山西省野生黄芩种质资源及植物学性状研究

通过对山西省9个市27个县（区）野生黄芩生长环境及气候条件的调查,发现黄芩在山西省分布范围广泛。山西野生黄芩主要分布于N34?6''19.78''～N40?4''17.71'',E110?0''17.80''～E114?3''13.41'';海拔介于705～1675 m之间,其中以1000～1500 m最为常见;生长区域年均降水量介于400～800 mm之间,年均温度为6.8～14 ℃。群落组成较为单一,其周围主要分布有杂草、灰菜、蒲公英、黄刺玫以及豆科类植株等;少部分伴随有当地优势种植株,其中大同市主要为狼毒、岩青兰,长治市平顺县主要为柴胡、蒲公英等。山西野生黄芩主要分布于半山腰,山顶分布较少,山谷底一般极少分布;山西野生黄芩多分布于半阳坡,少数分布于阳坡,阴坡一般极少分布。气候、海拔、降水量、日照等生态环境的不同以及人为因素是导致山西黄芩分布不均的主要因素。研究结果验证、补充了山西野生黄芩种质资源的数据和资料,为培育性状优良、种源明确的栽培品种提供了依据。     

青藏高原野生濒危药用植物掌裂兰的 生境及濒危因素分析

该研究通过对青藏高原珍稀濒危药用植物掌裂兰(Dactylorhiza hatagirea)的气候、地理、土壤和群落等生境方面的研究,分析了导致其濒危的主要因素。结果表明:(1)掌裂兰喜湿润的高寒草甸土壤,在青藏高原主要分布于青海省北部、东南部、南部和四川省西部,西藏东南部的湿生草甸或沼泽化草甸、嵩草草甸、滩地(台地)、河滩岸上,覆盖区域范围为94°15'49″—102°46'27″E、29°14'15″—36°59'7″N,海拔在2 960～4 150 m之间。(2)掌裂兰分布区的气候特点为累年年均风速为2.1 m·s~(-1)、累年年均气温为3.5℃、累年年均降水量在339.4～680.2 m之间、累年年均相对湿度为58%。(3)掌裂兰群落与共生植物种类多样,不同区域共生植物种类不同。调查样地内共有维管束植物58种,隶属于22科45属。群落1中优势种为黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)和甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis);群落2中优势种为马蔺(Iris lactea),其次为鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)等喜阳耐阴的植物种;群落3中优势种为问荆(Equisetum arvense)及斑唇马先蒿(Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis)。(4)采用主成分分析法,找出影响掌裂兰濒危的主要生态因子有土壤有机质、总氮、总磷含量及降雨量和湿度,其载荷系数均在0.9以上,其次为风速、温度、pH值,载荷系数在0.8以上。实地调研发现,青藏高原掌裂兰分布区生境脆弱,遗传多样性低,风媒传播效率低,种子萌发率低,种群天然更新能力弱,分布区狭窄等因素是导致该植物稀少濒危的主要原因。建议对掌裂兰典型适生生境建立保护区,加强个体繁育和野生抚育研究,增加个体数量和生长量。     

封面说明

正封面照片由中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所硕士研究生李威同学拍摄于陕西省商洛市镇安县境内的木王山国家森林公园双头马景区。木王山国家森林公园(33°21'22″—33°28'22″N,108°34'50″—108°42'25″E)位于秦岭南坡中段,汉江支流旬河上游,海拔2601.6 m,总面积3616hm2。该地属北亚热带季风性半湿润气候区,年均气温12℃,年均降雨量840 mm,无霜期190～235d,年日照时数1947.7 h。森林覆盖率达98.3%,分布有种子植物138科686属1300余种,其中红豆     

内蒙古鸟类新纪录——鸥鸽

<正>2014年12月2日,笔者在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟额济纳旗进行全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查期间,于达拉呼布镇东北7 km(101°11'51″E,42°06'38″N,海拔917 m)的农田发现约100只欧鸽Columba oenas正在休息;12月3日距此处北3 km左右的引水渠(101°11'23.96″E,42°06'47.50″N,海拔921 m)发现约150只欧鸽,多数个体在取食、饮水,少数在飞翔。2017年3月21日—5月30日,笔者在达来呼布镇多处(101°0'55.17″E,42°04'18.05″N;101°10'27.28″E,41°59'3.29″N;101°09'54.72″E,     

湖南壶瓶山发现白喉针尾雨燕和乌嘴柳莺

正2013年9月13日,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区(以下简称壶瓶山保护区)壶瓶山主峰(30°06'53.2″N,110°47'14.7″E,海拔2 099 m),观察到2只白喉针尾雨燕(Hirundapus caudacutus)。2013年9月23日、24日,先后又在顶坪瞭望塔上(30°02'57.6″N,110°31'22.6″E,海拔1832 m)、神景洞碑垭(30°03'34.9″N,110°31'22.6″E,海拔1711 m)共观察到8只白喉针尾雨燕。白喉针尾雨燕在中国主要分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、青海、西藏、四川、贵州、云南以及台湾(赵     

辽宁省蜥蜴类新纪录——山地麻蜥

<正>2013年8月6日~11日,作者在辽宁省凌源市进行野外调查,于大河北乡南刘杖子村田地边缘的山麓(40°48'02.3″N,118°54'11.4″E~40°48'09.5″N,118°54'11.6″E,海拔约693 m)采集到蜥蜴标本3号,另于居民住宅附近低矮丘陵顶部(40°48'02.5″N,118°54'02.9″E,海拔811 m)采集到蜥蜴标本1号。经鉴定为蜥蜴科Lacertidae麻蜥属Eremias山地麻蜥E.brenchleyi,为辽宁省蜥蜴新纪录。标本保存于沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所标本室,编号为SYNU13090016~SYNU13090019。     

西藏札达发现印度寿带

正在开展西藏第二次陆生野生动物资源调查工作过程中,于2015年6月18、19日在西藏自治区札达县底雅乡什布奇村(78°44'45.6″E,31°48'33.8″N,3110 m)、6月19日在底雅乡底雅村(78°52'5.1″E,31°46'55.5″N,2977 m)观察并拍摄到雌性印度寿带各1只。经鉴定,为印度寿带印巴亚种Terpsiphone paradisi leucogaster(图1)。     

封面说明

正封面照片由江西师范大学地理与环境学院张宇婧于2017年8月拍摄."中国最冷小镇"呼中位于黑龙江省西北部大兴安岭地区(51°14'40″—52°25'00″N,122°39'30″—124°21'00″E),被称为"森林腹地,兴安之巅",海拔500～1000 m,四面环山,年平均气温-4.3℃,年均降水量497.7 mm,四季分明,属大陆性季风气候,素有中国偃松之乡、红毛柳之乡、黑木耳之乡的美誉.黑龙江呼中     

山西阳城发现刘氏链蛇

正2018年8月8日,在山西阳城蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区内树皮沟管护站的前庄(35°17′16.45″N,112°25′24.10″E,970 m)采到1蛇类标本。经鉴定,该蛇隶属于游蛇科(Colubridae)链蛇属(Lycodon),为刘氏链蛇(L. liuchengchaoi),为山西省爬行动物分布新记录种。标本现保存于山西阳城蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区标     

高黎贡山发现野生林猬种群，希望有兴趣的专家加盟开展深入研究

2003年至今,云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管理局工作人员在进行高黎贡山国家级自然保护区野生动物监测时发现,在高黎贡山南段,地理位置介于东经98°44′35″—98°46′20″,北纬24°50′49″—24°58′35″之间,有野生林猬种群。该物种主要分布在海拔2200—2681m之间的中山湿性常绿阔叶林和杜鹃苔藓矮林之中,以昆虫为主食。在其人工饲养中,     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.