鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上三叠统延长组物源与沉积体系特征

以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘延长组为例,通过对野外露头沉积特征、骨架颗粒、重矿物组合等分析,讨论了研究区物源与沉积体系特征。研究表明:早期沉积物源主要来自盆地西南方向,南部也有贡献。中、晚期沉积物源除来自西南方向和南部物源外,还受到来自盆地北东方向次要物源的影响。延长组长8之上与之下物源性质发生明显变化。延长组长8砂岩的岩屑以变质岩为主,少量沉积岩和火成岩;而延长组长6砂岩岩屑则以沉积岩为主,少量变质岩和火成岩,这表明长6沉积期盆地周缘、特别是盆地西缘抬升加剧,地层的剥蚀更强烈,致使大量较年轻的地层被剥蚀并加入源区母岩中。鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖盆为北西—南东向展布,西南区主要发育辫状河和辫状河三角洲沉积体系,东北区主要发育曲流河三角洲沉积体系,在深湖区发育浊积扇沉积体系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段物源区分析

随着鄂尔多斯盆地长7段油藏勘探的不断突破,对其物源方向和母岩区性质的分析尤显重要.三叠世延长期鄂尔多斯盆地周缘存在多个古陆,包括北缘的阴山古陆、西北缘的阿拉善古陆、西南缘的陇西古陆及南缘的祁连-秦岭古陆等,它们都是盆地碎屑沉积物的主要供给源.通过碎屑组分、岩屑组分、重矿物、微量元素和稀土元素分析等研究,认为研究区长7段存在东北、西北、西及西南、南部4个方向的物源.轻、重矿物组合综合分析认为,盆地北部母岩主要为太古宙—古生代中—深变质岩和中基性火成岩,西南及南部母岩主要为元古宙—古生代浅变质岩、碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩.微量及稀土元素分析表明母岩以大陆上地壳的长英质岩石为主,并混有一定数量的含长石较高的中—基性岩浆岩如安山岩、碱性玄武岩,母岩中太古代古老地层占有相当大的比重.     

鄂尔多斯盆地子长油田杨家园则探区长6物源分析

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部子长油田杨家园则探区延长组长6砂岩的骨架矿物、重矿物、阴极发光、泥岩的稀土元素特征等的研究,并结合盆地东北缘典型露头剖面的古水流方向实测,分析了长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向,探讨了源区母岩性质。结果表明,研究区长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向来自北东方向。源区母岩以变质岩为主,其次少量火成岩。该研究结果对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延长组砂体时空展布分析、有利油气聚集区带预测以及对研究区下一步的油气勘探部署都具有重要的理论意义和实际参考价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长组长9-长101物源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长组沉积早期是一个大型的内陆汇水盆地,厘定物源方向对于恢复沉积盆地岩相古地理具有重要意义.通过古水流方向及轻重矿物的组合特征及展布等分析,发现延长组长9-长101沉积期有4个物源方向,即东北、东、南和西北方向.其中东北、西北方向物源占明显优势,影响范围较大;东部、南部物源影响范围较小.纵向上,长101沉积期到长9沉积期,东部物源影响范围略有扩大,西部物源影响范围有所减小,南部物源从西南方向迁移至正南方向.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部延长组长6油层组物源分析

根据砂岩颗粒类型及特征、石英阴极发光、重矿物组合、砂体展布方向以及岩相古地理格局,对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部上三叠统延长组长6油组进行了物源分析。分析结果表明,酸性岩浆岩和中低级变质岩、浅海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩为研究区延长组主要的母岩类型,东北、西北、西部、西南和南部为5个主要的物源方向,且东北和西南影响范围最大;形成了东北安边三角洲沉积体系、西北盐定三角洲沉积体系、西部环县三角洲沉积体系、演武三角洲沉积体系、西南镇原辫状河三角洲沉积体系和南部固城-合水浊积扇沉积体系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世早期物源分析

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世早期古水流方向及沉积物扩散方向、轻重矿物组合特征及稀土元素地球化学特征等的分析,发现延长组沉积早期古水流方向明显具有从湖盆四周向中心汇聚的特征,并可从轻重矿物组合上可以划分出5个物源方向,即东北、东、南、西南和西北方向,其中东北、西南和西北物源是主要物源方向.以东北方向物源明显占优势,南物源影响范围较小为特征.延长组早期沉积的母岩主要为太古宙的复杂变质岩系及下元古界的变火山一沉积岩系.其中,盆地东北部物源来自古阴山及大青山提供的稳定物源,因此三角洲沉积大面积发育;西南物源主要来自秦祁褶皱造山带的早古生界片麻岩、花岗岩类,以距离源区近,沉积物粒度明显比东北物源区粗为特征.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部延长组中下部古物源与沉积体空间配置

为了查明鄂尔多斯盆地西北部延长组沉积体系的分布格局等问题, 以上三叠统延长组中下部为目标, 通过常规矿物成分分析、重矿物特征研究、古水流测量、砂分散体系制图和古地貌恢复等方法, 对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部的物源及源区母岩性质等进行了系统研究.结果表明, 研究区主要受到4个物源的影响, 古物源与沉积体系具有良好的空间配置关系: 西北部的汝箕沟朵体受阿拉善古陆物源区控制, 它对研究区影响最大; 石沟驿朵体的物源来自大罗山逆冲席隆起; 东部的鄂托克旗朵体和定边朵体则受到鄂尔多斯盆地东北部物源的控制.四大物源区的母岩性质具有差异, 其中西部的阿拉善古陆物源区和大罗山逆冲席物源区的母岩以变质岩为主, 还有一定量的花岗岩和沉积岩; 而鄂尔多斯盆地东北部物源则以花岗岩和变质岩为主.沉积物源的研究有助于油气勘探的部署.      

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长6时期物源状况分析

为查明鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组沉积体系的分布格局等问题, 通过常规矿物成分分析、重矿物特征、岩屑特征、地球化学特征和地震剖面等研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部的物源及源区母岩性质等进行了系统研究。结果表明,盆地南部地区主要受到3大物源主要控制,可进一步再划分出5个次级物源,即东北、北部、西部、西南、南部。古物源与沉积体系具有良好的空间配置关系,决定了盆地长6时期的沉积体系分布格局。沉积物源的研究将有助于油气勘探的部署。     

多元统计分析在地质学中的应用——以惠州凹陷M层物源分析为例

以29口钻孔的重矿物百分含量数据来分析样本,通过Q型聚类分析、因子分析方法恢复不同物源体系的发育范围及其母岩类型,并以不同物源体系的边界范围为限定条件,结合ZTR指数及其等值线图,对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷M层物源特征进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明：研究区发育3大物源沉积区,分别为东北-北部物源沉积区、西北物源沉积区和东南物源沉积区,且各区重矿物组合特征明显,主次物源分明,整体表现为母岩类型复杂的特征。东北-北部沉积物主要母岩为酸性岩浆岩,次要母岩为变质岩和沉积岩,西北沉积物主要母岩为中性及基性岩浆岩,次要母岩为酸性岩浆岩和变质岩,东南沉积物主要母岩为中性及基性岩浆岩,次要母岩为变质岩。东北-北部物源区和西北物源区为远源沉积的产物,而东南物源区为近源沉积的产物。东北-北部物源区沉积物来自北方和东北方向,而西北物源区和东南物源区沉积物分别来自西北方向和东南方向。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘山西组沉积物源及源区大地构造属性分析

利用碎屑岩骨架组分、含量分布、古水流方向、砂岩岩石学特征、常量与微量元素及沉积构造特征等,对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘二叠纪山西组母岩类型、物源方向及大地构造属性进行了研究。砂岩岩石组分表明,物源主要以再旋回造山带为主,源区主要由花岗岩、浅变质岩及片麻岩类组成。砂岩百分含量图也表明,山西组沉积时的主物源区在盆地以北的阴山地区,南部仅为次物源区。古水流参数也证明物源方向为SSW。另外,沉积岩常量与微量元素分布特征显示,当时该区的大地构造环境为被动大陆边缘环境。因而可推知,二叠世山西组沉积时,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的沉积以北方物源为主,且可能来自北部的阴山地区和西北方向的阿拉善地块。      

松辽盆地十屋断陷十屋地区营城组物源体系探讨

在综合分析碎屑颗粒组分、重矿物组合、砂砾岩展布和地层倾角测井等资料的基础上,探讨了十屋断陷十屋地区营城组沉积时期的物源体系特征和分布。碎屑颗粒组分和重矿物分析能指示物源区母岩类型和碎屑物质的搬运方向,砂砾岩展布能指明了碎屑物质的搬运方向和搬运途径,地层倾角测井则指示了古水流的方向。结果表明,十屋地区营城组存在三大物源体...     

鞍山-本溪-抚顺地区新太古代地质演化探讨

鞍山-本溪-抚顺地区是我国太古宙岩石出露的主要地区及重点研究区.区内太古宙岩石以变质深成侵入体为主,变质表壳岩出露面积不足20%.区内变质深成岩侵位于始太古代-新太古代的不同时期,原岩由TTG岩系和钙碱性CA岩系组成;变质表壳岩以磁铁石英岩和斜长角闪岩为标志性岩性.两类原岩建造在太古宙时期,遭受了由麻粒岩相到角闪岩相至绿片岩相连续降温减压过程.根据区内新太古代岩石出露的特点划分3个微古陆核,分别为鞍本古陆核、清原古陆核及辽北古陆核.中太古代和新太古代为本区最重要的造陆时期,以鞍本微古陆核为最早的增生点,经拼接增生、裂解改造,形成现今的地质格局.     

Palinspastic reconstruction of the Grenville terrane in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province,southern and central Appalachians,U.S.A

Examinations of Grenville massifs in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province of Virginia and North Carolina indicate that the country rocks (∼ 1100–1450 Ma) are layered gneisses that were metamorphosed during Grenville orogenesis (∼ 1000–1100 Ma) to amphibolite to granulite facies and intruded by plutonic suites. Subsequently, the Grenville terrane was intruded by a suite of peralkaline granitic plutons (∼ 700 Ma) and progressively overlapped westward by Upper Precambrian to Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Following deposition of Upper Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks, the Blue Ridge Geologic Province was subjected to Taconic metamorphism (∼ 450–480 Ma) which generally increased in intensity southeastward from greenschist (chlorite grade) to upper amphibolite (sillimanite grade) facies. Large-scale late Devonian thrusting (∼ 350 Ma) along the Fries fault system and the Brevard zone-Yadkin fault system produced the present day distribution of juxtaposed Grenville massifs and Palaeozoic metamorphic zones in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province. Palinspastic restoration of the Taconic metamorphic zones to their pre-late Devonian relative positions yields an ∼ 50 km displacement on the Fries fault system near the Grandfather Mountain window and and an ∼ 80 km displacement on the Smith River allochthon farther east. Restoration of the Grenville massifs to this same palinspastic base shows that Grenville metamorphic grade decreased southeastward from the deeper granulite facies (opx + gar) to the shallower granulite facies (opx ± amp) to amphibolite facies.     

Petrogenesis of Eclogites in the Light of Punctuated Metamorphic Evolution in Dabie Terrane，China

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Uranium in metamorphic rocks

The distribution of U has been studied in two metamorphic rock-series with a gradient of regional metamorphism. One series ranges from the lowest greenschist to amphibolite facies and the other one shows increasing metamorphic grade from amphibolite to granulite facies. Several medium and high pressure granulitic inclusions from alkali basalts were also analyzed. The abundances of U in the rocks do not appear to be affected by metamorphism below the granulite facies grade. Granulites are depleted in U in comparison with equivalent rocks of amphibolite facies grade. There are also differences in their U distribution, as the bulk of U in amphibolite facies rocks is located along the fractures and cleavage planes of ferro-magnesian minerals and in U-rich accessories, while in granulites, most of the U resides in accessory minerals. It seems that the depletion of U in granulites is due to a loss of U which is not located in accessory minerals or in the crystal structure of rock-forming minerals and may also be related to a migration of hydrous fluids, perhaps during dehydration.     

大青山地区韧性剪切带变形变质作用演化

大青山早前寒武纪高级变质岩系中发育三种不同类型的韧性剪切带。第一种为高温（相当于麻粒岩相级）逆冲型，第二种为中温（相当于角闪岩相级）伸展型，第三种为低温（相当于绿片岩相级）近走滑型。不同类型韧性剪切带的变形变质作用演化反映了地壳深部高级变质杂岩在隆升过程中的主要再造特征。     

抚顺—清原地区鞍山群块状硫化物矿床的区域地质特征

抚顺-清原地区位于辽宁省东北部,面积约2500Km~2.区内太古代变质岩系广泛发育,其下部为深变质的麻粒岩相地层,上部为中深变质的角闪岩相地层,后者产出红透山式铜锌矿床多处(属红透山地区),以及张胡子沟铜矿床和大荒沟硫铁矿床(属清原北部地区)等一系列块状硫化物矿床(图1).矿石中铅同位素年令为25～26亿年,在形成时代上可以和鞍本地区鞍山群对比.     

The Features of the Transformation of Organic Matter of Precambrian Carboniferous Rocks of the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield

The main features of the transformation of organic matter (OM) in the greenschist, amphibolite, and granulite facies of metamorphism are considered based on the example of the Ukrainian crystal shield. The occurrence area and OM content in highly carbonaceous ancient rocks are characterized. The composition of primary sedimentary rocks and the processes of accumulation of biophile elements under the OM transformation are reconstructed.     

U–Pb zircon study of tectonically bounded blocks of 2940–2840 Ma crust with different metamorphic histories,Paamiut region,South-West Greenland: implications for the tectonic assembly of the North Atlantic craton

New fieldwork, map interpretation, petrography and single zircon U–Pb geochronology has allowed the identification of different crustal blocks in the Paamiut region, in the southern portion of the West Greenland Archaean Craton. Changes of metamorphic grade from only amphibolite facies to granulite facies (some subsequently retrogressed) corresponds with zones of Archaean high strain ductile deformation ± mylonites. U–Pb zircon dates are presented for the TTG (tonalite, trondhjemite, granodiorite) protoliths from each block in the Paamiut region, and the southern portion of the previously identified Tasiusarsuaq terrane lying to the north. The southern part of the Tasiusarsuaq terrane contains 2880–2860 Ma TTG rocks and underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. Structurally underneath the Tasiusarsuaq terrane to the south is the Sioraq block containing 2870–2830 Ma TTG rocks partly retrogressed from granulite facies. Structurally underneath and to the south is the Paamiut block, dominated by 2850–2770 Ma granodioritic rocks that have only undergone amphibolite facies metamorphism. Also structurally overlying the Paamiut block, but cropping out separately from the Sioraq block, is the Neria block. This appears to be dominated by 2940–2920 Ma gneisses that have been totally retrogressed from granulite facies and strongly deformed. In the southernmost part of the region the Neria block overlies the greenschist to lowermost amphibolite facies Sermiligaarsuk block that contains the ⩾2945 Ma Tartoq Group. Rocks from all the blocks record ancient loss of Pb from zircons and some new zircon growth at 2820 Ma, interpreted to indicate a high grade metamorphic event at that time, including granulite facies metamorphism in the Sioraq and Neria blocks. The blocks of different metamorphic grade are interpreted to have moved to their current positions after the 2820 Ma metamorphism, explaining the change in metamorphic history across some mylonites and ductile shear zones which deform and retrogress granulite facies textures. The juxtaposed blocks and their contacts were subsequently folded under amphibolite facies conditions. The contacts are cut by undeformed Palaeoproterozoic dolerite dykes which post-date amphibolite facies metamorphism. These results, together with previously published data from the Godthåbsfjord region (north of Paamiut) shows that the North Atlantic Craton in West Greenland from Ivittuut in the south to Maniitsoq in the north (∼550 km) consists of a mosaic of ductile fault-bounded packages that attained their present relative positions in the late Archaean.     

鞍本地区鞍山群变质矿物及变质作用

鞍本地区鞍山群变质岩出露区可分为鞍山、辽阳、本溪三个小区。所有的变质岩均属角闪岩相,从西向东,变质程度递增。三个小区最先出现的特征变质矿物分别是铁铝榴石、十字石和夕线石。退化变质作用由西向东递减,在东-西鞍山矿区已退变为绿片岩相,在绿泥片岩中普通角闪石仅作为残留矿物出现在绿泥石的核心。鞍山小岭子矿区有紫苏辉石、红柱石和尖晶石组合,它们是燕山期花岗岩围岩中的接触变质矿物。