注射用头孢匹胺钠与五种输液配伍的稳定性考察

目的考察注射用头孢匹胺钠在五种常用输液中的配伍稳定性。方法模拟临床使用剂量,在室温20℃、时间8h内观察头孢匹胺钠与五种常用输液配伍后的外观、pH值以及紫外吸收曲线的变化情况,同时用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果8h内五种配伍液的外观、pH值、头孢匹胺钠的含量均无明显变化,紫外吸收光谱近乎重叠。结论头孢匹胺钠与五种常用输液可以配伍使用。     

头孢匹胺钠与木糖醇注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察头孢匹胺钠与木糖醇注射液配伍的稳定性。方法:按临床使用剂量,在250 ml的木糖醇注射液中加入2．0 g头孢匹胺钠,室温下(25℃)观察6 h内配伍液的外观、pH,并用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果:0-6 h内头孢匹胺钠与木糖醇注射液的配伍液外观、pH及含量基本保持不变。结论:头孢匹胺钠与木糖醇注射液配伍在室温条件下6 h内稳定。     

注射用头孢匹胺钠与注射用炎琥宁配伍的稳定性

目的 考察注射用头孢匹胺钠与注射用炎琥宁在0.9%氯化钠注射液中的配伍稳定性. 方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠与注射用炎琥宁配伍后在室温下放置6 h内不同时间的药物含量,观察溶液的色泽并测定其pH值. 结果 配伍液在室温下6 h内各时刻药物含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化. 结论 在室温下注射用头孢匹胺钠与注射用炎琥宁可在0.9%氯化钠注射液中配伍后6 h内使用.     

头孢替唑钠与喜炎平注射液在常用输液中配伍的稳定性

目的：考察注射用头孢替唑钠与喜炎平注射液在50mg/mL葡萄糖注射液中配伍的稳定性。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定头孢替唑钠的质量浓度,并观察配伍液的外观、pH值变化。结果：配伍液在室温下8h内外观、pH值、质量浓度无明显变化。结论：注射用头孢替唑钠和喜炎平注射液在室温下与50mg/mL葡萄糖注射液配伍,8h内稳定。     

头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性研究

目的考察注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法在室温（20℃）下采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后6h内不同时间点的含量，并观察配伍液的外观及pH值变化。结果两药配伍后6h内的含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化。结论注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液可在配伍后6h内使用。     

注射用头孢孟多酯钠与木糖醇注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的 观察注射用头孢孟多酯钠与木糖醇注射液配伍的稳定性.方法 室温(25℃)下,将注射用头孢孟多酯钠分别与5%和10%木糖醇注射液配伍,于0、1、2、4、6、8、24 h取样,采用紫外分光光度法测定主药吸光度值的变化以确定相对含量变化,同时测定pH值.结果 注射用头孢孟多酯钠与5%和10%木糖醇注射液在室温(25℃)下配伍,0～8 h内其外观、pH值及含量无明显变化.结论 本试验提示头孢孟多酯钠与木糖醇注射液配伍较为稳定,其试验结果可供临床配伍使用参考.     

注射用头孢匹胺与注射用氯诺昔康配伍的稳定性研究

目的考察注射用头孢匹胺与注射用氯诺昔康在0.9%氯化钠注射液中的配伍稳定性。方法在[(25±1)℃]下,观察和检测两药配伍液在8 h内的外观及pH值变化,并用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定配伍液中头孢匹胺与氯诺昔康的含量变化。结果 8 h内配伍液外观、pH值及氯诺昔康的含量无明显变化,头孢匹胺含量不断下降,8 h含量为96.5%。结论室温条件下,注射用头孢匹胺与注射用氯诺昔康在0.9%氯化钠注射液中8 h内保持稳定。     

头孢西丁钠在葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液中的稳定性考察

目的:考察室温(25℃)下注射用头孢西丁钠在葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液中的稳定性。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定配伍液中头孢西丁钠的质量浓度,并考察配伍液外观、pH值及不溶性微粒的变化。结果:头孢西丁钠与葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液配伍后8h内其外观、pH值及质量浓度均无明显变化,不溶性微粒符合药典规定。结论:注射用头孢西丁钠室温(25℃)下可与葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液配伍,8h内使用。     

头孢尼西钠与输液配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察注射用头孢尼西钠与4种常用输液配伍的稳定性。方法:置25℃光照及避光条件下放置,将注射用头孢尼西钠按临床用药浓度与5%葡萄糖、10%葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖氯化钠、0.9%氯化钠注射液配伍,在不同时间内采用紫外分光光度法测定头孢尼西钠的质量,观察配伍液外观变化并测定其pH值的变化。结果:25℃下,光照及避光条件下放置,0~6h内配伍液外观、pH值及头孢尼西钠的质量均无明显变化。结论:注射用头孢尼西钠与4种常用输液配伍后在25℃下光照与避光放置,6h内是稳定的。     

注射用头孢地嗪钠与木糖醇注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的考察注射用头孢地嗪钠与木糖醇注射液配伍的稳定性。方法模拟临床常用药物质量浓度配成10 mg/mL的注射用头孢地嗪钠与木糖醇注射液的混合液,在25℃和37℃下观察6 h内外观、pH的变化,并用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果 0～6 h内头孢地嗪钠与木糖醇配伍液的外观、pH无明显变化,含量在室温时变化不明显,在37℃时有所下降。结论注射用头孢地嗪钠与木糖醇注射液配伍应在室温、4 h以内尽量滴完,在较高温度下存放不宜超过6 h。     

121例头孢匹胺治疗细菌性感染临床疗效及安全性评价

目的：观察头孢匹胺治疗细菌性感染临床疗效和安全性。方法：121例细菌性感染患者,采用注射用头孢匹胺钠1.0～2.0g,加入9.0mg/mL氯化钠注射液250mL,q12h,静滴,疗程7～14d。结果：治疗细菌性感染121例患者痊愈78例,显效32例,进步5例,无效6例,平均痊愈率与有效率分别为64.46%,90.91%;ADR发生率为7.44%（9/121）,未发现严重ADR。结论：头孢匹胺钠对细菌性感染疗效好,安全性高。     

Compatibility of dexamethasone sodium phosphate with hydromorphone hydrochloride or diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

The stability and compatibility of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and hydromorphone hydrochloride or diphenhydramine hydrochloride at various concentrations at room temperature was studied. Solutions containing equal volumes in the following ranges of concentrations were prepared: dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0-10 mg/mL, diphenhydramine hydrochloride 0-50 mg/mL, and hydromorphone hydrochloride 0-40 mg/mL. Samples of each combination were analyzed immediately after mixing and at 7 and 24 hours using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. The pH of each solution was measured, and each combination was visually inspected. Precipitation occurred in solutions containing dexamethasone and hydromorphone hydrochloride or diphenhydramine hydrochloride when equal volumes of the most concentrated solutions were mixed. Some of the combinations at lower concentrations were visually compatible, and more than 90% of the initial concentrations of both drugs (i.e., dexamethasone-hydromorphone and dexamethasone-diphenhydramine) remained in these compatible solutions. Dexamethasone is visually compatible with diphenhydramine or hydromorphone but only within specific concentration ranges. In visually compatible solutions, both drug combinations are stable for up to 24 hours at room temperature.     

Stability of cefonicid sodium in infusion fluids

The chemical stability of cefonicid sodium in infusion fluids was analyzed. Cefonicid sodium vials were reconstituted and diluted with sterile water for injection and other commonly used intravenous fluids to concentrations of 325, 220, 40, 20, and 5 mg/mL. Cefonicid concentration was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography initially and after storage at room temperature and 5 degrees C. Reconstituted vials were frozen as long as eight weeks, thawed, and kept at room temperature and 5 degrees C and then analyzed. Cefonicid sodium reconstituted in each of the diluents studied exhibited no change in clarity and very little change in potency after 24 hours at room temperature and after 72 hours at 5 degrees C. Some vials with high concentrations became turbid between 72 and 96 hours at 5 degrees C. The thawed vials were chemically stable for 24 hours at room temperature and for 96 hours at 5 degrees C. When reconstituted with sterile water for injection and other commonly used intravenous fluids, cefonicid sodium vials and small-volume infusions are chemically stable for 24 hours at room temperature and for 72 hours at 5 degrees C. Reconstituted cefonicid sodium vials can be frozen and stored for as long as eight weeks, thawed, and then kept at room temperature for 24 hours or at 5 degrees C for 72 hours.     

Compatibility of heparin sodium and morphine sulfate

The compatibility of morphine sulfate and heparin sodium was studied in solutions of deionized water and 0.9% sodium chloride. Crystalline morphine sulfate was reconstituted and heparin sodium 100 or 200 units/mL was added. Duplicate samples with a final volume of 5 mL were prepared and stored at room temperature. Morphine sulfate concentrations were 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/mL in each diluent with each heparin concentration. Samples were visually inspected immediately after preparation and at 0.5 and 24 hours; pH was tested before adding heparin and at 0.5 and 24 hours. Similar procedures were followed adding morphine to the heparin. Samples containing morphine sulfate 2 and 10 mg/mL were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for morphine concentrations immediately before adding heparin and at 0.5 and 24 hours. Precipitate appeared immediately after the second drug was added in samples containing morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL at both heparin concentrations in the water admixtures. No precipitate formed in any solutions containing morphine concentrations of 5 mg/mL or less nor in any samples containing 0.9% sodium chloride. In both diluents, pH values decreased as morphine sulfate concentrations increased. Morphine sulfate concentrations decreased significantly in water admixtures but not in admixtures prepared with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Morphine sulfate and heparin sodium are incompatible only at morphine concentrations greater than 5 mg/mL. The incompatibility can be prevented by using 0.9% sodium chloride as the admixture diluent.     

Compatibility of premixed theophylline and methylprednisolone sodium succinate intravenous admixtures

The stability of theophylline supplied as a premixed injection and of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in admixtures containing both drugs was studied. Solutions containing theophylline in concentrations of 4.0 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL were used. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate was added to each solution to produce a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and 2.0 mg/mL of methylprednisolone alcohol, a pharmacologically active form of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Each admixture was prepared in triplicate, and samples were kept at room temperature in glass containers. Immediately after admixture and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, samples were visually inspected, tested for pH, filtered, and assayed in duplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography for theophylline concentration and for both methylprednisolone sodium succinate and methylprednisolone alcohol content. Control solutions containing only one of the two drugs were also tested. No visual changes were observed. The addition of theophylline in 5% dextrose injection to the methylprednisolone sodium succinate solutions resulted in decreased pH values for all solutions, which did not vary significantly throughout the study period. Theophylline concentrations did not change significantly compared with baseline. In solutions containing theophylline 0.4 mg/mL with either 2.0 or 0.5 mg/mL of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, less than 90% of the initial methylprednisolone sodium succinate concentrations remained at 24 hours. However, within three hours after admixture preparation, methylprednisolone alcohol was detected in those solutions in increasing concentrations. A commercial preparation of premixed theophylline in 5% dextrose injection in a concentration of 4 mg/mL or less can be mixed with methylprednisolone sodium succinate in a final concentration of 2 mg/mL or less and administered intravenously within 24 hours after mixing.     

注射用头孢匹胺钠与甲硝唑注射液的配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察注射用头孢匹胺钠与甲硝唑注射液的配伍稳定性。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠与甲硝唑注射液配伍后在常温下放置6h内不同时间的药物含量,并观察溶液的色泽及测定其pH值。结果:配伍液在常温下各时刻药物含量、pH值和外观均无明显变化。结论:注射用头孢匹胺钠与甲硝唑注射液可在配伍后6h内使用。     

Stability of zidovudine in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection

The stability of zidovudine at a concentration of 4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags stored at room and refrigerated temperatures for up to eight days was studied. Zidovudine was diluted in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a concentration of 4 mg/mL. Six admixtures were prepared with each diluent; three were stored at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and three were refrigerated (4 +/- 1 degree C). At 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 192 hours, 2-mL aliquots were removed. One milliliter of each aliquot was diluted to a zidovudine concentration of approximately 40 micrograms/mL and assayed in duplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Visual inspection was performed at each sampling time for precipitation, turbidity, color change, and gas formation. Sample pH was recorded at 0 and 192 hours. In all admixtures, more than 97% of the initial zidovudine concentration remained throughout the study period. No visual or pH changes were observed. Zidovudine 4 mg/mL in admixtures with 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags was stable for up to 192 hours (eight days) at room temperature and under refrigeration.     

Compatibility and stability of telavancin and vancomycin in heparin or sodium citrate lock solutions

Purpose The compatibility and stability of telavancin and vancomycin in heparin or sodium citrate lock solutions were evaluated. Methods Telavancin and vancomycin hydrochloride injection powder lyophilized for solution were reconstituted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection at room temperature according to the manufacturer's instructions and then further diluted with (1) commercially available heparin sodium to reach a final heparin concentration of 2500 units/mL or (2) sodium citrate solution 2.2% or 4% to achieve final telavancin and vancomycin concentrations of 2 and 5 mg/mL. Physical stability, chemical compatibility, and biological anticoagulant stability were analyzed for each antibiotic-anticoagulant combination immediately after preparation and at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Changes in coagulation were measured at each time point and compared using two-way analysis of variance. Results Both telavancin and vancomycin retained at least 90% of the initial concentration after incubation at 37 °C over 72 hours. The biological stability of vancomycin 2 mg/mL and telavancin 2 mg/mL did not significantly alter prothrombin time when compared with that of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. However, telavancin 5 mg/mL and vancomycin 5 mg/mL significantly increased the activated partial thromboplastin time at 72 hours compared with the control solution. Visual precipitation only occurred with vancomycin-containing solutions; however, this dissipated after 10 minutes. Conclusion Telavancin 2 and 5 mg/mL was physically compatible in combination with heparin 2500 units/mL and with sodium citrate 2.2% and 4% over 72 hours. Vancomycin 2 and 5 mg/mL initially precipitated in the sodium citrate 2.2% formulation, but no precipitation was noted after 10 minutes of incubation at 37 °C. Telavancin and vancomycin 2 and 5 mg/mL retained over 90% of the initial concentration after incubation at 37 °C over 72 hours.     

Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in various concentrations of dextrose injection

The stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in plastic syringes containing high concentrations of dextrose injection after storage for 24 hours in a refrigerator followed by storage for two hours at room temperature was studied. Vancomycin hydrochloride was reconstituted with sterile water for injection to a concentration of 50 mg/mL. One-milliliter samples were added to 9 mL of various concentrations of dextrose injection (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%) in 10-mL plastic syringes. Ten syringes of each concentration were stored at 4 degrees C for 24 hours. At various storage times, samples were assayed in triplicate for vancomycin using high-performance liquid chromatography. After 24 hours, the syringes were removed from the refrigerator, and the vancomycin concentration was determined after storage for two hours at room temperature. Percent change in vancomycin concentration during storage for 24 hours was less than 6% in all cases except for 5% dextrose injection at 4 and 24 hours. Vancomycin concentration did not change (percent change 0.7-5%) during storage for two hours at room temperature. Vancomycin hydrochloride is stable in various concentrations of dextrose injection when stored in plastic syringes for 24 hours in the refrigerator followed by two hours at room temperature.