真的有效方法,颗粒物料的接触参数是保证离散单元法仿真精度的关键。本文以复合固体推进剂的主要组分铝粉和高氯酸铵固体颗粒为研究对象,通过实验测试获得了相关物料的安息角,利用专业离散元软件EDEM仿真模拟了安息角测试实验过程,建立了物料安息角与接触参数之间的联系。研究表明,滚动摩擦系数和滑动摩擦系数越大,安息角越大,物料流动性越差。对比仿真与实验结果,通过逆向反推法确定了物料的滑动摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键接触参数。铝粉与高氯酸铵1∶2混合颗粒的滑动摩擦系数为0.2,滚动摩擦系数为0.05。为固体推进剂加工生产过程离散元数值仿真提供了关键基础数据。