Identification of a Strong Promoter of Bacteriophage MB78 that Lacks Consensus Sequence Around Minus 35 Region and Interacts with Phage Specific Factor

A strong promoter of bacteriophage MB78 does not have minus 35 consensus sequence although it has a TGn motif immediately upstream of minus 10 sequence as well as the AT rich UP element. It is efficiently recognised by the sigma 70 RNA polymerase, however, a phage-specific factor competes with sigma 70 RNA polymerase for binding to this region, the binding of the factor being stronger than that of the polymerase. Contrary to the reports in the literature the polymerase appears not to bind to the UP element whereas the phage-specific factor does. The latter seems to be involved in the regulation of the promoter activity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Multiple Copies of the Upstream Regulatory Region of the Major Capsid Protein Gene of Bacteriophage MB78 Inhibit Phage Morphogenesis

The 2.311 kb EcoRI F fragment of bacteriophage MB78 has been cloned in multicopy vectors pUC19 and pCR90. Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying such plasmids cannot support development of phage MB78 while other Salmonella phages like P22 and 9NA grow normally. Most of the phage MB78 induced functions are normal in such transformed hosts but proper maturation of the phage particles does not take place. Deletion of 138 bp from the 3 end of the cloned fragment reverses the inhibitory effect. Analysis of nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of a 1.2 kb HindIII-SalI fragment of the phage genome which overlaps the 138 bp confirms that this part contains the upstream regulatory region of the major structural protein gene. It seems that in presence of multiple copies of the upstream regulatory region (which includes a number of promoter like sequence) of the coat protein gene, the maturase gene is down regulated and this is effective only in cis, a situation quite similar to that of Q RNA phages.     

Expression of Four Genes of Bacteriophage MB78 from Contiguous Open Reading Frames: The Genomic Organization as Deduced by Sequence Analysis

Four proteins of bacteriophage MB78 having apparent molecular weights as 35, 14, 21 and 16 kDa are expressed from 3.9 kb SalI-HindIII fragment located almost in the middle of the phage genome. Analysis of the sequence supported by some experimental evidences suggest that these four proteins are expressed from polycistronic message without any intercistronic gap. Stop and start codons of consecutive ORFs overlap and rare initiation codons are used. Computer analysis of the sequence suggests the presence of two more open reading frames within the ORFs of 35 and 16 kDa proteins but in the opposite orientation, i.e. in the complementary strand.     

Temperature Sensitive Mutation in the 38 kDa Minor Structural Protein Gene of Phage MB78 Interferes with Phage Morphogenesis

Temperature sensitive mutation in the gene for the 38 kDa minor structural protein of the phage MB78, a virulent phage of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, interferes with phage development at restrictive temperature. Electron microscopy of particles produced at non-permissive temperature indicated that the particles formed are tailless. Two types of particles are seen: (i) empty capsids, which are not perfect icosahedral (ii) icosahedral particles filled with DNA. The gene for the 38 kDa protein is located in the SalIG fragment of the phage genome. Nucleotide sequence of the SalIG fragment of MB78 as well as its temperature sensitive mutant has been determined and analysed. Such analysis indicated that in the mutant the codon GCA has been changed to GTA resulting in substitution of alanine at position 75 of the protein by valine (A75V). This makes the protein thermolabile. Our results suggest that normal functioning of this 38 kDa protein is necessary for attachment of tail fibre to the capsid. Or in other words, this 38 kDa protein is involved in phage morphogenesis.     

Distribution of Antigens Detected with MB1, MB2 and MB3 on Non-hematopoietic Human Organs and Various Tumors

We have examined the distribution of antigens detected by MB1, MB2 and MB3 on non-hematopoietic normal human tissues and various types of benign and malignant tumors. MB1 and MB2 reacted with various organs, such as the epithelium of various glands, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and peripheral nerve tissue. The distributions of these two antibodies were essentially identical. Reactivity with MB3 was confined to the ductal eDithelium of salivary glands, the pancreas, and sweat glands, and the cortex of the adrenal gland. lmmunoblotting analysis demonstrated that MB1 and MB2 reacted with a few bands of an extract of myometrial cytoskeletal fraction and salivary gland cytosol fraction, whereas MB3 failed to show any bands on these materials. The reactivities of MB1 and MB2 with various neoplasms were similar to those in normal organs, with slight variations of staining pattern and preponderance in well differentiated tumors. Exceptionally, carcinoid tumor and small round cell tumors, such as small cell carcinoma or neuroblastoma, were not reactive with MB1 and MB2. MB3 reacted with several cases of well differentiated benign and malignant epithelial tumors in various organs, and exceptional cases of malignant schwannoma and glioma. These results indicate that the antigens detected by MB1 and MB2 are distributed broadly on non-hematopoietic normal organs, whereas those detected by MB3 are confined to exceptional cases of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors. Thus, although the use of MB1, MB2 and MB3 is of little value for differential diagnosis of various tumors, these three antibodies may be useful for determining of the origin of some tumor types. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 339–346, 1992.     

轮状病毒VP7基因的克隆与表达

目的构建轮状病毒VP7的重组表达质粒，在大肠杆菌中对其进行表达。方法克隆编码轮状病毒VP7的基因，并在原核表达系统中表达了带有6xHis标签的融合蛋白。结果经双酶切鉴定和基因测序证明成功重组了轮状病毒VP7基因的pQE-30重组质粒；蛋白质PAGE电泳表明，获得了分子量约为48000Mr的蛋白质。结论本研究获得了重组的轮状病毒VP7蛋白。     

Cloning, Expression, and Partial Purification of Rep78: An Adeno-Associated Virus Replication Protein

Using the vaccinia virus/T7-RNA polymerase transient protein expression system, the AAV Rep78 protein was expressed in mammalian cells. Rep78 protein was found localized primarily to the nucleus of cells. Maximal steady-state protein levels were reached as early as 12 hr postinfection, with no discernable increase at later time points. The Rep78 protein has been partially purified from nuclear extracts of the expression system. We have successfully used the cloned, purified Rep78 protein to complement an uninfected HeLa cell extract in an in vitro AAV DNA replication assay. Rep78-containing fractions are sufficient to make an uninfected HeLa cell extract competent for AAV DNA replication.     

人GRP78蛋白的原核表达、纯化及抗原活性鉴定

目的:构建原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-1 -GRP78,诱导表达、纯化后检测GRP78蛋白的抗原活性.方法:利用PCR方法从本实验室已构建的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)上扩增GRP78基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建重组载体pGEX-4T-1 -GRP78.转化至大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)中诱导表达,再将所表达的融合蛋白进行纯化.经SDS-PAGE分析后,将所得产物用Thrombin切割;进一步包板后用ELISA法对其抗原活性进行评价.结果:酶切和测序结果均证实GRP78原核表达载体构建正确,可诱导表达;ELISA检测显示纯化后的人GRP78抗原具有免疫原性.结论:成功构建了人GRP78基因的原核表达载体,获得了纯化的GRP78蛋白,该蛋白具有良好的抗原活性,为进一步研究以GRP78为基础的肝细胞癌的血清学检测提供了抗原.     

腺病毒通用晚期表达盒的构建及4型腺病毒右侧末端片段克隆及测序

在腺病毒载体的构建过程中，早期和晚期启动子的选择、构建以及去除末端蛋白（ＴＰ）、克隆末端序列是至关重要的。我们构建了腺病毒通用晚期表达盒，应用改良的碱变性法克隆了４型腺病毒右侧小片段（９６．１－１００图谱单位），并对末端颠倒重复序列（ＩＴＲ）进行了测序，为５型腺病毒载体的改建和４型腺病毒载体的构建打下了基础。     

一种新槲寄生蛋白A链的基因克隆及序列分析

目的克隆槲寄生蛋白具有N-糖苷酶活性的毒性A链。方法利用硫酸铵沉淀、亲和色谱和离子交换色谱法,从吉林产槲寄生[Viscum coloratum(Komar．)Nakai]中提取、分离、纯化其中具有半乳糖结合活性的蛋白质成分。采用SDS-PAGE分析纯化的蛋白样品,蛋白条带转印至PVDF膜后,Edman降解法测定肽链的N端序列。由测序结果设计引物,利用RT-PCR方法克隆一种蛋白A链的基因。结果从槲寄生中纯化出两种高毒性的蛋白质新成分CM-1、CM-2,其中CM-1 A链被克隆并测序,其与白果槲寄生蛋白A链的同源性较高。结论一种新槲寄生蛋白A链的基因被成功克隆。     

人骨形成蛋白2基因克隆及真核表达载体的构建

在大肠杆菌中克隆人骨形成蛋白2基因并获得真核表达载体。由人成骨瘤细胞中提取总RNA，利用逆转录PCR方法扩增获得人骨形成蛋白2基因cDNA；将此基因片段重组到pGEM-T克隆载体中，转化到大肠杆菌DH5α后，蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆，利用限制性酶切、PCR扩增和核苷酸序列分析鉴定重组质粒；将pGEM-T克隆载体中人骨形成蛋白2基因重组到pcDNA3．1真核表达载体中，用限制性酶切和PCR扩增鉴定重组质粒。结果表明：重组在两种质粒中的基因片段为人骨形成蛋白2基因全编码序列。克隆获得人骨形成蛋白2基因．并得到此基因的真核表达载体，为人骨形成蛋白2的表达打下了基础。     

Cloning and Expression of a Helicobacter bilis Immunoreactive Protein

In an effort to identify immunoreactive Helicobacter bilis antigens with potential for serodiagnosis, sera from mice experimentally infected with H. bilis were used to screen an H. bilis genomic DNA expression library. Among 17 immunoreactive clones, several contained sequences that encoded a predicted 167-kDa protein (P167). Five overlapping P167 peptides (P167A to P167E) of approximately 40 kDa each were generated and tested. Immune sera reacted with fragments P167C and P167D at dilutions of 1:1,600 and 1:6,400, respectively, and reacted with an H. bilis membrane extract at a dilution of 1:800 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from mice experimentally infected with H. hepaticus did not react with P167C and P167D. Sera from mice naturally infected with H. bilis but not sera from mice naturally infected with H. hepaticus reacted with P167C and P167D. Hyperimmune sera against P167C peptide reacted with recombinant P167C and with a 120-kDa band in H. bilis lysates but did not react with a protein of the same size on immunoblots prepared from H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, or unrelated Borrelia burgdorferi and Campylobacter jejuni whole-cell lysates. Nevertheless, the P167A, P167B, P167C, and P167D primers, but not the P167E primers, amplified DNA from H. hepaticus, and all five primer sets amplified DNA from H. muridarum. These results suggest that P167 is an immunodominant, H. bilis-specific antigen that may have potential for use in serodiagnosis.     

"牵引丝蛋白基因"单体六聚物的克隆与原核表达

目的克隆与原核表达“牵引丝蛋白基因”单体六聚物,为开展具有不同长度系列的“牵引丝蛋白基因”单体多聚物的功能研究奠定基础。方法以“牵引丝蛋白基因”单体为基础,利用同尾酶聚合法构建含“牵引丝蛋白基因”单体六聚物的重组克隆质粒pUC18-6 S和重组原核表达质粒pET-28 a( )-6S。将pET-28 a( )-6 S转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主细胞感受态菌中,利用IPTG进行诱导。结果重组克隆质粒pUC18-6 S和重组原核表达质粒pET-28 a( )-6 S的测序结果与预期设计序列相同;SDS-PAGE结果发现,目的基因以包涵体的形式表达;薄层扫描分析结果表明,6 S蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的19%。结论克隆获得了“牵引丝蛋白基因”单体六聚物的重组克隆质粒和重组表达质粒,且重组表达质粒在原核系统中以包涵体的形式表达6 S蛋白。     

Cloning,Expression and Sequence Analysis of the Classical Swine Fever Virus Nucleocapsid Protein

The DNA complementary to the 5′-terminal 1929 nucleotides of classical swine fever virus (CSFV; alias hog cholera virus, HCV) LPC vaccine strain RNA was cloned and sequenced. The sequence encompasses a 5′-noncoding region (NCR) of 264 nucleotides and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1665 nucleotides. The cloned sequence contains genes of four viral proteins, P23, nucleocapsid (core) protein, E0 and part of E1 proteins. Alignment of the 5′-terminal 1929 nucleotides of LPC strain with other strains of CSFV showed well conservation and a homology as high as 84–95% was found between these strains. The cDNA of CSFV-LPC core was cloned into an expression vector, and a fusion protein of 38.5 kDa was obtained which reacted strongly to CSFV antiserum. Purification of the core fusion protein was achieved by a single-step affinity chromatography and the purified product could be recognized by the sera of CSFV-infected swine in ELISA assay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5′-terminal 1929 nucleotides between pestiviruses revealed that the 5′-end region seems to be suitable for differentiation of different strains of CSFV. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大鼠钙结合蛋白S100A9基因克隆、表达及纯化研究

目的构建大鼠钙结合蛋白S100A9的原核表达质粒并获得纯化重组蛋白。方法根据大鼠S100A9基因mRNA序列,设计PCR引物,常规扩增后重组连入原核表达载体pET32a,并进行序列测定。利用异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)和不同温度诱导表达,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)鉴定结果,并亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。结果 PCR扩增获得的条带与预期的DNA表达片段大小一致,克隆构建了pET-32a-S100A9原核表达载体,测序结果与预期完全一致,经亲和层析纯化获得毫克级纯化重组蛋白,并发现该蛋白在21℃有比较强的表达。结论为进一步探讨S100A9蛋白生物学功能奠定基础。     

白芍总苷预处理对乳鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞糖调节蛋白78、增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白、caspase-12表达及凋亡的影响

目的:观察白芍总苷(TGP)预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、caspase-12表达及凋亡的影响。方法:差速贴壁法培养的乳鼠心肌细胞,随机分为正常对照组、白芍总苷组、缺血再灌注组(缺氧3 h,复氧1 h)、心肌缺血再灌注+低、中、高剂量白芍总苷组终浓度为25、50、100mg/L预处理24 h后,再置于上述缺氧复氧环境中培养,MTT法检测各组活细胞数、流式细胞仪检测各组心肌细胞凋亡率,免疫印迹检测细胞GRP78、CHOP、caspase-12蛋白表达。结果:与缺血再灌注组相比,白芍总苷对降低GRP78、CHOP、caspase-12蛋白表达、提升心肌细胞存活率并降低细胞凋亡率呈浓度依赖性。结论:白芍总苷对乳鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注具有提高心肌细胞存活率和降低细胞凋亡率作用,其机制可能与抑制心肌细胞内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78表达,下凋CHOP、caspase-12水平等有关。     

脂肪细胞新蛋白My027原核表达、纯化及生物活性研究

目的通过原核表达获得大量脂肪新蛋白质My027,并在体外初步研究其生物活性。方法RT-PCR法扩增出My027片段,插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2,构建质粒pGEX-My027。转化BL-21菌,IPTG低温诱导表达融合蛋白,经亲和层析法获得融合蛋白,利用SDS-PAGE、Western印迹及质谱进行鉴定。在还原性谷胱甘肽存在的条件下,将纯化得到的融合蛋白作用于乙二醛酶Ⅰ的底物甲基乙二醛,通过分光光度法检测产物乳酸谷胱甘肽的生成。结果融合蛋白以水溶形式分泌于大肠埃希菌BL-21胞浆中,纯化后的目的蛋白SDS-PAGE、Western印迹及质谱证实高效表达,氨基酸序列正确。结论人脂肪细胞新蛋白质My027在pGEX-4T-2原核表达载体中可获高效表达,所纯化蛋白具有类似于乙二醛酶Ⅰ的作用。