移动测图中DGPS/INS组合定位测姿

介绍了移动测图技术及其系统组成,基于具体的车载移动测图系统,重点探讨了GPS和INS组成的组合定位测姿模块,给出了GPS/INS组合软件流程及解算过程。通过推导系统误差状态方程和量测方程,建立了GPS/INS位置、速度组合滤波模型,并结合野外车载实验数据,对来自GPS和INS的位置和姿态数据进行了组合数据处理,通过精度分析,论证了INS短时高精度的特点及其对GPS信息有益和必要的补充。针对陆地车载测图应用中GPS信号频繁中断,指出仍需增加传感器以辅助GPS/INS完成高精度的位置和姿态测定。     

信息融合技术在INS/GPS/DVL组合导航中的应用研究

为克服某船载导航系统不能满足长时间高精度导航定位需要的缺点,提出了一种基于信息融合技术的INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器组合导航方案.介绍了INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器的工作模式,在建立INS、GPS和DVL误差模型的基础上,推导了滤波器的组合形式,并详细阐述了该联邦滤波器的融合算法.通过计算机仿真技术分析了该组合导航系统的性能,仿真证明了所设计的联邦滤波器可以充分利用各种导航传感器的信息,提高导航系统的精度,比单独的惯性导航系统能提供更为精确的位置、速度和姿态信息,有效地提高了导航系统的综合能力.     

不同GPS/SINS超紧组合框架的分析与等价性推导

GPS和SINS的组合导航系统是实现连续、准确定位的有效方式之一,尤其二者的超紧组合导航方式,在解决GPS接收机的抗干扰和抗动态性能方面效果显著。分别针对基于GPS的I、Q信号层次数据融合的超紧组合结构和惯性信息辅助的超紧组合结构进行分析,在将惯性信息辅助结构演化为联邦形式的组合结构的基础上,对涉及其中的不同组合滤波的状态方程和量测方程深入研究。利用集成和联邦卡尔曼滤波器之间的关系,完成不同超紧框架的趋同等价性证明。仿真结果初步表明,相同初始条件下不同组合方法在定位精度方面具有一致性。     

UKF在深组合GPS/INS导航系统中的应用

采用联邦滤波的深组合GPS/INS导航系统预滤波器量测模型具有很强的非线性,导致扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）的预滤波器估计精度不高。Unscented卡尔曼滤波（UKF）方法是一种非线性分布近似方法,它使用有限数量的sigma点去逼近整个非线性动态系统的分布可能,从而避免了对非线性测量模型进行线性化,具有较高的精度和较好的鲁棒性。在分析深组合导航系统预滤波器模型和UKF原理的基础上,设计了基于UKF滤波算法的预滤波器,对码相位误差、载波相位误差、载波频率误差、载波频率变化率等参数进行估计,同时将UKF和EKF算法进行了仿真比较。结果表明,在深组合导航系统中使用UKF滤波比EKF有更高的导航定位精度。     

一种航天飞行器的INS/CNS自主导航方案

传统的天文导航方法由于受水平基准精度的制约,难以进一步提高定位精度。针对INS/CNS组合导航方法对水平基准依赖的问题,提出了一种新颖的基于星光折射技术的INS/CNS自主组合导航方案。将惯性系下的非线性惯导误差传播方程作为系统状态方程,将星敏感器测得姿态和星光折射信息作为量测,采用UKF滤波算法,构成全面最优的INS/CNS组合导航。仿真结果表明,星敏感器精度为3″时,导航系统的定位精度优于200 m,姿态精度优于3″,导航定位精度随所使用的折射星数目增多明显提高,且方案在系统大角度误差条件下仍然适用。     

GPS/INS组合导航系统中的高斯粒子滤波混和算法

采用非线性滤波器的惯性组合导航系统中,非线性滤波器的精度和实时性直接决定了惯性组合导航系统的性能.计算量和精度之间的矛盾是制约粒子滤波在GPS/INS组合导航系统中应用的主要因素.在分析高斯粒子滤波算法原理的基础上,提出了一种高斯粒子滤波混和算法,对系统线性部分采用线性递推方式,对系统非线性部分采用非线性递推方式,从而提高高斯粒子滤波精度和实时性.针对GPS/INS组合导航系统,混和算法利用卡尔曼滤波的线性递推方式进行量测更新,仿真结果表明混和算法在较少粒子条件下,相对高斯粒子滤波算法精度提高20％,滤波时间降低40％.     

INS/GNSS/Vision组合近距空中加油相对导航算法

针对空中加油近距对接阶段GNSS信号易受遮挡丢失的问题,考虑引入Vision导航系统,提出一种INS/GNSS/Vision组合的高精度容错相对导航系统,为空中加油近距对接任务提供高精度的双机相对导航信息。该系统采用联邦滤波器结构融合导航传感器信息,利用滑动窗口构建时变量测噪声的容错滤波结构,并基于子滤波器协方差的奇异值分块计算信息分配系数。仿真结果表明,所设计的容错导航系统与单独的INS/GNSS和INS/Vision系统相比,相对位置、速度和姿态的估计精度都有所提高;同时在GNSS出现软故障时,系统可以提供稳定、可靠的相对导航信息,有效提高了INS/GNSS/Vision组合近距空中加油相对导航系统的导航精度、鲁棒性和容错性,相对位置精度较基于常规故障隔离联邦滤波算法提高70%以上,满足了空中加油对接导航需求。     

单频GPS/BDS/MEMS IMU紧组合模糊度固定抗差模型

针对高精度GNSS/INS组合定位中,伪距多路径误差严重影响模糊度固定效率及系统定位精度的问题,引入抗差估计函数,建立INS辅助GPS/BDS模糊度快速固定抗差模型。首先建立了单频GPS/BDS/INS紧组合动力学模型以及观测模型,继而研究了紧组合系统INS辅助下GNSS模糊度快速分解模型,分析了伪距观测值粗差对于模糊度参数估值的影响。为减弱异常观测值对于模糊度固定成功率的影响,提出了附有INS定位约束的模糊度解算抗差算法。最后利用实测导航定位数据验证了算法的有效性。结果表明:对比不考虑观测值粗差影响的模糊度固定算法,模糊度固定抗差算法显著提高了模糊度固定的可靠性,抗差算法的模糊度固定效率不受粗差值大小的影响;对于模拟的伪距多粗差情形,抗差算法对GPS/INS、BDS/INS和GPS/BDS/INS三种组合方案的模糊度固定Ratio均值分别提高了100.8%、47.7%以及19.5%;在INS定位松约束条件下,抗差算法提高了模糊度固定成功率。     

一种基于M估计的抗差自适应多模型组合导航算法

针对复杂环境下因量测噪声统计特性时变及量测粗差而引起的组合导航精度下降的问题,提出了一种基于M估计的抗差自适应多模型组合导航算法。所提算法突破了传统交互式多模型算法定结构的限制,凭借所提出的模型集自适应调整策略,能够快速估计量测噪声统计特性,并利用模型概率信息对模型转移概率矩阵进行实时修正;引入了基于M估计的抗差Kalman滤波算法,以提高滤波抗差能力。以SINS/DVL组合导航系统为例,通过仿真和长江试验对所提算法进行了验证,结果表明所提算法有效降低了量测噪声统计特性时变及量测粗差对滤波精度的影响。在长江试验中,所提算法相比AIMM算法,东、北向速度误差和位置误差的均方根误差分别下降了44%、36%和41%、53%,水平定位精度提升了约45.9%,定位精度提升显著。     

遗传算法优化的神经网络在SINS/GPS中的应用

在不增加辅助系统的情况下,针对捷联惯性导航/全球定位组合导航系统(SINS/GPS)在GPS信号不可用时,其定位精度产生较大退化的问题,提出了遗传算法优化的径向基函数神经网络辅助组合导航系统定位的方法。当GPS信号可用时,采用遗传算法对径向基函数神经网络进行优化训练;当GPS信号不可用时,利用遗传算法优化后的径向基函数神经网络预测卡尔曼滤波器量测输入中的速度误差信息,使得卡尔曼滤波器能够继续工作并提供速度校正量。跑车实验表明,通过对速度进行误差补偿能够有效地修正位置误差,以GPS信号断开180 s的结果作分析,纯SINS模式的东向和北向位置误差分别为35.1 m和38.8 m,而本文所提方法的误差分别为10.5 m和7.2 m,其定位精度提高较为显著。     

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构;通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加,WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降,n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73,WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高,但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38,结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa,抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优,磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.