液状强化松香皂胶的性能研究

用高效液相色谱、Ｘ－射线光电子能谱仪和激光粒度分布仪等分析了几种商品液状强化松香皂胶，试制了３个液状强化松香皂胶样品，并详细地研究了它们的理化性质。     

国内分散松香胶现状及发展

1、松香系施胶剂和分散松香胶 施胶度是纸张重要物理指标之一,要达到一定施胶度一般通过浆内施胶和表面施胶两种方法来实现,而松香作为浆内施胶剂一直占有重要位置。松香系施胶剂发展大致经历了以下几个阶段:一是原始褐色松香胶(将普通松香几乎全部皂化,含有极少量游离松香)。二是白色松香皂胶(将松香大部分皂化、部分游离,利用已皂化部分作表面活性剂乳化未皂化松香,游离松香含量一般为20％—30％)。三是强化改性松香皂胶(将松香部分和马来酸酐或富马酸进行加成,增加松香中羧基     

不同浆种对松香皂胶应用性能的影响

考察了不同浆种对3种自制松香皂胶施胶效果的影响,测定了纸浆的表面电荷和总电荷。结果表明:纸浆种类对自制皂胶的施胶性能具有较大的影响,而且施胶效果也与施胶剂、硫酸铝的添加量有关。     

松香皂胶在不同浆种中的应用

本研究对3种种制松香皂胶的在不同浆种中的作用性能进行了考察。结果表明：自制皂胶具有较强的施胶性能，施胶效果不仅与施胶剂、硫酸铝的添加量有关，而且与纸浆的种类有关，对于不同的浆种应选择相应的皂胶。     

歧化松香皂脱色精制工艺研究及脱色机理探讨

针对目前国内市场上歧化松香皂产品颜色过深的问题,深入研究了歧化松香皂脱色的实验方法,确定了SQZ-9脱色方法是一种工艺简单、成本低廉且能显著降低现有歧化松香皂产品颜色的脱色方法,可将特级歧化松香皂的加纳色号从8降至3。根据实验研究结果,在广西梧州松脂股份有限公司进行了歧化松香皂脱色工业中试。针对中试中发现的局部过热和脱色产物透明度下降问题,改进了歧化松香皂脱色工艺,并采用红外、紫外分析手段对其脱色机理进行了分析。     

分散松香胶技术

一、概述分散松香胶是一种新型造纸施胶剂,用来代替传统松香皂胶进行施胶,一般可降低松香用量40～60％,硫酸铝20～70％,增白剂50％,使抄造可以在较高pH值下进行提高成纸强度、白度、施胶度等理化指标。     

分散松香胶技术

一、概述分散松香胶是一种新型造纸施胶剂,用来代替传统松香皂胶进行施胶,一般可降低松香用量40％～60％,硫酸铝20％～70％,增白剂50％,使抄造可以在较高pH值下进行提高成纸强度、白度、施胶度等理化指标。     

松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的研究

用分光光度法研究水中金属离子浓度、pH值和添加不同种类表面活性剂等对松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的影响,并寻找提高松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的方法。实验结果表明:在实验研究的离子浓度范围内(Ca2+浓度0～0.78mmol/L、Mg2+浓度0～0.74mmol/L),水的硬度对松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性没有影响;在偏碱性的水溶液中加入适量非离子表面活性剂可有效提高松香皂乙醇水溶液的稳定性。     

松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的研究

用分光光度法研究水中金属离子浓度、pH值和添加不同种类表面活性剂等对松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的影响，并寻找提高松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性的方法。实验结果表明：在实验研究的离子浓度范围内(Ca^2 浓度0～0．78mmol／L、Mg^2 浓度0～0．74mmol／L)，水的硬度对松香皂乙醇水溶液稳定性没有影响；在偏碱性的水溶液中加入适量非离子表面活性剂可有效提高松香皂乙醇水溶液的稳定性。     

乳状分散松香胶的发展及应用前景

1概述在造纸过程中的施胶是指对浆料、纸张、或纸板进行处理,使其获得抗水、抗墨水、抗油、抗印刷油墨等流体的渗透性能。施胶的方法分两大类,即浆内施胶和表面施胶,而浆内施胶剂品种有松香施胶和合成施胶剂,当今世界应用最广泛的是传统的松香施胶剂。松香施胶剂的应用经历了三个阶段,最早采用天然松香和烧碱或纯碱混合,加热皂化,称为第一代普通松香皂胶;50年代早期美国、日本等国用不饱和酸或酐与天然松香反应然后进行皂化而成,称为第二代强化松香胶;70～80年代开始利用各种乳化剂、分散剂使松香分散于水中,称为第三代松香胶即…     

Detergent action of rosin soaps and fatty acid — Rosin soaps

Summary A method for evaluating the detergent action of soaps has been described and applied to a series of soap solutions. The detergent action of rosin soaps, the effect of compounds present in soap or used with soap on the detergent action of a rosin soap, and the effect of rosin soap on the detergent action of tallow soap have been tested. The effect of temperature on the detergent action of some of the detergent solutions has also been determined. The results of these detergent tests on rosin, fatty acid and fatty acid-rosin soaps indicated the following: (1) Rosin soaps made from different gum rosins, produced from longleaf and slash pine gums, have equal detergent action; (2) The presence of soaps of oxidized rosin acids has no effect on detergent action of the rosin soap; (3) The detergent action of soaps made from pyroabietic acid, abietic acid and hydrogenated rosin parallels their ability to lower the surface tension of water and the amount of hydrogen present in the rosin acids; (4) The addition of builders that increase the alkalinity of the rosin soap solution improves the detergent action of the solution; (5) The blending of rosin soap with tallow soap improves the detergent action of the tallow soap in solutions having a soap concentration of 0.25 percent or more; (6) Temperature affects the detergent action of rosin and coconut oil soaps more than tallow soap.     

歧化松香钾皂生产状况

介绍了熔融法、溶剂法和松脂直接歧化法等歧化松香的生产技术路线以及松香歧化催化剂的研究进展。概述了国内歧化松香钾皂的合成工艺以及市场现状,提出了提高歧化松香钾皂的质量以及积极拓展国外市场等建议。     

The germicidal activity of rosin soap and fatty acid-rosin soap as indicated by hand-washing experiments

Summary and Conclusions Price’s procedure as slightly modified (4) was used for studying the germicidal action of cleaning agents on the hands and showed that rosin soap and a commercial soap containing rosin were more active germicidally on the bacteria normally found on human skin than the usual commercial fatty acid soaps free from rosin soap. The experiments indicate that the lather of a 10-percent coconut oil soap solution and of a 10-percent coconut oil-rosin soap solution are germicidally active against the organisms removed. However, three 2-minute washes with these soap solutions had little effect on the bacteria not removed from the hands. The use of a 10-percent rosin soap solution in the same manner had a marked germicidal effect against both the organisms removed and those remaining. The lather of a commercial soap containing rosin soap was shown to be germicidally active, but three 2-minute washes had only a slight effect on the resident flora. However, the regular use of this soap daily for one week led to substantial reduction of both the transient and resident flora of the hands. The evidence of germicidal activity of rosin soaps and soaps containing rosin, both with regard to these hand-washing experiments and the “in vitro” (7) experiments, indicates that wider consideration might well be given this type of soap where germicidal activity is of importance. L. S. Stuart was employed in the Industrial-Farm Products Research Division when this work was done.     

Foaming properties of rosin soap and their comparison with those of fatty acid soaps

Summary The foam production of soaps made from rosin, modified rosins, and rosin acids were evaluated. The foam production of rosin soaps was compared with soaps made from the individual fatty acids. There was no difference in the foaming properties of soaps made from longleaf and slash pine rosin. Oxidation of the unstable rosin acids in rosin caused the foaming properties of the rosin soap to become more nearly proportional to the concentration. The more hydrogen present in the rosin acid molecule the greater were the foaming properties of the rosin soap. At temperatures between 200° C. and 275° C., the lower the temperature employed for producing pyroabietic acid catalytically, the greater were the foaming properties of the pyroabietic acid soap. There was a difference in the foaming properties of commercial stabilized rosins. In foaming properties the soaps made from rosins, modified rosins, and rosin acids were more like sodium laurate than the other individual fatty acid soaps tested. The author wishes to express his indebtedness to to Dr. G. S. Jamieson and W. G. Rose of the Agricultural Chemical Research Division for the pure lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid used in this study.     

Rosin/acid oil-based liquid soap

Soapstock was converted into a liquid soap from its acid oil and formulated with varying amounts of rosin. The characteristics of the acid oil and rosin were experimentally estimated. Liquid soaps were characterized by density, pH, total fatty matter, free caustic alkali, critical micelle concentration, foaming capacity, wetting power, and washing performance. The foaming results indicated that the liquid soap is best used as an ingredient in a washing-machine detergent. The dark aspect of a formulation with 10% rosin precluded higher substitution.     

Use of modified rosins in soap

Summary We have endeavored to show the advantages that rosins modified by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, or polymerization have over ordinary rosins when used in soap. Ordinary rosin darkens in color upon oxidation. The modified rosins are not as susceptible to oxidation, and, therefore, soaps made using them do not darken in color to any greater extent than is normal for a soap made from the same fat stock but without rosin. The modified rosins when used as a replacement for part of the fat in soap making increase the rate of solubility of soap to a greater extent than do the ordinary rosins. They also show a slight advantage on the amount and stability of the lather. Hydrogenated rosin should be considered wherever germicidal value is desired since it contains a large proportion of tetra- and di-hydroabietic acids which have been shown by other investigators to have greater germicidal activity than the ordinary rosin acids or the fatty acids. The addition of modified rosins increase the wetting action of fatty acid soaps. It is indicated that up to 50% of modified rosin can be added to soap without decreasing detergent action, which, taken together with its other beneficial properties, makes it an ideal extender for fatty soap stocks. Chairman, Committee D-12 on Soap and Other Detergents of the American Society for Testing Materials.     

Surface tension of rosin soap solutions

Summary The surface tension of soap solutions made from rosins and rosin acids has been measured and the surface tension of fatty acid soap solutions and fatty acidresin soap solutions have been measured and compared.     

Physical-chemical properties of tall-oil soap solutions

Summary Acid-refined tall-oil was separated into resin acid and fatty acids of approximately 94% purity, made into soaps, and compared with those made from oleic acid and rosin. Tall-oil resin-acid soap and rosin soap are roughly comparable in dispersing power and lowering of surface tension and interfacial tension. The tall-oil fatty-acid soap shows some points of inferiority to sodium oleate, as might reasonably be expected because of its greater unsaturation. Presented at 113th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Ill., April 14–23, 1948.