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1.
前列腺癌的分期和诊断   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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2.
前列腺癌的诊断方法及其临床意义   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
为提高前列腺癌的早期诊断水平,对1985~1995年收治的36例前列腺癌根据临床症状、直肠指检、B超、CT、MRI、活检及瘤标检查等,分析其诊断价值。结果:临床症状中排尿不畅33例(91.6%),尿潴留15例(41.6%),血尿12例(33.3%),假性尿失禁、消瘦、阴囊水肿4例(11.1%);直肠指检可触及前列腺质地坚硬28例(77.7%),腺体表面高低不平11例(30.5%),单纯性结节26例(72.2%)。B超34例,腺体增大凸入膀胱8例(23.5%),内部强回声4例(11.7%),低回声12例(35.2%),两侧叶不对称、伴高低不平13例(38.2%),浸润膀胱壁和三角区6例(17.6%),侵犯双侧精囊和直肠壁3例(8.8%);活检阳性24例(92.3%),PSA检查23例,均高于正常值。结果认为,临床症状、影像学检查及瘤标PSA测定是诊断前列腺癌的重要依据。  相似文献   

3.
前列腺癌的诊断与临床分期   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
回顾性分析68例经病理学证实的前列腺癌病例,直肠指诊诊断或疑为前列腺癌的病例占89.7%,经直肠B超检查诊断符合率为93.8%(30/32),并可显示前列腺包膜、膀胱颈及精囊受累情况,前列腺活检阳性检出率可达97.3%(32/33),CT检查对精囊受累及盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断有重要价值,核素骨显像是检出骨转移癌最敏感的方法。对前列腺癌的早期诊断和分期方法进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
前列腺癌50例诊断分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:分析我院前列腺癌诊断现状,以提高前列腺癌的早期诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析我院1998年4月~2003年4月收治的50例前列腺癌患者临床资料。50例患者分别通过直肠指检(DRE)、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、经直肠B超(TRUS)、前列腺穿刺活检、CT、MRI、同位素骨扫描(ECT)等检查明确诊断。结果:DRE提示前列腺增大、质地坚硬或触及结节36例(72%);PSA<4×10-3ng/L 3例(6%),PSA(4~10)×10-3ng/L 7例(14%),PSA>10×10-3ng/L 40例(80%);前列腺穿刺活检阳性74.4%(32/43);TRUS诊断符合率84%(42/50);CT、MRI诊断符合率40%(20/50);ECT诊断符合率60%(30/50)。病理分期为A期和B期10例(20%),C期和D期40例(80%)。结论:前列腺癌的早期诊断仍是一个急待解决的问题,开展有关前列腺癌的预防教育工作,提高患者防范意识及医务人员的诊断意识,定期专科检查和加强特定人群的随访意识,可提高前列腺癌的早期诊断率。  相似文献   

5.
前列腺癌的临床诊断   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
前列腺癌的临床诊断梅骅作者单位:510120广州,中山医科大学附属第一医院在所有器官的恶性肿瘤中,前列腺癌的自然病史是最独特的,它变化多端,因人而异,难以预料,不像其他器官的恶性肿瘤那样以险恶结果告终。大多数患者肿瘤可以潜伏很长时间,甚至终生不被发现...  相似文献   

6.
317例前列腺癌诊断分析   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
目的 提高前列腺癌的诊断水平。 方法 回顾性分析 317例前列腺癌患者的临床资料 ,对前列腺癌的筛选诊断方法进行统计分析。 结果  317例前列腺癌占同期泌尿外科住院患者总数的 2 .2 % ,为同期泌尿生殖系肿瘤患者的 9.8%。近 10年收治的新病例数为前 2 0年的 4 .2倍。临床应用PSA检测后确诊为前列腺癌的患者数 (2 11例 )和T1~T2 患者的比例 (6 0 .2 % )显著高于PSA检测应用前 (10 6例 ,5 0 .0 % )。单项PSA、直肠指检 (DRE)及经直肠前列腺超声 (TRUS)检查的诊断阳性率为 86 .1%~ 89.1%。而当PSA结合DRE或TRUS任何一项检查时 ,阳性率可提高至 99.0 %。相关分析显示 :血清PSA与临床分期、病理分级及肿瘤体积显著相关。 结论 近 10年前列腺癌患者的住院人数呈增高趋势。血清PSA检测对于发现早期肿瘤具有重要意义。PSA与DRE、TRUS是筛选诊断前列腺癌的主要方法 ,三者结合可提高诊断阳性率与准确率  相似文献   

7.
为了提高前列腺癌的诊断水平,应用人精浆蛋白(γ-Sm)和前列腺酸性磷酸酶(PAP)单克隆抗体分别对正常人及前列腺癌患者进行血清学检查。正常血清γ-Sm值<3μg/L,PAP<1.6μg/L,前列腺癌γ-Sm阳性率89%(65/73),PAP阳性率71%(52/73)。其它泌尿系疾病及泌尿系外恶性肿瘤共90例无1例升高。同时应用 ̄(131)I-γ-Sm放射免疫显像(RII)对69例前列腺癌进行影像学定位诊断,阳性66例。结果证实,精浆蛋白是前列腺癌的一个良好的肿瘤标志物。  相似文献   

8.
目的:总结腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗早期前列腺癌的手术经验。方法:采用前列腺特异抗原检测和前列腺穿刺筛选10例PT1b~PT3a前列腺癌患者,用腹腔镜行前列腺癌根治术,总结手术时间、出血量和并发症的发生情况,并进行术后随访。结果:10例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术均获成功。手术时间210~310min,平均250min;出血量200~500ml,平均340ml。术中发生大出血2例,术后尿外渗1例,未出现尿失禁和排尿困难。结论:腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术涉及较多腹腔镜下分离、切割、止血和缝合技术,只有熟悉前列腺的局部解剖、使用良好的腹腔镜器械、熟练掌握各种腹腔镜操作技术,才能缩短手术时间,减少手术并发症的发生。  相似文献   

9.
前列腺特性性抗原密度的测定在诊断前列腺癌中的价值   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对10例非转移性前列腺癌和20例前列腺增生的前列腺特异性抗原密度进行研究。前列腺癌平均PSAD值为0.7111,而前列腺增生为0.075;两者有极显著性差异。9例PSAD>0.2者,8例为前列腺癌。16例PSAD<0.1者,无1例前列腺癌。8例前列腺癌患者中有3例前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)<10ng/ml,1例<2.8ng/ml。16例前列腺增生患者中7例PSA>2.8ng/ml,3例>10mg/  相似文献   

10.
11.
Prospective pathological staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy in 12 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate disclosed a high incidence (58%) of clinically silent and unsuspected lymph node metastases. The incidence of positive nodes was 0% in patients with clinical stage A disease, 33% in stage B, 100% in stage C disease. Serum acid phosphatase was not a useful staging marker. Excellent correlation existed between histological grade and pathological stage. Gleason's sum was predictive of nodal metastases.  相似文献   

12.
前列腺特异性抗原普查在诊断前列腺癌中的作用   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
目的 了解血清叫前列腺特异抗原(T-PSA)、游离PSA(F-PSA)、PSA密度(PSAD)在诊断前列腺癌中的作用。方法 门诊检查40岁以上男性病人共324例,活检筛查出前列腺癌9例(2.8%),将病人分组进行比较。结果 前列腺癌组T-PSA、F-PSA和PSAD高于前列腺增生和其他疾病组(P〈0.05)。血清T-PSA〈4ng/ml、4~10ng/ml、〉10ng/ml者发现前列腺癌的比例分别  相似文献   

13.
前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌诊治特点分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCPCa)的临床特征和诊疗方法.方法 SCPCa患者4例,平均年龄62(25~77)岁.表现进行性排尿困难4例,慢性尿潴留2例,上尿路积水2例.直肠指检前列腺巨大、质硬包块;血tPSA 0.57~6.36 ng/ml,f/tPSA 0.26~0.63.B超、CT、MRI检查见前列腺区3.9 cm×3.9 cm× 1.6 cm~11.3 cm× 7.9 cm×9.5 cm肿块,形态不规则,侵犯精囊2例、直肠2例、单侧输尿管下端2例、骶骨1例,盆腔淋巴结转移3例、肝转移1例、肺转移1例;全身骨扫描示多处骨转移3例.结果 4例均经前列腺穿刺活检确诊,光镜下见癌细胞呈卵圆形或梭形,体积小、胞质少,界限欠清,核分裂相多见,染色质深染;免疫组化染色:ChA(+)4例、NSE(+)2例、PSA(-)4例.采用以顺铂为基础的化疗、放疗、化疗加放疗各1例,近期疗效较好,但分别于6、9、11个月出现全身广泛转移;放弃治疗1例;1年内死亡3例,失访1例.结论 SCPCa临床罕见,肿瘤恶性度高、生长快,发生转移早且严重,诊断依靠病理检查,综合治疗效果不佳,预后极差.  相似文献   

14.
TURP在前列腺癌诊治中的作用评价   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
目的评价经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)在前列腺癌诊治中的作用。方法采用TURP方法,随机在19例直肠指诊阴性、血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)升高(平均14.5ng/ml)的可疑前列腺癌病例切除前列腺组织,并对组织作病理学诊断。8例确诊前列腺癌病例中,通过姑息性TURP,缓解BOO的症状。结果19例可疑前列腺癌者中,6例术后病理诊断为前列腺癌(33%),随访3个月~6年,全部存活。姑息性TURP使4例合并BOO患者的症状得到缓解,但术后3个月,2例需再次行姑息性TURP。结论特定情况下TURP对前列腺癌的诊断有一定作用。姑息性TURP能够缓解BOO症状,但远期效果不理想。  相似文献   

15.
Between June, 1982 and May, 1985, 37 patients underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate, 23 patients as an independent procedure. Of these 23 patients 7 had pelvic node metastasis. Node involvement occurred in 60% with clinical stage C tumors. Correlation with tumor grade revealed nodal metastasis in none of the latients with well differentiated tumors, 33.3% of those with moderately differentiated lesions, and 75% of those with poorly differentiated tumors. Metastatic disease most commonly involved the obturator-hypogastric lymphnodes (85.7%). Of the 23 patients, 14 underwent conventional node dissection, and 9 limited node dissection. Complications of lymphocele, lymphfistula, penoscrotal edema and lower extremity edema occurred mostly in patients with conventional node dissection. Limited staging pelvic node dissection provides information similar to that identified after more extensive dissection and can be accomplished with little morbidity.  相似文献   

16.
目的探讨AgNORs图像分析在前列腺癌(PCa)中的诊断价值。方法应用AgNORs图像分析系统,对19例BPH,13例PCa进行细胞核面积、核仁面积、两面积比值、核仁灰度、AgNORs颗粒计数进行定量对比研究。结果BPH组、PCa低分化(PCaL)组、PCa高分化(PCaH)组在细胞核面积、核仁面积、两面积比值、核仁灰度、AgNORs颗粒计数上差异均有显著性(P<0.01),其中核仁面积、AgNORs颗粒计数、两面积比对诊断前列腺癌的敏感性分别为100.0%、100.0%、76.9%,特异性分别为94.7%、89.5%、89.5%。结论AgNORs图像分析多参数测定优于单纯AgNORs计数,可作为诊断前列腺癌的辅助指标。  相似文献   

17.
Staging laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of transperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy as a separate staging procedure in patients with early prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results were reviewed from the first 27 patients with prostate cancer admitted for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy between January 1994 and March 1998. Initially, all patients with a negative bone scan and either a negative computed tomography or negative magnetic resonance scan were admitted for laparoscopic staging. After several reports detailing ways of reducing the number of negative lymphadenectomy operations, from July 1996 only those patients with a preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum level of >10 ng/mL were admitted to the study. All procedures were performed by one experienced laparoscopic surgeon. A radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed as a separate procedure by a consultant urologist within 2 weeks. The effectiveness of the staging operation was analysed by assessing the nodal yield, and the results, including operative duration, complications and length of stay, were compared with other published series. Further analysis was provided by reviewing the PSA levels, Gleason grade sum and clinical digital staging. RESULTS: The nodal yield was similar to that published in series from other institutions, with a median (range) of 6.5 (0-12). However, the operation was significantly quicker, at a median (range) of 55 (40-110) min for a bilateral dissection. There were only minor complications, with no detectable reduction in complications with experience; the median (range) postoperative stay was 1 (1-4) days. Two of the 27 patients had metastatic disease within the lymph nodes. If a PSA level of >10 ng/mL had been instituted as an entry criteria at the start of the study, six patients would have been excluded and thus the positive lymphadenectomy rate would have been two of 21 patients (10%). Of 54 patients eligible to enter the study, half did not require a lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic transperitoneal lymphadenectomy can be performed expeditiously and safely. A two-stage procedure in some patients with prostate cancer is the management of choice. Attention to carefully closing the peritoneum with sutures minimizes any retropubic adhesions and no problems associated with the staging procedure were encountered during subsequent radical retropubic prostatectomy. In efforts to reduce negative staging lymphadenectomies, the exclusion values for staging should not be set too high (PSA and Gleason grading sum). Such practice, despite a relatively safe staging procedure, would lead to unnecessary radical prostatectomy.  相似文献   

18.
目的探讨存活素(survivin)基因表达与前列腺癌激素依赖性间的关系。方法应用雄激素依赖性前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP和非依赖性细胞系PC3构建2种。BALB/C鼠肿瘤模型,每组16只。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot方法检测动物去势术前后2种癌结节中存活素基因和蛋白的水平。结果2种癌结节中均检测到存活素mRNA,而在非癌组织均未检测到。LNCaP组去势手术前、后存活素mRNA表达值分别为0.95±0.12和0.80±0.10;PC3组分别为0.93±0.11和0.85±0.10,2组间及组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LNCaP组术前蛋白含量相对值(1.25±0.15)与PC3组(1.15±0.10)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.220)。去势术后LNCaP组蛋白水平(0.48±0.08)显著下降(P=0.001),而PC3组(0.90±0.10)与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论存活素基因转录后水平的调控差异可能是前列腺癌对激素依赖性差异的机理之一。  相似文献   

19.
本研究利用不同浓度的丙酸睾丸素(TP)治疗雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌细胞株(PC-3m)裸鼠可移植瘤,并观察了其生长及瘤组织中的腺苷酸环化酶(AC)和鸟苷酸环化酶(GC)的活性变化。结果发现可移植瘤生长呈双相效应,并伴有相应的AC活性水平的变化。其中TPⅡ组的瘤重明显高于对照组,AC和GC活性无变化;TP Ⅲ组的瘤重明显低于对照组,AC活性明显升高,为13.847±11.335pmol·Min(-1)·mg蛋白(-1)。本研究结果为临床利用高水平雄激素治疗晚期复发的前列腺癌提供了实验依据,同时对高水平雄激素抑制前列腺癌生长及其与AC和GC的关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

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