精神分裂症患者海马结构与面孔情绪认知障碍的关联研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症(schizophrenia, SCZ)患者海马结构体积与面孔情绪认知障碍间的关系。方法:纳入41例首发SCZ患者(患者组)与27名健康对照者(对照组)。分别进行阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale, PANSS)评定、面孔情绪认知评估、磁共振扫描,应用FreeSurfer 6.0测量海马结构。结果:与对照组相比,患者组面孔情绪测试的拐点、斜率均显著增加。患者组左侧海马总体积、海马角(CA1)、前下托、旁下托、海马杏仁核过渡区(HATA),右侧海马总体积、下托、CA1、前下托、旁下托、分子层(ML)、HATA亚区体积均小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。患者组右侧HATA亚区体积与面孔情绪认知斜率呈负相关(P0.05)。患者组左侧海马下托体积与阴性因子分呈负相关,右侧海马总体积、CA1和ML亚区体积与瓦解因子分呈负相关,左侧海马前下托、旁下托亚区体积与抑郁因子分呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:海马体积异常可能与SCZ患者面孔情绪认知障碍有关。     

精神分裂症面孔情绪识别及其事件相关电位的研究进展

精神分裂症患者存在严重的社会认知缺陷,而面孔情绪识别受损是社会认知受损的一个重要方面,这一症状在精神分裂症不同阶段的人群中稳定存在。使用量化的事件相关电位指标探讨面孔情绪识别缺陷的机制,加深对疾病的理解。现就精神分裂症的面孔情绪识别缺陷及其事件相关电位的特征和机制进行综述。     

精神分裂症患者情绪记忆损害的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者的情绪记忆及其与精神症状的相关性.方法 采用情绪图片的同忆和再认测试评定40例精神分裂症患者与40名止常对照的情绪记忆,同时采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者临床症状.结果 两组间图片评分测试结束10 min后和72 h后对负性和中性图片的回忆率以及负性和止性图片的再认正确率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PANSS量衷阴性症状评分与负性和正性图片再认正确率呈负相关(r=-0.91,P＜0.01;r=-0.38,P＜0.05).患者组病程与10 min后负性图片回忆率(r=-0.33,P＜0.05)、72h后负性和正性图片回忆率(r=-0.36,P＜0.05;r=-0.36,P＜0.05)、负性图片再认正确率(r=-0.34,P＜0.05)呈负相关.结论 精神分裂症患者存在情绪记忆损害,且与精神症状相关.     

首发精神分裂症患者认知功能损害的研究

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症患者认知功能状况. 方法对60例首发精神分裂症患者进行威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST),韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-R)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定,同时对60名正常健康志愿者进行WCST评定. 结果病例组在WCST完成分类数(t=-4.6,P<0.05)、正确应答数(t=-2.3,P<0.05)、概念化水平百分数(t=-4.9,P<0.05)、错误应答数(t=5.8,P<0.05)以及持续错误数(t=4.6,P<0.05)等评定指标上测试成绩明显差于对照组;患者的WCST正确应答数与操作智商(r=0.5,P<0.05)、总智商(r=0.5,P<0.05)以及总记忆商数(r=0.6,P<0.05)呈正相关;错误应答数与操作智商(r=-0.5,P<0.05)以及总智商呈负相关(r=-0.5,P<0.05);持续错误数与总记忆商数呈负相关(r=-0.5,P<0.05);BPRS迟滞因子分与WCST总用时、错误应答数呈正相关(r=0.4,P<0.05);敌对猜疑因子分与WCST总用时呈正相关(r=0.4,P<0.05). 结论精神分裂症患者部分认知功能受损,与精神症状之间存在相关.     

首发精神分裂症患者认知功能研究

目的：了解精神分裂症患者认知功能损害的程度和性质。方法：选择首次发作的精神分裂症患者共５２例为研究组,作韦氏智力和记忆量表及成套神经心理测验中的连线测验与范畴测验;以健康者作对照组。结果：研究组的语言智商,操作智商,全量表智商,记忆商数,范畴测验的错误数,连线测验时间与对照组相比显著较差（Ｐ〈０．０１）。研究组中以阳性或阴性症状为主的患者上述各项无显著性差异;男女患者间亦无显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

精神分裂症首次发病患者额顶网络功能连接与面孔情绪识别能力的关系

目的:探讨首发精神分裂症患者在静息状态下额顶网络的功能连接特点,及其与面孔情绪识别能力的相关性。方法:对37例首发未用药的精神分裂症患者(患者组)和30名年龄、性别、利手、受教育程度与患者相匹配的健康者(正常对照组)进行静息态功能磁共振(f MRI)扫描,收集两组的一般临床特征,并采用面孔情绪测试评价被试的面孔情绪认知功能;以双侧背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)为种子点比较两组间额顶网络功能连接的差异,并分析与面孔情绪认知功能的相关性。结果:与正常对照组相比,患者组DLPFC与左顶下小叶(t=-3.243,Alphasim校正P0.05)、左额下回(t=-3.151,Alphasim校正P0.05)、左额中回(t=-3.151,Alphasim校正P0.05)、双侧尾状核(t=-4.325,Alphasim校正P0.05)、左颞中回(t=-3.120,Alphasim校正P0.05)的功能连接减低;与双侧扣带回中部(t=2.731,Alphasim校正P0.05)、右中央前回(t=3.991,Alphasim校正P0.05)、右岛叶(t=3.991,Alphasim校正P0.05)功能连接增强。患者组额-顶通路的功能连接与面孔情绪认知障碍呈正相关(r=0.501,P0.05)。结论:首发精神分裂症患者额顶网络的功能连接存在异常,其中DLPFC-顶下小叶通路的功能连接降低可能影响患者面孔情绪识别能力。     

精神分裂症患者认知功能与精神症状的关系

近几年对精神分裂症患者认知损害与精神症状的关系尚无一致意见 ,我们对此进行研究 ,现将结果报告如下。1　对象和方法均为 2 0 0 2年 7月至 2 0 0 3年 1月在我院住院患者 ,符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第 3版精神分裂症诊断标准 ,阳性与阴性症状量表 (PANSS)总分≥ 6 0分 ,病程≤ 2年 ,年龄16～ 35岁 ;入院前 2周内未服任何抗精神病药。无严重躯体疾病 ,能配合完成认知测验。共 6 0例 ,男 31例 ,女 2 9例 ,平均年龄 (2 5 .4± 5 .7)岁 ,平均受教育 (11.0± 2 .7)年 ,平均病程 (1.2± 0 .8)年。随机分为利培酮组及奎硫平组。奎硫平治疗…     

精神分裂症患者认知功能与精神症状相关性研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者认知功能与精神症状的相关性。方法：对40例精神分裂症患者于治疗前、治疗12周末分别进行韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-R）、韦氏记忆量表（WMS）、H—R神经心理成套测验（HRB）中的连线测验A、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）及言语流利性测验及简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）评定。结果：治疗前焦虑抑郁因子分与总记忆商数（MQ）分显著相关,迟滞因子分与WCST完成类别数、智力显著相关;治疗12周末焦虑抑郁因子分与总智商（IQ）显著相关,迟滞因子分与WCST持续反应数、言语IQ、操作IQ显著相关,猜疑因子分与WCST持续反应数显著相关。结论：精神分裂症患者部分认知功能与精神症状显著相关。     

利用情绪面孔嵌合图形研究精神分裂症的注意偏向

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的注意偏向情况。方法利用情绪面孔嵌合图形试验和线段等分试验对年龄、文化程度、简易精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分等相匹配的32例精神分裂症患者和32名正常对照进行测试。结果精神分裂症患者在本顿面孔识别试验中和对照组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.85,P>0.05)。情绪(喜)面孔嵌合试验和20 cm线段等分试验,患者组的偏移率均比对照组高[-18.75(-31.25,-6.25)vs.-12.50(-23.44,4.69);-1.40(-2.65,-0.93)vs.-0.45(-1.50,0.30)],差异有统计学意义。患者组的情绪(喜)面孔嵌合和线段等分之间的偏移率相关(r=0.68,P<0.01)。结论精神分裂症患者在情绪(喜)面孔嵌合试验中注意左偏,这与线段等分试验结果相同,提示患者右侧空间注意受损,可能与左侧脑半球功能障碍有关。     

Pediatric anxiety associated with altered facial emotion recognition

Multiple psychiatric disorders are associated with difficulties in facial emotion recognition. However, generalized anxiety disorder may be associated with more accurate recognition of others’ emotional expressions, particularly expressions of happiness and fear, which index safety and threat. Children aged 9–14 from a community sample (N = 601) completed a facial emotion labeling task. Children’s symptoms of depressive and anxiety syndromes were assessed by self- and parent-report. Elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder were associated with more accurate facial emotion recognition (β = 0.16, p = 0.007), specifically recognition of happiness (β = 0.17, p = 0.002) and fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.006). Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with less accurate facial emotion recognition (β = −0.12, p = 0.018), specifically happiness (β = −0.15, p = 0.002). Elevated symptoms of separation anxiety disorder were also associated with less accurate facial emotion recognition (β = −0.16, p = 0.003), specifically happiness (β = −0.15, p = 0.006) and fear (β = −0.15, p = 0.005), which highlights the importance of distinguishing between anxiety syndromes. Results held when adjusting for child age and sex. Evidence that symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are associated with more accurate recognition of happiness and fear is consistent with theories of heightened social vigilance and support a transdiagnostic role of facial emotion recognition that may inform the psychosocial development of youth with anxiety and depressive symptoms.     

精神分裂症首次发病患者面孔识别事件相关电位研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症首次发病患者面孔识别障碍的特点.方法 采用病例对照研究设计,对性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的精神分裂症首次发病患者组(30例)和对照组(30例),应用Ekman标准表情库中的面孔生成刺激材料,研究2组受试者的面孔不同程度性别识别能力(分低、中、高3等程度的男女识别)和面孔不同程度表情识别能力(分低、中、高3等程度的高兴、厌恶、恐惧情绪的识别),分析面孔性别识别和面孔表情识别的判断正确率、反应时间,并比较各类视觉事件相关电位中的P100、N170、N250、晚正成分P300的波幅和潜伏期.结果 (1)行为学数据:患者组与对照组在性别识别方面的总体正确率和总体反应时间的差异均无统计学意义(F =3.306,P=0.077;F=3.866,P =0.056);患者组与对照组在表情识别方面的总体正确率为(44.5±2.4)％,低于对照组(60.5±2.1)％,差异有统计学意义(F=2.372,P=0.009),2组反应时间的差异无统计学意义(F=3.580,P =0.066).(2)脑电数据:患者组高程度的厌恶情绪和高程度的高兴情绪诱发的N170潜伏期低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=3.176,P=0.047);患者组与对照组N250波幅的差异有统计学意义(F =4.516,P=0.015).结论 精神分裂症首次发病患者存在面孔识别能力损害,N170、N250可能是精神分裂症的属性指标.     

A voxel-based lesion study on facial emotion recognition after penetrating brain injury

The ability to read emotions in the face of another person is an important social skill that can be impaired in subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To determine the brain regions that modulate facial emotion recognition, we conducted a whole-brain analysis using a well-validated facial emotion recognition task and voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) in a large sample of patients with focal penetrating TBIs (pTBIs). Our results revealed that individuals with pTBI performed significantly worse than normal controls in recognizing unpleasant emotions. VLSM mapping results showed that impairment in facial emotion recognition was due to damage in a bilateral fronto-temporo-limbic network, including medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex, left insula and temporal areas. Beside those common areas, damage to the bilateral and anterior regions of PFC led to impairment in recognizing unpleasant emotions, whereas bilateral posterior PFC and left temporal areas led to impairment in recognizing pleasant emotions. Our findings add empirical evidence that the ability to read pleasant and unpleasant emotions in other people''s faces is a complex process involving not only a common network that includes bilateral fronto-temporo-limbic lobes, but also other regions depending on emotional valence.     

Selective attention to facial emotion and identity in schizophrenia.

The selective attention to facial emotion and identity was investigated in 12 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy participants. Both patients and controls were required to perform two classification tasks (according either to identity or emotion). Two separate values for identity (person A/person B) and for emotion (fear/anger) were used. When the classification task was on one dimension, the other dimension was either correlated, constant, or orthogonal (Garner WR. The Processing of Information and Structure. Potomac, MD: Erlbaum, 1974, Garner WR. Interaction of stimulus dimensions in concept and choice processes. Cognitive Psychology 1976;8:98-123). Results indicated that both patients and healthy participants had an asymmetrical pattern of performance: they were able to selectively attend to the identity of the face presented, regardless of the emotion expressed on the face, but variation in identity interfered with the classification of facial emotion. Moreover, a correlational study indicated that the identity interference on emotion classification for schizophrenic patients covaried with the severity of their negative symptoms. The selective attention competencies in schizophrenia and the independence hypothesis of emotion and face recognition are discussed in the framework of current face recognition models.     

Impairments of facial emotion recognition and theory of mind in methamphetamine abusers

Chronic use of methamphetamine is related to behavioral disturbances including depression, aggressive behavior, and social isolation. These alterations of social behavior may be attributable to impairments in social cognition. However, few studies have evaluated social cognition in methamphetamine (MA) abusers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether MA abusers exhibit social cognition deficits in terms of facial emotion recognition and theory of mind (ToM). We also assessed cognitive flexibility by using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate the impact of this function on social cognition. Twenty-eight MA abusers and twenty-seven healthy subjects enrolled in this study. All participants performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and advanced ToM tasks such as the Eye Test and Hinting Task. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised and computerized versions of the WCST were also administrated. The performances of MA abusers on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and Eyes Test were lower than those of healthy subjects. In the WCST, MA abusers completed significantly fewer categories and made more total and perseverative errors than healthy subjects did. In addition, impairments in cognitive flexibility are correlated with impairments in facial emotion recognition and ToM within MA abusers. These findings lend further support to the assertion that the capacity to identify emotions from facial expression and infer mental state of others is impaired in MA abusers. Therefore, treatment and rehabilitation for MA abusers must consider role of social cognition and include relearning social interactions and behaviors.     

Facial emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings

Background: Deficits in recognition of facial emotions have been widely reported in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies that examined recognition of facial emotions in relatives of patients with schizophrenia brought out inconsistent results. Aims: In this study, we aimed to examine facial emotion identification and discrimination abilities in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings to find out whether familial vulnerability to schizophrenia is associated with deficits in facial emotion recognition. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia (n=57), their unaffected biological siblings (n=58) and healthy controls (n=58) were included in the study. The three groups did not differ significantly for gender, age and education level. All the participants were evaluated with the Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT) and Facial Emotion Discrimination Test (FEDT). Results: Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than controls on FEIT and FEDT. Siblings performed significantly better than patients and significantly worse than controls on FEIT and FEDT. Conclusions: Impaired performance of siblings on facial emotion identification and discrimination tasks provides evidence for the hypothesis that facial emotion recognition deficits are transmitted in families and may represent a heritable endophenotype of schizophrenia.     

Effects of sad mood on facial emotion recognition in Chinese people

This study examined the influence of sad mood on the judgment of ambiguous facial emotion expressions among 47 healthy volunteers who had been induced to feel sad (n = 13), neutral (n = 15), or happy (n = 19) emotions by watching video clips. The findings suggest that when the targets were ambiguous, participants who were in a sad mood tended to classify them in the negative emotional categories rather than the positive emotional categories. Also, this observation indicates that emotion-specific negative bias in the judgment of facial expressions is associated with a sad mood. The finding argues against a general impairment in decoding facial expressions. Furthermore, the observed mood-congruent negative bias was best predicted by spatial perception. The findings of this study provide insights into the cognitive processes underlying the interpersonal difficulties experienced by people in a sad mood, which may be predisposing factors in the development of clinical depression.     

Remediation of facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: concomitant changes in visual attention

The study examined changes in visual attention in schizophrenia following training with a social-cognitive remediation package designed to improve facial emotion recognition (the Micro-Expression Training Tool; METT). Forty out-patients with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to active training (METT; n=26), or repeated exposure (RE; n=14); all completed an emotion recognition task with concurrent eye movement recording. Emotion recognition accuracy was significantly improved in the METT group, and this effect was maintained after one week. Immediately following training, the METT group directed more eye movements within feature areas of faces (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth) compared to the RE group. The number of fixations directed to feature areas of faces was positively associated with emotion recognition accuracy prior to training. After one week, the differences between METT and RE groups in viewing feature areas of faces were reduced to trends. However, within group analyses of the METT group revealed significantly increased number of fixations to, and dwell time within, feature areas following training which were maintained after one week. These results provide the first evidence that improvements in emotion recognition following METT training are associated with changes in visual attention to the feature areas of emotional faces. These findings support the contribution of visual attention abnormalities to emotion recognition impairment in schizophrenia, and suggest that one mechanism for improving emotion recognition involves re-directing visual attention to relevant features of emotional faces.     

Deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia: a replication study with korean subjects

Objective

We investigated the deficit in the recognition of facial emotions in a sample of medicated, stable Korean patients with schizophrenia using Korean facial emotion pictures and examined whether the possible impairments would corroborate previous findings.

Methods

Fifty-five patients with schizophrenia and 62 healthy control subjects completed the Facial Affect Identification Test with a new set of 44 colored photographs of Korean faces including the six universal emotions as well as neutral faces.

Results

Korean patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in the recognition of sad, fearful, and angry faces [F(1,114)=6.26, p=0.014; F(1,114)=6.18, p=0.014; F(1,114)=9.28, p=0.003, respectively], but their accuracy was no different from that of controls in the recognition of happy emotions. Higher total and three subscale scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) correlated with worse performance on both angry and neutral faces. Correct responses on happy stimuli were negatively correlated with negative symptom scores of the PANSS. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited different patterns of misidentification relative to normal controls.

Conclusion

These findings were consistent with previous studies carried out with different ethnic groups, suggesting cross-cultural similarities in facial recognition impairment in schizophrenia.