聚环氧琥珀酸对污泥中锌的萃取

研究了环境友好高分子聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)对污水厂污泥中重金属锌的萃取作用.结果表明,PESA对污泥中的重金属锌具有良好的萃取效果,利用改进的BCR法对萃取前后污泥中的锌进行了形态分析.结果表明.被PESA萃取的锌主要来自水溶态、酸溶态和可还原态等3种结合态.随着萃取体系pH值的升高.锌的萃取效率逐渐下降;在实验范围内,PESA与污泥中重金属总量的摩尔比为1:1～10:1时,随着PESA浓度的增加.锌的萃取效率逐渐提高,且对萃取体系pH值的依赖性减小.在pH=4时,在PESA与污泥中重金属总量的摩尔比为3:1～10:1范围内,锌的萃取效率均大于70%.     

聚环氧琥珀酸及丙烯酸共聚物阻垢机理的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法,模拟计算了聚环氧琥珀酸( PESA)和丙烯酸共聚物[P（AA-co-MA）]、[P(AA-co-HPA)]及[P(AA-co-MAE)]4种聚合物阻垢剂与方解石晶体(104)晶面、(1 (1) 0)晶面的相互作用.结果表明,聚合物与方解石两晶面结合能的大小排序均为PESA＞[P(AA-co-MA)]＞...     

过渡金属离子置换钛酸(盐)纳米管的合成和表征

以掺杂(Mn、Cr、Cu)的锐钛矿相二氧化钛纳米粉体为前驱体, 采用水热法合成了过渡金属离子置换的钛酸(盐)纳米管, 并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱元素分析(EDX)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、 荧光发射光谱(PL)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 过渡金属离子置换的钛酸(盐)纳米管荧光发射强度随金属离子的置换都有不同程度的降低, 一般认为低电子空穴对复合率意味着高光量子效率. 期望置换后的钛酸(盐)纳米管有可能在催化领域得到应用.     

溴化锌-季(鎓)三溴盐催化二氧化碳和环氧化合物偶联反应

研究了溴化锌-季鎓三溴盐催化二氧化碳和环氧化合物偶联反应,考察了反应温度、压力和不同金属盐对反应的影响以及催化剂的循环使用性能.结果表明,在413 K和1.0 MPa条件下,以溴化锌为催化剂,苯基三甲基三溴化铵为共催化剂,无需加入任何溶剂就可以使二氧化碳和环氧化合物发生偶联反应,并以很高的收率得到环碳酸酯.     

过氧杂多酸(盐)在催化有机反应中的应用

含活性氧的过氧杂多酸(盐)是由杂多酸(盐)与过量H2O2反应而生成的,其具有高效的催化活性,可以用于催化氧化不同的物质,是一类性能优异的绿色催化剂,其在有机合成中有十分广阔的发展前景。本文介绍了过氧杂多酸(盐)的结构、性质和催化作用,并综述了近年来其在催化有机反应中的研究进展。     

手性Salen及Ga(Salen)催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷对映选择性开环反应

合成了14个含1,2-环己二胺、1,2-二苯基乙二胺或邻苯二胺的手性Salen化合物, 研究了手性Salen直接催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷的不对称开环反应, 结果表明二胺的结构和苯环上3,3'-位取代基对反应的对映选择性有很大的影响. 用Salen与 Me₃Ga原位生成的Ga(Salen)催化苯基锂对环氧环己烷的不对称开环反应, 与用Salen直接催化相比, 得到了更好的化学产率和对映选择性. 当用Ga(Slane) 15为催化剂时, 最佳ee值为73%.     

维生素E辛烯基琥珀酸酯的定性分析

通过比较不同高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法对维生素E与辛烯基琥珀酸酐反应产物分离效果的影响,最终建立了以Dionex Kromasil C18柱为分析柱、甲醇和0.033 mol/L H3PO4(100:1,体积比)为流动相的色谱分离条件;借助高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离源质谱联用(HPLC-APCI-MS)法检测分离得到的色谱峰,通过比较它们的紫外光谱和质谱特征,确定其中两种物质为维生素E辛烯基琥珀酸酯的异构体。     

杂多酸(盐)催化合成双季戊四醇六正戊酸单己二酸酯的研究

研究了以杂多酸 (盐 )为催化剂 ,合成双季戊四醇六正戊酸单己二酸酯的优化条件 :催化剂为反应物的 0 .8% ,季戊四醇∶己二酸∶正戊酸为1∶0 .3∶0 .5(mol) ,反应在回流温度下进行 3 .0h ,酯的产率在 93 %以上。     

碘(钅翁)盐在有机合成中的应用

本文就三价有机碘鎓盐,包括二芳基、芳基全氟烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基和芳基烯丙基碘鎓盐以及碘叶立德在有机合成上有用的反应进行综述。这些反应包括C-,O-,N-和S-基化,全氟烷基、烯基、炔基、烯丙基和亚烷基转移反应等。     

光敏聚合物——环氧聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯(AEPS)

热固性硅橡胶以耐低温、耐热、柔性、表面惰性、耐水、抗化学腐蚀等性能突出而受到重视。但又存在固化时间长,强度低,对极性物表面粘结性差等缺点,使应用受到限制。近年来光敏性聚合物的研究与开发引人注目,利用电子束或紫外光固化的聚合材料,具有固化时间短、性能好,能耗低,少污染的优点。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠-硫酸耐而蓝体系的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

提出了共振瑞利散射法(RRS)测定十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的新方法。在pH为1.98～3.29的B-R缓冲溶液中,硫酸耐而蓝与SDBS结合生成离子缔合物,使溶液共振瑞利散射(RRS)增强,其最大散射峰位于760 nm,另在533 nm、400 nm有两个较弱的散射峰。SDBS的浓度在0.04～1.6 mg/L范围内,与RRS强度有良好的线性关系,对SDBS的检出限(3σ)达0.018 mg/L。研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,表明该方法灵敏、稳定。用于环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂含量的测定,回收率为95.9%～106.7%。     

Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in food and beverages

The determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in food and beverages sold in Turkey was carried out using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 123 samples of selected food and beverages such as fish, meat, offal, egg, cracker, chips, cake, chocolate, vegetable, milk and juice were examined. The highest PFOA concentrations were determined in cow meat (5.15 ng g^?1), cow kidney (5.65 ng g^?1), cow spleen (5.06 ng g^?1) and chicken liver (5.02 ng g^?1). The highest PFOS levels were found in horse mackerel (52.43 ng g^?1), pike-perch (45.87 ng g^?1), sardine (42.83 ng g^?1) and black cod (41.33 ng g^?1). Fish was found to be major source of the PFOS intake, while meat and offal were found to be major sources of the PFOA intake.     

离子色谱法测定醇胺脱硫溶液中热稳定盐

为了控制热稳定盐(HSS)对天然气净化装置造成的危害,建立了一种同时检测醇胺脱硫溶液中的乙酸根离子、甲酸根离子、氯离子、硫酸根离子、草酸根离子、硫代硫酸根离子和硫氰酸根离子的离子色谱方法。该方法利用膜过滤、反相固相萃取和稀释3个步骤对工业样品进行前处理,采用氢氧化钾梯度淋洗和电导检测的方式,实现了7种离子的分离与检测。方法的线性范围为0.01～0.5 mmol/L,检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)小于0.1 mg/L,回收率为80.0%～100.3%。在5个不同添加浓度下分别测定了上述7个离子,色谱峰面积的重复性良好(相对标准偏差(RSD, n=10)为0.94%～3.99%。通过3个实验室比对试验,表明该方法再现性良好,色谱峰面积的RSD小于5%。应用该方法成功地检测了8家天然气净化厂、3家石油炼厂和1家煤制油工厂的脱硫溶液样品中的HSS,并连续监测某天然气净化装置15 d。该方法具有良好的可靠性和实用性。     

Synthesis, characterization and hydrolytic stability of poly (amic acid) ammonium salt

A series of new poly (amic acid) ammonium salt (PAAS) precursors were prepared by incorporating different amounts of triethylamine (TEA) into terpolymer polyamic acid (PAA), which was synthesized by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4’-oxydianiline (ODA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Then, the PAAS films were made by casting their solutions onto glass plates followed by the evaporation of the solvent. The chemical structure of PAAS films was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Mechanical properties, intrinsic viscosities and solubility of PAAS precursors were examined, respectively. It was found that the intrinsic viscosity of PAA solution obviously decreased with storage time during 30 days, while no distinct changes were observed in the intrinsic viscosity of the PAAS (the mole ratio of TEA/repeating unit of PAA = 2/1) solution after 90 days. The results suggested that hydrolytic stability of the PAAS films was significantly improved as compared with that of PAA film due to the polyelectrolyte structure of PAAS. Moreover, the thermal and mechanical properties of polyimide (PI) films prepared from PAAS precursors were also investigated, respectively.     

Enantioresolution of 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphtyl)propionic acid using diastereomeric salt formation with chiral phenylethylamine

An enantioresolution of 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphtyl)propionic acid (MαNP acid) using the diastereomeric salt with chiral (R)-phenylethylamine was achieved to give enantiopure (R)-MαNP acid in 29% yield with >99% ee based on rac-MαNP acid. X-ray crystallographic analysis of diastereomeric salt revealed that (R)-MαNP acid was tightly arranged by four independent hydrogen bonds and one CH–π interaction with (R)-phenylethylamine.     

聚邻氨基对酚磺酸修饰电极测定尿酸

尿酸(UA)是核蛋白和核酸的代谢产物,人体内尿酸的水平与肝脏疾患[1]、肾病[2]以及心血管疾病[3]等有着密切的关系.因此,对人体体液中尿酸的定量分析无论在药物控制方面还是在临床诊断方面都具有重要意义.     

Synthesis of Well-defined Poly(tetrahydrofuran)-b-Poly(α-amino acid)s via Cationic Ring-opening Polymerization(ROP) of Tetrahydrofuran and Nucleophilic ROP of N-thiocarboxyanhydrides

The synthesis of block copolymers of poly(tetrahydrofuran)-b-poly(α-amino acid)(PTHF-b-PAA) is challenging since it is difficult to combine the two blocks produced via different/conflicting ring-opening polymerization(ROP) mechanisms. In this contribution, the cationic ROP of THF is catalyzed by rare-earth triflate [RE(OTf)_3] and terminated by 2-(t-butyloxycarbonyl-amino) ethanol(BAE). After the deprotection of tbutyloxycarbonyl(Boc) group, the chain end of PTHF is quantitatively changed to amino group which thereafter initiates the nucleophilic ROP ofα-amino acid N-thiocarboxyanhydrides(NTAs). Both polymerizations are well controlled, generating PTHF and PAA segments with designable molecular weights(MWs). PTHF-b-polylysine(PTHF-b-PLys) and PTHF-b-polysarcosine(PTHF-b-PSar) are obtained with MWs between 8.6 and28.7 kg/mol. The above amphiphilic diblock copolymers form micelles in water. PTHF_(40)-b-PSar_(32) acts as a surfactant to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Both segments of PTHF-b-PAA are biocompatible and promising in the biomedical application.     

Complexation between poly(acrylic acid) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone): Influence of the molecular weight of poly(acrylic acid) and small molecule salt on the complexation

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with different molecular weight and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were prepared by free radical polymerization using 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator in anhydrous methanol for PAA, and in distilled water for PVP. Then, the complexation between PAA and PVP in aqueous solution was studied by UV transmittance measurement and fluorescence probe technique. The result shows that (1) at low pH, the formation of complexation between PAA and PVP bases on the intermacromolecular hydrogen bond and the composition of the formed complex is around 3:2 (the unit molar ratio of PAA to PVP) at pH 2.60 over the range of pH investigated. (2) The cooperative interaction through the formation of hydrogen bond among active sites plays an important role in complex formation, and depends on the pH of solution, the required minimum chain length of poly(acrylic acid). (3) The hydrogen bond is not affected by small molecular salt, which only affects those carboxylic groups without forming hydrogen bond on the PAA chain.     

Structural Studies on Saturated Aqueous Solutions of Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II) Chlorides by X-ray Diffraction

As a part of our studies on crystallization processes of electrolytes, the structure of aqueous solutions of MCl₂ (M = Mn, Co, Ni) equilibrated with hydrate crystals, MCl₂ · mH₂O (m = 6, 4, 2), was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction at 25, 40, 55, and 70°C. The complexes formed in MnCl₂ solutions, were found to be mixed–ligand chloroaqua octahedral complexes of M²⁺ ions with the Mn—O and Mn—Cl distances of about 220 and 251 pm, respectively. The average number of Mn—Cl and Mn—O interactions increased from 1.2 to 1.9 and decreased from 4.8 to 4.1, respectively, with changing MnCl₂ solutions from Mn25 (MnCl₂ solution at 25°C) to Mn70 (MnCl₂ solution at 70°C). In the octahedral species of Co²⁺, the Co—O and Co—Cl distances were found to be about 211 and 240 pm, respectively. With an increase in the saturated concentration by changing temperature from 25 to 70°C, the average coordination number of the Co—Cl contact per Co²⁺ increased from 0.5 to 1.2, and the average number of Co—O interactions decreased from 5.5 to 4.8. The structural analysis was carried out by taking into consideration the existence of the tetrahedral species in the solutions saturated at 40, 55, and 70°C, on the assumption of the existence of [CoCl₄]^2–. The Co—Cl distance was found to be 228 pm, while the number of Co—Cl interactions in the [CoCl₄] complex was calculated to be 3.7 by the least-squares calculations. The Ni—O and Ni—Cl distances were estimated to be about 206 and 237 pm, respectively. The frequency factor n of the Ni—O and Ni—Cl interactions decreased monotonously from 5.6 to 5.0 and increased from 0.4 to 1.0, respectively, with increasing NiCl₂ concentration. The n values of the Co—Cl and Ni—Cl interactions of the octahedral complexes increased sharply with concentration at higher concentrations. Comparing structures of the complexes in the saturated solutions and the hydrate crystals of these metal ions, we discussed a role of the complexing species on crystallization of the hydrates.     

Zinc underpotential deposition at Pt(111) and Pt(110) under the influence of boric acid and chloride anions

Zinc underpotential deposition (Zn UPD) was studied by cyclic voltammetry in solutions of various pH and composition, where the effects of the presence of boric acid or chloride in the solution were observed. We have found that the cyclic voltammograms of Zn UPD at Pt(111) were dependent on boric acid concentrations, zinc ion concentrations, and pH in acidic solutions. These suggest that the induced adsorption of borate by releasing of H⁺ is accompanied with Zn UPD. The preadsorbed chloride species on Pt(110) accelerate the UPD process by their removal just before the UPD, making the surface sites available for the process, and the UPD remains at identical electrode potentials, while the chloride ions do not take part in the induced adsorption on UPD Zn at Pt, as clearly found by the radiotracer method. These show that the anions play versatile roles in the process of adlayer formation by their different but essential chemical characteristics. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 745–751 The text was submitted by the authors in English.