Bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the clinical significance of morphologic discordance between the lymph node and bone marrow. Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group.

Bone marrow specimens from 317 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) obtained at initial staging were evaluated for the presence of lymphoma or benign lymphoid aggregates. Thirty-two percent (102 patients) had lymphoma in their bone marrow, and 9% had benign lymphoid aggregates. Bone marrow lymphoma was present in 39% of low-grade, 36% of intermediate-grade, and 18% of high-grade lymphomas. The bone marrow was involved in 25% of patients with diffuse large-cell or immunoblastic NHL (ie, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma of Rappaport). Bone marrow involvement did not affect survival of patients with low-grade NHL, but survival was significantly shorter (P = .03) for patients with intermediate- and high-grade NHL with bone marrow involvement. Bone marrow involvement was equally common in B-cell and T-cell NHL (31% v 32%). However, patients with T-cell NHL and bone marrow involvement had shorter survival than B-cell NHL with marrow involvement (P = .02) or T-cell NHL without marrow involvement (P = .05). A high incidence of morphologic discordance between lymph node and bone marrow was observed (ie, 40%), always with a more aggressive subtype in the lymph node than in the bone marrow. Presence of large-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow predicted for short survival. Survival for patients with small-cell lymphoma in their bone marrow did not differ significantly from patients with negative bone marrows. We conclude that bone marrow involvement in large-cell NHL, especially in those of T-cell origin, portends a poor prognosis. However, the subgroup of patients with an aggressive histologic subtype of NHL in a lymph node biopsy and small-cell NHL in the bone marrow do not have a poorer outlook than those without bone marrow involvement.     

Follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese: a retrospective analysis

Follicular lymphoma is relatively rare in Hong Kong Chinese. Fifty-two patients with follicular lymphoma were reviewed. The histology was nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated (NLPD) in 75 per cent, nodular mixed (NM) in 21 per cent and nodular histiocytic (NH) in 4 per cent. Our patients appeared to have a higher proportion of NLPD and a lower proportion of NM lymphoma than the western series. Fifty patients were analysed excluding the two patients with NH lymphoma. They had a median age of 50 and a male to female ratio of 0.92. Seventy-two per cent of them presented with asymptomatic lymph node enlargement. Twenty per cent had B symptoms and 32 per cent bulky tumour. Twelve per cent had stage I disease, 2 per cent stage II, 30 per cent stage III and 56 per cent stage IV. A high incidence of bone marrow involvement (48 per cent of all patients) was found. All seven stage I-II patients responded to involved-field radiotherapy alone and none of them has relapsed. The 43 stage III-IV patients were treated with chemotherapy without deferral and a majority of them received CVP (51.1 per cent) or chlorambucil alone (34.9 per cent). The complete response rate of stage III-IV patients was 81 per cent and 26 per cent of the complete responders relapsed. The 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival of all patients (stage III and IV) were 50 per cent and 65 per cent respectively. The DFS curve showed a pattern of continuous relapses. Stage III patients appeared to have a better complete response rate, a lower relapse rate and superior disease-free survival than stage IV patients but the differences did not reach statistical significance. However, the overall survival of stage III patients was significantly better than stage IV patients (p less than 0.02). Other factors including sex, age, presence of bulky tumour, B symptoms, histologic subtypes and the chemotherapeutic regimes did not significantly affect their prognosis.     

CCNU in combination chemotherapy for advanced histologically unfavorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

During a 3-year period 39 evaluable patients with stage III and IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and unfavorable histologies were treated with a unique chemotherapeutic regimen based on a modified CHOP combination to which was added the nitrosourea, CCNU. Complete response was observed in six of 15 (40%) patients with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DPDL), four of 11 (36%) with diffuse mixed histiocytic lymphocytic (DML), and seven of 13 (54%) with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL). Of the 17 patients who achieved complete response, nine (53%) have remained continuously disease-free for greater than 2.5 years (2.7-4.1 years) from the onset of therapy: four of six with DPDL, two of four with DML, and three of seven with DHL. Median survival was 18.9 months for all patients, 18.9 months for those with DPDL, 17.4 months for those with DML, and 9.7 months for those with DHL. The median survival has not been reached for patients who attained a complete response, and will exceed 3.3 years. Central nervous system relapse was observed in three patients. In general, toxicity was moderate and consisted primarily of leukopenia, nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity. There were no drug-related deaths. The addition of CCNU to a modified CHOP combination resulted in an effective, generally well-tolerated out-patient regimen. However, it did not appear to decrease the rate of CNS relapse or improve current treatment results observed with other adriamycin-containing regimens for similar patients.     

Diffuse large cell lymphoma with discordant bone marrow histology. Clinical features and biological implications

In patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (LCL), bone marrow involvement at the time of diagnosis is a poor prognostic sign. Since 1980, the authors have encountered 13 patients LCL who had simultaneous bone marrow involvement by small cleaved cell lymphoma (11 cases) or mixed small and LCL (two cases), a phenomenon known as "discordant" or "divergent" bone marrow histology. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 85 years (median, 61 years) and presented most commonly with Stage III or IV disease, independent of bone marrow involvement. Seventy-seven percent achieved complete remission (CR) with combination chemotherapy; 50% of these eventually relapsed and died of their disease. One patient died of unrelated causes. No recurrences of low-grade lymphoma were observed, as judged either by clinical behavior or rebiopsy. The survival of the patients with discordant bone marrow histology was compared with that of patients with LCL with or without bone marrow involvement by LCL. Of the 11 patients with discordant marrow histology followed for a minimum of 2 years, four (36%) are long-term survivors; this is comparable to the 2-year survival of patients with LCL without bone marrow involvement (45%). In contrast, 89% of patients with bone marrow biopsy specimens positive for LCL died within 18 months from the time of diagnosis (mean survival, 5.7 months). All diffuse LCL tested were of B-lineage. The authors attempted to determine whether the presence of discordant bone marrow histologic types indicated an underlying low-grade B-cell lymphoma in these patients by evaluating the peripheral blood of the long-term survivors for the presence of clonal excess. Of the three surviving evaluable patients tested, one had evidence of clonal excess in the peripheral blood. For patients with LCL who have a simultaneous bone marrow biopsy positive for low-grade lymphoma (discordant marrow histology), survival is no different from that of patients with negative marrows, and markedly better than that for patients with marrows positive for diffuse LCL. The biological significance of discordant bone marrow histology is not clear at this time.     

Predictive factors for central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: significance of very high serum LDH concentrations

Factors predictive for central nervous system (CNS) involvement at presentation were investigated in 152 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) except for lymphoblastic cell lymphoma and small noncleaved cell lymphoma. Twelve patients developed CNS involvement during their disease course. The incidence was 7.9% of all the patients studied and 17.0% of the patients with serum LDH concentration > or = two times the upper limit of normal (2N). By univariate analysis, stage IV disease (P = .023), a serum LDH concentration > or = 2 N (P = .009), and bone marrow involvement (P = .016) were risk factors for CNS involvement. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a serum LDH concentration > or = 2 N (P = .032) as an independent predictor for CNS involvement. All 12 patients who developed CNS involvement were among the 126 patients with diffuse lymphoma, whereas none of the 17 patients with follicular lymphoma developed CNS involvement, although the difference was not statistically significant. The median survival of the patients with CNS involvement was only 4.5 months. We conclude that a serum LDH concentration > or = 2N at presentation is a significant predictive factor for CNS involvement for NHL patients without lymphoblastic lymphoma and small noncleaved cell lymphoma. Therefore, we would suggest that CNS prophylaxis should be considered for patients with a serum LDH concentration > or = 2N at presentation and diffuse lymphoma once a complete remission is achieved.     

Signs,Symptoms and Complications of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma According to Grade and Stage in South Iran

Background: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous type of neoplasm of the lymphatic system.To have a more accurate and early diagnosis we need to know signs, symptoms and complications of lymphomain early stages besides pathology and immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: This prospective studyincluded 110 cases of NHL that were followed since February 2012 till November 2013. Biopsies were takenfrom all the patients besides bone marrow study. Signs and symptoms were categorized into “B” symptoms,general, lymphadenopathy and extranodal involvement and we compared the frequencies by stage and grade.Results: Of 110 cases, 88.9% had B-cell and 11.1% T-cell type with mean age 48.5±18.6 years. “B” symptomsand lymphadenopathy were more common in men. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common sign(44.8%). and hematologic, bone marrow, bone and neurologic lesions were the most common complications.All complications were more common in males. “B” symptoms were seen mostly in stage III, general signs andsymptoms in stage IV, and lymphadenopathy in stage II. Intermediate grade was also the most common in allsigns and symptoms. In this study 12 (10.9%) patients had relapse, with neurologic and bone marrow as themost common sites of tumor recurrence. Conclusions: There is a meaningful relationship between male genderfor NHL and anemia that can be due in part to higher incidence of bone marrow involvement and stage IVdisease in male cases. We also found a strong relationship between low grade NHL and age. On the other handextranodal involvement is more common in female groups.     

骨髓涂片免疫组织化学与骨髓活组织检查诊断非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的比较

目的：比较骨髓涂片免疫组织化学和骨髓活组织检查在检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）骨髓受累中的优缺点。方法收集60例初治NHL患者,应用骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法和骨髓活组织检查检测是否骨髓受累,并将患者的年龄、临床分期、结外受累、B症状等临床因素与两种检测方法结果进行相关性分析。结果骨髓涂片免疫组织化学和骨髓活组织检查检测出的NHL骨髓受累阳性率分别为10.0%（6／60）、3.3%（2／60）（P＝0.008）;B细胞来源时,两者阳性率分别为6.6%（4／60）和3.3%（2／60）（P＝0.007）,T细胞来源时,阳性率分别为3.3%（2／60）、0（0／60）。经相关性分析,两种检测方法与患者性别、年龄、Karnofsky评分、B症状、结外累及、乳酸脱氢酶、血小板数、血红蛋白含量、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、分期均无关（均P＞0.05）。结论骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法检测NHL骨髓受累的阳性率高于活组织检查,进一步分析B细胞或T细胞来源时,骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法仍有相对优势。     

Clinicopathological studies on bone marrow involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between pathomorphological features and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with bone marrow involvement (BMI). METHODS: Plastic-embedded section of bone marrow biopsy was stained with H-Giemsa-E. Immunotyping of NHL was performed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients with NHLBMI(male: 52, female: 18; median age: 49 years) was studied. There were 20 patients with T cell-lymphoma and 50 patients with B cell-lymphoma. The extent of bone marrow involvement was minimal in 15 cases, moderate in 16 cases and severe in 39 cases. Bone marrow involvement was of interstitial type in 23 cases, nodular type in 7 cases, and mixed type in 18 cases and diffuse type in 22 cases. The frequency of splenomegaly in nodular type NHLBMI was significantly higher than that in any other type. Nodular type NHLBMI occurred mainly in B cell-lymphoma. Lymphoma cell leukemia (LCL) developed in 14 of 39 (35.9%) cases of NHL with severe bone marrow involvement which was significantly more frequent than that in NHL with mild and moderate bone marrow involvement. CONCLUSION: Difference in the extent and pattern of bone marrow involvement in NHL is related to clinical manifestations. Bone marrow biopsy helps evaluate response to treatment.     

Study of bone marrow cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by DNA analysis

Using Southern-blot analysis, we studied samples of bone marrow (BM) cells from 73 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in various clinical status. The frequency of gene rearrangement was disease-status dependent with a frequency of 65.8% at the diagnostic stage, 81.8% after relapse and 33.3% upon complete remission (CR). BM involvement was evident in a substantial portion of patients with untreated and relapsed lymphoma. The significance of BM involvement by DNA hybridization in relation to conventional clinical staging and histological grade was studied. By Southern-blot analysis, BM involvement was found in 76% of the patients at clinical stages (CS) I–III. The incidence of BM involvement in low, intermediate and high grades of NHL (Working Formulation) was 57%(4/7), 67%(22/33), and 89%(8/9) respectively. A comparative study of conventional BM biopsy vs DNA hybridization in a group of 47 NHL patients showed that all 12 patients (100%) with morphological BM involvement and 25 out of 35 patients (71%) with morphologically normal BM had clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig), heavy chain and/or light chain, or T-cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) genes in BM cells. The false negative rate in conventional BM biopsy was 53%(25/47). Southern-blot analysis on lymph nodes (LN) and BM cells from 37 patients showed that 6 patients (16%) had cross-lineage or different rearranged patterns in the same or different tissues. Southern-blot analysis was found to be highly reliable for the detection of even minimal populations of lymphoma cells in the BM and therefore should be the diagnostic choice for clinical staging of lymphoma.     

Is cranial radiation necessary for CNS prophylaxis in pediatric NHL?

The records of 95 consecutive children less than or equal to 21 years of age with previously untreated diffuse histology NHL registered in our protocols from 1978 to 1983 were reviewed. Seventy-nine patients were considered eligible for analysis. The histologic subtypes represented included lymphoblastic (LB) 37%; histiocytic (DHL) 29%; undifferentiated (DU) 19%; poorly differentiated (DPDL) 9%; and unclassified (UNHL) 6%. Distribution of the patients according to stage showed Stage I, 0%; Stage II, 11%; Stage III, 53%; Stage IV, 36%. Four different Memorial Hospital protocols for systemic chemotherapy were used (LSA2L2 73%; L10 9%; L17 10%; L17M 8%); however, the IT (intrathecal) chemotherapy was uniform (Methotrexate: 6.0-6.25 mg/M2 per treatment course) and was included in the induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases of all treatment protocols. Cranial radiation was included in the induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases of all treatment protocols. Cranial radiation was not included in the CNS prophylaxis program. The overall median time of follow-up was 43 months. The overall CNS relapse rate was 6.3%, however, the incidence of CNS lymphoma presenting as the first isolated site of relapse in patients in otherwise complete remission (minimum follow-up of 19 months with 97% of patients off treatment) was only 1/58 (1.7%). Our data suggests that IT chemotherapy when given in combination with modern aggressive systemic combination chemotherapy, and without cranial radiation appears to be a highly effective modality for CNS prophylaxis regardless of stage, histology, or bone marrow or mediastinal involvement. Therefore, with the commonly used aggressive combination chemotherapy for the management of all stage diffuse pediatric NHL, and the known increased risk of leukoencephalopathy with combination of cranial radiation and intensive systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, we believe that cranial radiation may not be indicated for CNS prophylaxis in pediatric NHL.     

Bone marrow staging of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma by flow cytometry: correlation with morphology

BACKGROUND: Immunophenotypic analysis is an established tool in the diagnosis and classification of many hematolymphoid disorders; however, the role of flow cytometry (FC) in detecting bone marrow involvement during the staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has yet to be defined. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 157 staging and 70 restaging bone marrow biopsies on which morphologic and FC analyses were performed; these biopsies were taken from 195 consecutive patients. Bone marrow biopsies were blindly and independently reviewed and determined to be positive, negative, or suspicious for morphologic involvement by NHL, with disagreements settled by a third reviewer. A selected panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to determine whether bone marrow involvement was immunophenotypically positive (>5%), minimal (<5%), negative, or nondiagnostic. RESULTS: FC and morphology agreed in 78% of cases (178 of 227: 129 both negative, 49 both positive) and were discrepant in 22% (49 of 227). Seven percent (16 of 227) were morphologically positive but showed no evidence of disease on FC, whereas 12% (27 of 227) were positive by FC but had no morphologic involvement. Of the 162 morphologically negative or suspicious bone marrows, 27 were shown to be involved by FC, resulting in a false-negative detection rate of 17%. Most of these (22 of 27, 81%) had minimal detectable disease. Seven percent of Stage I and 26% of Stage II NHL cases with negative staging bone marrow morphologically were found to be involved by FC. CONCLUSIONS: Neither morphologic examination of bone marrow biopsy specimens nor FC alone is adequate to detect all cases of NHL with bone marrow involvement. FC is most sensitive for detecting minimal bone marrow lymphoma, whereas morphology will detect most cases in which involvement is >5%. Cases of early stage NHL with morphologically negative bone marrow could potentially be restaged as Stage IV on the basis of FC results. The clinical importance of minimal bone marrow involvement by NHL needs further evaluation.     

Prognostic indicators in diffuse large-cell (histiocytic) lymphoma

Identification of prognostic groups among patients with diffuse large-cell (histiocytic) lymphoma (DHL) would help to select specific therapy for individual patients and allow comparisons among combination chemotherapy clinical trials. The Ann Arbor staging system is of limited value in predicting outcome in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Prognostic factors have been examined by various groups without a consensus of reliable prognostic indicators. This study was undertaken to examine the validity of a predictive model for response to treatment and survival in DHL. Eighty-six patients with the diagnosis of DHL treated with combination chemotherapy between the years 1976 and 1982 were examined for prognostic variables influencing response to treatment and survival. The variables examined included: age, sex, presence or absence of systemic symptoms, serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), sites of disease involvement, bulk of disease, prior therapy, stage of disease, according to the Ann Arbor classification, and pathological criteria, according to the Lukes Collins classification. Factors achieving a p-value in the 0 to 0.05 range with univariate analysis for predicting response were age and systemic symptoms. Factors significant for overall survival were age and bone marrow involvement. These factors have been found to influence survival in previous studies, but there has not been a consistency regarding the importance of these factors. Large numbers of patients must be examined for various factors in order to allow identification of prognostic groups among patients with DHL.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清CA125和VEGF水平与骨髓浸润的相关性研究

 目的　评价CA125和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）作为预测非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者骨髓浸润的血清学指标的价值。方法　97例经病理确诊的初治NHL患者,其中50例经骨髓活检或骨穿检查证实有骨髓浸润,46例骨髓正常者作为对照组。采用ELISA方法分别于化疗前检测血清CA125和VEGF水平。结果　97例NHL患者中,骨髓浸润者占51.5 %（50例）,骨髓正常者占45.5 %（47例）。有骨髓浸润组其血清CA125和VEGF水平明显高于无骨髓浸润组（P＜0.05）。VEGF水平与骨髓中肿瘤细胞所占百分比呈正相关（r＝0.498,P＝0.01）,CA125水平与其无明显相关。结论　NHL骨髓浸润者血清CA125和VEGF明显升高,而且VEGF水平与骨髓浸润程度呈正相关。     

Ophthalmologic and intraocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single centre study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors

The aims of this study were to define the initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors of patients with ophthalmologic and intraocular malignant lymphoma. All patients treated at the Institut Curie for lymphoma with ophthalmologic (orbit and/or adnexa) or intraocular involvement were retrospectively reviewed. A pathological review of all cases was performed according to the WHO classification. One hundred and forty-five patients were selected for the study. Pathological review showed 36% MALT type lymphoma, 22% lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma, and 15% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ophthalmologic and ocular sites were intra-orbital in 61 cases (42%) and conjunctival in 51 cases (35%), with bilateral involvement in 10% of cases. Stage IV was found in 32% of cases, with bone marrow involvement in 12%. With a median follow-up of 90 months, the 5-year DFS and OS were 64 and 79% for low-grade NHL, and 43 and 50% for high-grade NHL. On multivariate analysis, age greater than 59 years, elevated LDH level, stage IV, high-grade histological subgroup, and presence of B-symptoms had a negative impact on OS for the overall population. In conclusion, with a median follow-up of 7.5 years, our large cohort of patients represents one of the largest published series on primary ophthalmologic and intraocular malignant lymphoma.     

High-dose methotrexate-leucovorin rescue therapy: selected application in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (HDMTX-LV rescue), has been used to treat solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). We studied the use of HDMTX-LV rescue in patients with widespread NHL with histologic diagnosis of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic and diffuse histiocytic including involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) and/or bone marrow. The prognosis with conventional chemotherapy is extremely poor. Three patients have bone marrow involvement, 2 patients CNS, and 2 both. These patients were unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy and had a rapid progression of their disease. Therapy with HDMTX-LV rescue induced responses in 5 patients: 2 patients achieved a complete remission and three a partial remission. Regression of CNS involvement was observed in 3 patients; bone marrow toxicity was not observed. Only 1 patient failed to respond. These data suggest that HDMTX-LV rescue may be useful as primary therapy in lymphoma patients with CNS and/or bone marrow involvement.     

Cytosine Arabinoside and Etoposide (CARE) in relapsed and refractory non-hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Twelve patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) were treated with a 5 day protocol of high dose cytosine arabinoside 3g/m² and etoposide 200mg/m² (CARE) daily for 4 days for either 1 or 2 cycles together with alternating intrathecal cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. Seven men and 5 women aged 18 to 65 years (median age 47.5 years) have received a total of 19 cycles. Six patients had Stage III and 6 had Stage IV disease, all with marrow involvement. Three patients had diffuse small lymphocytic NHL, 3 had diffuse large cell NHL, 3 had diffuse small cleaved NHL and 3 remaining patients had diffuse mixed small and large cell NHL, lymphoblastic NHL and Burkitt’s. Six patients (50%) achieved complete remission (3-44 months), four of whom subsequently underwent successful autologous bone marrow transplantation and a fifth has had marrow harvested in preparation for ABMT. One patient achieved partial remission and 5 patients had no response to CARE. Ten patients had nadir granulocyte counts less than 0.5xl0⁹/1 and all required red cell (range 2-11 units) and platelet (range 6-130 units) transfusions. The platelet nadir was less than 20x10⁹ /1 in all patients. One patient with refractory disease succumbed to pulmonary haemorrhage while three other patients developed reversible toxicity with severe mucositis, prolonged diarrhoea and acute renal failure. One patient with refractory disease died with a progressive neuropathy. CARE was an effective regimen for refractory NHL in these patients.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的临床及血液学分析

 目的 探讨NHL骨髓侵犯的临床特点以及与血液学之间的关系。方法 分析95例NHL骨髓侵犯患者的临床资料,进行常规骨髓穿刺和血液学检查。结果 发生骨髓侵犯病例中Ⅰ期4例（4.2%）,Ⅱ期12例（12.6%）,Ⅲ期36例（37.9%）,Ⅳ期43例（47.4%）;病理类型以小淋巴细胞性,弥漫型裂细胞性（改为：弥漫性大B细胞型淋巴瘤）和淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤多见;纵隔淋巴结肿大、脾脏肿大和脾受侵患者易发生骨髓侵犯;骨髓侵犯患者外周血中贫血56例（58.9%）,血小板减少42例（44.2%）,白细胞减少27例（28.4%）,白细胞增高49例（51.6%）,以贫血多见;三项均异常30例（31.6%）,至少一项不正常65例（68.4%）,淋巴瘤细胞白血病患者外周血象异常发生率高于骨髓浸润患者,尤其是白细胞增高或三项均异常者更常见于白血病;66例（69.5%）外周血分类中发现异常细胞;骨髓侵犯化疗有效率65.2%,中位生存期11.5个月。结论 NHL患者发生骨髓侵犯与临床分期、病理类型和受累部位相关,外周血象多有异常,应常规对初诊NHL患者进行骨髓检查,并要经常检测外周血象。     

B细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓IgH基因克隆性重排检测的临床意义

目的 探讨半巢式聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测B细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓中IgH基因克隆性重排的可行性,并初步评价其临床价值.方法 选用FR2、FR3A引物,采用半巢式PCR方法检测105例B细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓中IgH基因的单克隆性重排,与骨髓穿刺细胞形态学检测结果进行比较,并评价PCR检测结果与临床病理特征的关系.结果 105例B细胞淋巴瘤患者中,IgH基因克隆性重排PCR检测48例(45.7%)阳性,而骨髓细胞形态学只检测出22例(21.0%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),符合率为71.4%(75/105).弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)及小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)初治患者PCR检测阳性率分别为30.8%、25.0%和100.0%.PCR检测结果与Ann Arbor分期有关,早期B细胞淋巴瘤患者lgH基因克隆性重排PCR检出阳性率低于晚期患者(P=0.02).PCR检测阳性和阴性患者的近期疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但CR率(23.3%和46.3%)差异有统计学意义(P=0.019).结论 IgH基因克隆性重排PCR检测可能是判断B细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓异常的有效方法,较骨髓细胞形态学敏感;Ann Arbor分期晚的患者PCR检测阳性率高于分期早的患者;PCR检测阳性者治疗后获得CR的机会低于阴性者.     

If it is in the marrow,is it also in the blood? An analysis of 1,000 paired samples from patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Background  

Staging of B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) routinely involves bone marrow (BM) examination by trephine biopsy (BM-TB). The evidence of disease in the BM-TB results in a clinical stage IV classification affecting therapeutic strategies for NHL patients. BM immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC) is also used, although its clinical value is still under debate.     

一种新的淋巴瘤亚型:bcl-2和myc易位的双击淋巴瘤

 双击淋巴瘤（DHL）特征介于弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）和伯基特淋巴瘤（BL）之间,通常伴有myc基因断裂和其他重现性染色体断裂的疾病,常见myc和bcl-2基因的易位。其临床表现具有乳酸脱氢酶升高、骨髓受累、Ann Abort分期晚期、B症状、结外受累、侵犯中枢神经系统等特征。因与DLBCL和BL有部分重叠,所以依靠病理诊断很难将其区分出来,目前主要的诊断方法为G显带染色体核型分析、荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测以及免疫组织化学技术。DHL对于DLBCL的标准化疗方案反应较差,预后不佳,中位生存期仅为0.2～1.5年。目前DHL尚无较好的治疗方法,主要方案为RCHOP、RICE、RCVD、甲氨蝶呤预防中枢神经系统受累、大剂量化疗联合骨髓移植等。