兴蒙—吉黑造山带C/P界线参考剖面

根据<国际地层表(2004)>C/P界线的划分方案,兴蒙-吉黑造山带一些已知剖面C/P界线附近的(竹蜓)化石带与我国西南地区的一些典型剖面具有可比性.代表性剖面有吉林省永吉黄榆剖面、吉林省双阳光屁股山剖面、内蒙西乌旗米韩高巧高鲁剖面,这些剖面在C/P界线附近岩石地层学普遍为单一的碳酸岩相.生物地层学表现为以(竹蜓) P. uddeni带或P. borealis带的代表性分子或其主要成员覆盖在Triticites带之上,与贵州罗甸、紫云场、云南安乐、广西宜山等知名剖面均具有一定的相似性.因此,可将P.uddeni带底界作为本区C/P界线.     

云南梅树村前寒武系-寒武系界线剖面硅同位素研究

云南梅树村前寒武系-寒武系界线剖面是研究前寒武系-寒武系界线层型最重要的国际候选剖面之一。本文首次系统地研究了硅同位素在剖面中的变化规律,指出“C”点附近“界线粘土层”为火山成因,“B”点至“C”点之间有海底喷气活动;“C”点附近的δ~(13)C,δ~(18)O负异常与生物大量活动有关,而非“灾变”所致。     

陕西段家坡黄土剖面中布容／松山古地磁界线附近铱异常的发现及其启示

利用高灵敏度放射化学中子活化分析方法,对我国陕西段家坡黄土剖面早－中更新统（约０．７３Ｍａ）沉积界线附近铱和其它元素的丰度进行了测定。结果表明,在布容／松山（Ｂ／Ｍ）古地磁界线附近铱的含量明显增大,最大值为４６．３ｐｇ／ｇ。相对于整个剖面的平均背景值（约１５ｐｇ／ｇ）大约富集了３倍。用地壳元素钪进行标准化之后,铱异常十分明显,而其它元素在界线附近则没有变化。黄土剖面上铱异常的赋存层位与西南太平洋钻     

云南梅树村前寒武系—寒武系界线部面硅同位素研究

云南梅树村前寒武秒－寒武系界线剖面是研究前寒武系－寒武系界线层型最重要的国际候选剖面之一。本文首次系统地研究硅同位素在剖面中的变化规律，指出“Ｃ”点附近“界线粘土层”为火山成因，“Ｂ”点至“Ｃ”点之间有海底喷气活动；“Ｃ”点附近的δ＾１３Ｃ，δ＾１８Ｏ负异常与生物大量活动有关，而非“灾变”所致。     

黔东南Oryctocephalus indicus的分布及其意义

本文通过对黔东南两条新测剖面的整理、已有剖面的进一步挖掘和已有剖面的资料的整理,厘定出几个寒武系第三统底界附近有代表意义的三叶虫属种在这些剖面中产出层位。经过对比研究,认为Oryctocephalus indicus在黔东南分布广泛,个体清晰,层位稳定并延伸较长,可以作为很好的标准化石。     

中国石炭系中间界线生物地层研究新进展

介绍了石灰系中间界线的演变沿革和最新定义,概述了我国石炭系中间界线附近的生物地层研究进展,指出我国桂北和黔南的纳缪尔期地层剖面可望成为全球性的石炭系中间界线层型剖面。     

华南下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石相的分异与全球下/中奥陶统界线生物标志的选择

通过对宜昌黄花场(扬子地台中部)大湾组剖面和重庆城口(扬子地台北部)的湄潭组剖面笔石动物群特征的分析,结合江西崇义地区(盆地相)、江南过渡带笔石动物群的研究成果,讨论了华南下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石相分异的现象,并探讨了下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物和牙形石的相互关系。认为宜昌黄花场剖面完全具备建立全球下／中奥陶统界线层型剖面和点(GSSP)的条件,牙形石B.triangularis的首次出现(FAD)是良好的界线生物标志。     

贵州长顺睦化泥盆—石炭系界线层型研究的新进展——介绍大坡上泥盆—石炭系界线剖面

贵州长顺睦化大坡上剖面,是一条不可多得的泥盆—石炭系界线剖面。该剖面泥盆—石炭系界线附近地层不仅沉积连续,发育齐全,而且出露良好,化石丰富,属深水盆地相。该剖面除产有丰富的菊石、三叶虫、介形虫、微体脊椎动物等化石外,还有丰富多彩的牙形石动物,具有世界上最为连续完全的牙形石带。尤其值得指出的是,大坡上剖面的上praesulcata带中产有典型的Siphonodella praesulcata以及S.praesulcata与S.rulcata之间的过渡型分子,这表明该剖面不仅可以精确确定泥盆—石炭系界线的位置,而且还可以实际证明S.pracsulcata与S.sulcata之间的真实的演化关系。本文除详细介绍大坡上剖面泥盆—石炭系界线附近地层的发育情况外,还将该剖面与我国其它两条国际泥盆—石炭系界线层型候选剖面——贵州睦化剖面和桂林南边村剖面进行了比较和讨论。笔者认为,贵州长顺睦化大坡上剖面明显优于贵州睦化剖面和桂林南边村剖面,可以推荐为国际泥盆—石炭系界线层型候选剖面。     

广西中-上泥盆统界线附近的化学地层学特征

中国广西是世界上泥盆系发育最好的地区之一 ,沉积相齐全、出露良好 ,是进行地层学及沉积相研究的理想地区。大乐剖面与马鞍山剖面直线距离约为 7km,根据生物地层学的研究 ,两剖面中 -上泥盆统 (D2 - D3 )界线附近发生了明显的穿时现象。化学地层学的研究表明在这两条剖面上的界线附近 disparilis带内碳同位素组成发生了明显的两次负向波动 ,波动幅度分别可达 1.1‰和 0 .8‰ (马鞍山军田剖面 )和 1.5‰和 1.3‰ (大乐剖面 ) ;两条剖面上该牙形石化石带内及上下地层中元素锶 (Sr)的含量波动趋势同样可以很好地对比 ,本研究结果显示了岩石地层学界线的穿时现象并纠正了以往用岩石地层学特征划定 D2 - D3 界线的错误     

黔桂地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩研究

对贵州断杉、纳水以及广西柳桥3条深水相剖面上的二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩的研究结果表明,在断杉、柳桥剖面黏土岩中的黏土矿物主要由伊-蒙混层、蒙脱石和高岭石组成,碎屑物质中存在六方双锥石英、锆石等与火山活动有关的矿物;在纳水剖面黏土岩中未发现与火山活动有关的迹象.由此可知华南大部分地区在晚二叠世曾受强烈的火山作用影响,但也有少部分深水相地区未受影响或影响很小.同是深水相P-T界线剖面附近的黏土岩以及同一剖面不同层位的黏土岩中的黏土矿物和碎屑物质存在较大的差异,其原因可能是与火山作用的强弱、离火山活动中心的远近以及所处地理位置有关.     

我国一些地区海绿石的矿物学研究

本文对七个地区的海绿石矿物学特征进行了较详细地研究,并讨论了它们之间的变化关系。海绿石样品采集地点和层位见表1。     

东海沉积物中海绿石的研究

关于东海现代沉积物中的海绿石,前人曾有过报道,但都限于一般性的描述。近年来我们对东海表层沉积物中的海绿石进行了较为系统的研究,工作范围为东经121°-129°,北纬26°30′-32°00′,样品233个。分别进行了镜下鉴定、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察,并以多晶X-射线衍射法,化学全分析、差热分析、红外吸收光谱和电子探针等方法进行较系统的矿物学研究。本文就东海表层沉积物中海绿石的矿物学特征,产状及分布进行阐述,并对其成因作了初步的探讨。     

Compositional variation within some glauconites and illites and implications for their stability and origins

Textural, mineralogical and chemical data are presented for glauconites and illites from the Lower Cretaceous Glauconitic Sand Formation, Alberta, Canada. Single crystal analyses by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) indicate that both glauconite (29 analyses) and illite (44 analyses) correspond very closely to ideal dioctahedral structures. Al dominates the octahedral sheet in illite. Very extensive A1 for Fe^III substitution was also found in some of the glauconites, much more than previously recorded. The dioctahedral mica structure is clearly very stable and flexible with respect to A1 for Fe^III substitution. Iron-poor glauconites were found associated with pyrite. We believe that glauconites tend to lose iron progressively during burial diagenesis, especially where pore water iron activities are low (high HS^? activity and low Eh). It seems probable that A1 for Si tetrahedral substitution also takes place during diagenesis with consequent loss of swelling properties. This is the same trend which is responsible for conversion of smectite to illite. Glauconite forms only where sediments reside for lengthy periods at the interface between oxidizing and reducing environments, where Fe³⁺ is transiently available in solution. Related marine and terrestrial nontronites also form only in similar ‘interface’ environments.     

Geochemistry of approximately 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada

Fifty-eight rock chips from fifteen samples of sedimentary rocks from the Ramah Group (approximately 1.9 Ga) in northeastern Labrador, Canada, were analyzed for major and minor elements, including C and S, to elucidate weathering processes on the Earth's surface about 1.9 Ga ago. The samples come from the Rowsell Harbour, Reddick Bight, and Nullataktok Formations. Two rock series, graywackes-gray shales of the Rowsell Harbour, Reddick Bight and Nullataktok Formations, and black shales of the Nullataktok Formation, are distinguishable on the basis of lithology, mineralogy, and major and trace element chemistry. The black shales show lower concentrations than the graywackes-gray shales in TiO2 (0.3-0.7 wt% vs. 0.7-1.8 wt%), Al2O3 (9.5-20.1 wt% vs. 13.0-25.0 wt%), and sigma Fe (<1 wt% vs. 3.8-13.9 wt% as FeO). Contents of Zr, Th, U, Nb, Ce, Y, Rb, Y, Co, and Ni are also lower in the black shales. The source rocks for the Ramah Group sediments were probably Archean gneisses with compositions similar to those in Labrador and western Greenland. The major element chemistry of source rocks for the Ramah Group sedimentary rocks was estimated from the Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of the sedimentary rocks and the relationship between the major element contents (e.g., SiO2 wt%) and Al2O3/TiO2 ratios of the Archean gneisses. This approach is justified, because the Al/Ti ratios of shales generally retain their source rock values; however, the Zr/Al, Zr/Ti, and Cr/Ni ratios fractionate during the transport of sediments. The measured SiO2 contents of shales in the Ramah Group are generally higher than the estimated SiO2 contents of source rocks by approximately 5 wt%. This correction may also have to be applied when estimating average crustal compositions from shales. Two provenances were recognized for the Ramah Group sediments. Provenance I was comprised mostly of rocks of bimodal compositions, one with SiO2 contents approximately 45 wt% and the other approximately 65 wt%, and was the source for most sedimentary rocks of the Ramah Group, except for black shales of the Nullataktok Formation. The black shales were apparently derived from Provenance II that was comprised mostly of felsic rocks with SiO2 contents approximately 65 wt%. Comparing the compositions of the Ramah Group sedimentary rocks and their source rocks, we have recognized that several major elements, especially Ca and Mg, were lost almost entirely from the source rocks during weathering and sedimentation. Sodium and potassium were also leached almost entirely during the weathering of the source rocks. However, significant amounts of Na were added to the black shales and K to all the rock types during diagenesis and/or regional metamorphism. The intensity of weathering of source rocks for the Ramah Group sediments was much higher than that of typical Phanerozoic sediments, possibly because of a higher PCO2 in the Proterozoic atmosphere. Compared to the source rock values, the Fe3+/Ti ratios of many of the graywackes and gray shales of the Ramah Group are higher, the Fe2+/Ti ratios are lower, and the sigma Fe/Ti ratios are the same. Such characteristics of the Fe geochemistry indicate that these sedimentary rocks are comprised of soils formed by weathering of source rocks under an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The atmosphere about 1.9 Ga was, therefore, oxygen rich. Typical black shales of Phanerozoic age exhibit positive correlations between the organic C contents and the concentrations of S, U, and Mo, because these elements are enriched in oxygenated seawater and are removed from seawater by organic matter in sediments. However, such correlations are not found in the Ramah Group sediments. Black shales of the Ramah Group contain 1.7-2.8 wt% organic C, but are extremely depleted in sigma Fe (<1 wt% as FeO), S (<0.3 wt%), U (approximately l ppm), Mo (<5 ppm), Ni (<2 ppm), and Co (approximately 0 ppm). This lack of correlation, however, does not imply that the approximately 1.9 Ga atmosphere-ocean system was anoxic. Depletion of these elements from the Ramah Group sediments may have occurred during diagenesis.     

河北卢龙武山寒武系-奥陶系界线粘土矿物研究

河北卢龙武山寒武系-奥陶系界线剖面暴露良好、沉积连续、具有典型海相沉积特征以及丰富的古生物标准化石(如三叶虫和牙形刺等),因此该处受到许多地质研究人员的重视并被选为华北型寒武系-奥陶系界线层型剖面的地点。本文配合寒武系-奥陶系界线层型剖面的研究,对界线附近地层的粘土矿物进行了鉴定并探讨了古沉积环境。     

Ocean-Continent Subduction within the Paleotethyan Archiopeligic Ocean from Mineralogical Evidence of Muztag Ophiolite, Eastern Kunlun Mountain, China

TheMuztagophioliteisdistributeddiscontinu ouslyalongthewest easttrendingMuztag Jingyuhu faultzoneintheEasternKunlunMountainofXin jiangUygurAutonomousRegion(Fig.1).The mountainiscomposedoftwoprincipalunitsofmeta morphicperidotitesandcumulates(Molnaretal.,1…     

Application of Glauconite Sedimentary Geochronology

Glauconite is widely distributed in space and time.In China glauconite-bearing strata are extensive occurrence ranging from Late Cretaceous to Middle Proterozoic in age.X-ray powder analysis,X-ray diffracition analysis and differential thermal analysis revealed that glauconite has a mica-type structure between dioctahedron and trioctahedron.Its chemical composition is:Al2O310.6%,SiO249.23%,MgO3.24%,Fe2O317.40%,FeO1.8%,and K2O7.92%,Its crystal form and thermal properties are very similar to those of mica-like clay minerls.According to isotopic age determinations of glauconite in modern oceans (including the East China Sea,the South China Sea and the Yellow Sea),we consider that in the extreme case glauconite is an authigenic mineral.It is generally formed in sedimentary rocks.Is has further proved that glauconite can be used to determine the ages of sedimentary rocks.     

Geochemistry of Sedimentation and Diagenesis in Qixia Formation (Early Permian) of Badong,Hubei Province, China: Implications for T-R Cycle Interpretation

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｉａｇｅｎｅｓｉｓａｒｅｔｗｏｍａｊｏｒｆａｃｔｏｒｓｃｏｎ－ｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｔｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｃａｒｂｏｎ－ａｔｅｓ．Ｐｒｏ...     

塔东地区古城4井上寒武统—中、上奥陶统流体地球化学示踪

通过对塔东地区古城4井上寒武统和中、上奥陶统碳酸盐岩围岩及充填物的碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学和流体包裹体成分的对比研究表明,充填于中、上奥陶统和上寒武统的流体分属于2个不同来源的流体体系。充填于中、上奥陶统灰岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)介于0.7084~0.7088,它与早奥陶世海水的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)相近;流体体系为CH4-H2O体系;充填物与围岩间具有明显的碳、氧同位素差异,表明上部流体体系中的流体来自于奥陶系地层本身。上寒武统白云岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)为0.7138,明显地高于同时代海水的锶同位素值;流体体系为CO2-H2O体系;下部流体体系中的流体为外来富锶流体。上、下流体体系间互不连通暗示着上寒武统地层具有相对较好的保存条件。     

长江口地区绿色颗粒的矿物学研究

本文对长江下游河道、长江口现代沉积区、口外残留砂沉积区及大陆架现代沉积区表层沉积物中的绿色颗粒进行了系统的矿物学研究。特别运用透射间和能谱分析对其内部超微结构、单晶结构和单晶化学组成进行了研究。长江口地区的绿色颗粒从宏观形态上可分为三类：颗粒状、书页状和生物状，不同的形态者，其形成机制基本相同，只是微晶聚集的微空间环境不同。绿色颗粒的颜色和成熟度有较密切的关系，颜色愈深，K和Fe含量愈高。其成熟度也愈高，K2O含量为3－7％，仅少数可达8.5％。绿色颗粒主要矿物成分为海绿石、鲕绿泥石、磁绿泥石和蒙4皂石。其中以海绿石为主，因此是一种复合型绿色颗粒。不同形态及不同沉积亚环境中绿色颗粒的矿物成分并无太大差别。