当前我国棕榈油进口快速增长的原因分析

当前我国棕榈油进口快速增长，2019年进口增速达到41.76%。虽然棕榈油进口成为弥补我国食用植物油产需缺口的重要力量，其进口量占食用植物油进口量的60%以上，但若其持续快速增长，将会受国外供给制约，影响国内食用植物油稳定供给。因此，在分析当前我国棕榈油进口快速增长特征的基础上，从食用植物油进口需求增加、棕榈油自身价格优势、国内外相关贸易政策三方面探讨原因，并从扩大国内油料生产，增加国产食用植物油供给，鼓励企业“走出去”，稳定棕榈油进口来源，加强“一带一路”合作，拓展其他油脂进口渠道提出应对策略，以期为平缓棕榈油进口增速提供参考。     

全球食用油料贸易格局演变及其对中国的启示

为保障我国粮油安全以及促进我国食用油料进出口贸易发展，基于2000—2020年的全球食用油料贸易数据，采用社会网络分析方法对全球食用油料贸易网络结构特征及其演变进行分析，并对我国食用油料贸易网络特征进行进一步探究，并提出相关的政策建议。结果表明：近20年来，全球参与食用油料贸易各国家间的关系趋于紧密，贸易主体多元化发展，贸易效率有所提升；全球食用油料贸易网络中的核心国家主要包括美国、中国、德国、荷兰等，进出口贸易国家间的结构不对称，主要参与国存在一定变化，但核心国家仍对贸易网络具备一定控制能力；中国是食用油料贸易的枢纽国家，进出口贸易伙伴国众多，参与贸易的食用油料品种较为丰富，但进口来源国较为集中，作为进口大国易受到新冠疫情、国际政治局势变动等外部因素的影响，因此中国在食用油料贸易方面正面临着众多挑战。我国应提高国内食用油料的生产水平，积极拓展国内、国际两个市场，规避食用油料国际贸易中存在的风险的同时，促进我国食用油料进口来源市场多元化与进口品种多样化，从而保障我国粮油安全。     

中国植物油料产业内贸易的实证研究

产业内贸易对我国油料安全具有深远影响。为推动我国植物油料贸易和产业的健康发展，从总体和分类两个层面分别计算2011—2020年中国植物油料的Grubel-Lioyd指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数以及Thom&McDowell指数，分析我国植物油料贸易现状，并提出相应建议。结果表明：近年来我国植物油料贸易增量主要来自产业间贸易，植物油料的总体产业内贸易水平偏低；Thom&McDowell指数表明近年来我国植物油料产业内贸易主要来自垂直型产业内贸易。基于此现状，针对性地提出实施差异化的植物油料产业内贸易发展战略，建立植物油料贸易可持续发展的长效机制，培育具备国际竞争力的大型农企集团，提升植物油料风险管控能力等相关政策建议。     

全球生物柴油产业发展现状及其对我国植物油 安全的影响

近年来,全球生物柴油产业快速发展,用于生产生物柴油的植物油消费量持续增加,对我国植物油供给稳定造成影响。对全球生物柴油整体发展情况、生物柴油产业发展影响因素、主要生产国生物柴油政策、生物柴油产业发展前景等进行研究,分析了全球生物柴油产业发展对我国植物油安全的影响,并提出相关建议。生物柴油产业发展改变了全球植物油消费结构、贸易流向,对我国油脂油料进口构成威胁,影响我国植物油供给安全。建议发展中国特色的生物柴油产业,提高我国油脂油料自给率,推动植物油多元化进口,确保我国植物油供给安全,同时呼吁生物柴油生产国优先保障食用消费,合理发展生物柴油。     

马来西亚棕榈油在食品和饲料中的应用及油棕行业可持续发展的研究进展

目前棕榈油是全球第一大产量的植物油,其性状稳定,含有丰富的维生素 E和类胡萝卜素等营养成分,且价格具有竞争力,因此被广泛应用于食品加工及饲料等行业。马来西亚作为世界棕榈油主要生产国和出口国之一,对全球棕榈油市场具有重要贡献。综述了马来西亚棕榈油生产、贸易及可持续发展状况,并对棕榈油在食品和饲料行业的应用进行总结,以期为棕榈油的消费和应用提供参考。     

世界棕榈油的生产贸易及我国消费现状分析

棕榈油作为世界主要油脂品种之一,其生产量和贸易量均位居世界第一,在植物油生产和消费市场中占有极其重要的地位。详细论述了近年世界棕榈油的生产及进出口贸易情况;并对近年我国棕榈油的进口数量、品种、消费以及分提加工现状进行了分析。     

中国城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量的 趋势预测与影响因素分析

城镇居民食用植物油消费量变化趋势影响着城乡居民整体食用植物油消费走向，深入研究其变化趋势和影响因素，可以为我国制定科学合理的粮油供给安全战略和相关产业发展政策提供参考。基于2000—2020年我国城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量及其影响因素数据，从宏观角度出发，利用城市化率、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、城镇食用植物油零售价格指数、消费习惯4个主要因素构建灰色GM(1,5)预测模型，并对2021—2025年城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量进行预测。结果表明：构建的模型平均相对误差绝对值为4.94%,满足模型预测要求；应用该模型进行预测发现，2021—2025年我国城镇居民人均食用植物油消费量恢复到10 kg以上，且呈小幅增长态势，叠加持续增长的城镇人口数量，我国油料油脂进口量将进一步增加。为此，提出了引导油脂消费结构调整、加强对食用油的质量安全监督、提高食用油利用效率和杜绝浪费等政策性建议。     

植物油配额发放对油脂市场的影响

期待已久的植物油配额已经正式发放。现就食用油配额对我国油脂市场的影响做一简要分析。１．１９９９年食用油配额发放数量相对较少，大豆油、菜籽油除去用于补库的３０多万ｔ以外，只有很少一部分（１０万ｔ左右）可以投放市场，对市场冲击不会太大。２．１９９９年的棕榈油配额７０万ｔ～８０万ｔ，其中一般贸易５０万ｔ，不过我国棕榈油本是供不应求，缺口也较大。另一方面，棕榈油由于自身的特殊性，在使用范围上有一定的局限性，除煎炸行业直接消耗外，它对于其他油脂的影响一般是通过掺入来实现的，这种掺入就有一个主与辅的问题。３…     

世界主要油料及植物油生产和贸易格局分析

总结分析了世界油料及植物油生产和贸易发展概况以及大豆、油菜籽、棉籽、花生和棕榈油、大豆油、菜籽油、葵花籽油的生产和贸易格局变动,在此基础上对世界市场的发展趋势和中国的应对策略进行了展望。分析认为大豆主导着世界油料的生产和贸易,国际市场上没有强有力的替代大豆的油料品种;棕榈油、大豆油主导着世界植物油的生产和贸易,棕榈油为大豆油的主要竞争品种;世界油料及植物油的生产和出口较为集中,呈现寡头垄断的格局;油料及植物油进口相对分散,但中国在世界进口市场上占有重要地位。     

纵横信息

<正>国务院办公厅印发《关于加快木本油料产业发展的意见》国务院办公厅近日印发《关于加快木本油料产业发展的意见》,部署加快木本油料产业发展,大力增加健康优质食用植物油供给,切实维护国家粮油安全,提出到2020年,建成800个油茶、核桃、油用牡丹等木本油料重点县,木本油料树种种植面积从现有的800万hm2发展到1 333万hm2,     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.