混晶纳米TiO_2薄膜光催化剂的新型制备方法及性能研究

采用新型的制备方法原位制备了钛基底上的TiO2纳米薄膜。制备过程包括钛金属的氧化过程和对氧化过程中形成的无定形表层的水热处理过程。钛基底上在氧化过程中形成了不平整的表面,水热过程使得无定形二氧化钛晶化。最终得到的纳米TiO2薄膜具有锐钛矿/金红石混合晶相和纳米花状结构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱等表征技术研究了TiO2薄膜的形貌和特性。薄膜的光催化性能由水中甲基橙的降解来表征。与没有经过水热反应直接煅烧的样品相比,水热反应得到的TiO2薄膜具有较高的光催化活性。同时研究了水热反应温度与时间对薄膜性质的影响;提高水热反应的温度或者延长水热反应的时间可以提高薄膜的结晶度,从而提高薄膜的光催化效率。     

二氧化钛纳米薄膜溶胶-凝胶法制备研究

研究了在清洁的玻璃表面采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锐钛矿相二氧化钛纳米薄膜,重点研究了薄膜制备过程中的关键工艺如溶胶配制及其稳定性、溶胶陈化及胶粒长大、提拉法涂膜次数及是否添加稳定剂对薄膜表面形貌均匀性的影响等.对所制备的薄膜的X射线衍射、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析表明,该薄膜为典型锐钛矿相二氧化钛,薄膜中二氧化钛纳米颗粒分布均匀、致密,纳米颗粒大小分布窄,直径约为30 nm,薄膜厚度约为300 nm.     

钛阳极氧化过程中直接附载光敏剂工艺研究

基于电化学阳极氧化的方法,将光敏剂直接附载到具有纳米孔的阳极氧化钛薄膜上。将金属钛作为阳极,在添加了光敏剂5,10,15,20-对四羧基四苯基卟啉的硫酸水溶液中进行阳极氧化,制备出附载了光敏剂的具有纳米孔结构的敏化氧化钛薄膜。通过对附载前后氧化钛薄膜荧光、紫外等光谱特性表征,结果表明,电压、温度等因素对敏化氧化钛薄膜的光谱性质有很大的影响。     

纳米尺度高配位活性钛TS-1的制备及性能评价

以低成本模板剂四丙基溴化铵和硅溶胶为原料,利用蒸汽辅助干胶晶化法,通过添加晶种的方式合成出纳米级TS-1分子筛。再经二次水热晶化,采用乙胺和四丙基溴化铵的混合溶液对其进行处理,制备出了含有六配位钛的高活性TS-1分子筛。采用X射线衍射、紫外漫反射可见光谱、紫外拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、固体核磁共振、N2物理吸附-脱附测试对其物理化学性质进行了表征,并考察了其对丙烯环氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,纳米级TS-1分子筛后处理生成了活性更为优异的六配位钛物种,且其孔道结构得到了改善,比表面积明显增大;其催化丙烯环氧化反应的活性明显提高,双氧水转化率由二次晶化处理前的47.59%增至二次晶化72 h的85.79%。     

谷氨酰胺为稳定剂制备硒化镉纳米晶及光谱性质研究

以谷氨酰胺(Gln)为稳定剂合成了硒化镉纳米晶,利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对纳米晶结构进行了表征,粒径约为20 nm。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、激发光谱与发射光谱研究了纳米晶光谱特性。实验结果表明,反应温度过高、反应时间过长都会破坏谷氨酰胺(Gln)的稳定作用,使CdSe聚集,影响其荧光性质。而聚乙二醇(PEG)的加入会使纳米晶的荧光发射明显加强,而且发射峰峰形尖锐。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖纳米晶的制备

魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）经酸解处理制备了稳定的纳米晶。探讨了魔芋葡甘聚糖酸解时间对产率和纳米晶尺寸的影响。红外光谱分析表明KGM纳米晶与原始KGM相比,其基本结构没有改变;X-射线衍射分析表明KGM酸解使其无定形区发生水解,而保留了结晶结构;透射电镜观测到大小为15-40 nm的KGM纳米晶。     

钛基纳米晶IrO_2-Ta_2O_5氧化物涂层阳极的研究

介绍运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、循环伏安测试及加速寿命实验等方法研究了钛基纳米晶IrO2-Ta2O5氧化物涂层的制备和电化学性能。在使用热分解法获得纳米晶氧化物的过程中,钛基体机械前处理、涂层成分、烧结温度、烧结时间等制备因素均影响最终所得涂层氧化物纳米晶粒尺寸,从而使电极的电化学性能发生变化。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO:Al薄膜的热分解及晶化过程

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉法在普通玻璃片上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜.通过热重-差示扫描量热曲线分析了前驱体在热处理过程中的物理化学变化,采用X射线衍射分析了薄膜的结晶特性.结果表明:ZnO:Al的结晶过程分2个阶段:在约300℃开始成核和生长,在500℃左右进一步晶化.在413～523℃时,薄膜组成为ZnO:Al与残余碳的混杂物:温度升至500℃时,残余碳大部分完全氧化,ZnO:Al进一步晶化,使薄膜结晶质量变好.薄膜的最佳预热处理温度和后期热处理温度分别为420℃和530℃.通过扫描电镜观察发现:在530℃下后期热处理的薄膜具有致密均匀的微观组织结构,在400℃下真空退火处理后其表面方电阻最小(140Ω/□).所有薄膜在可见光范围内透过率均超过90%.     

碳纤维的表面处理对其力学性能和结构的影响

通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、X射线电子能谱及电子拉力等分析表明,硝酸、空气中氧化、烧灼等处理可使中强碳纤维的力学性能得到改善.硝酸处理使碳纤维表面产生氧化形成一些活性基团和表面粗化.而空气中氧化、灼烧等处理未能改变碳纤维的表面化学结构.     

纳米尺度高配位活性钛TS-1的制备及性能评价

采用低成本模板剂和硅源（四丙基溴化铵和硅溶胶）,利用蒸汽辅助干胶晶化法,通过添加晶种的方式合成出纳米级TS-1分子筛。再经二次水热晶化,采用乙胺和四丙基溴化铵的混合溶液对其进行处理,制备出了含有六配位钛的高活性TS-1分子筛。采用X射线衍射、紫外漫反射可见光谱、紫外拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、固体核磁共振、N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对其物理化学性质等进行表征,并考察其对丙烯环氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,纳米级TS-1分子筛后处理生成了活性更为优异的六配位钛物种,且其孔道结构得到了改善,比表面积明显增大;其催化丙烯环氧化反应的活性明显提高,双氧水转化率由47.59%增至85.79%,有了明显的提升。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.