地震作用下框架结构连续倒塌模拟比较研究

基于ABAQUS对采用不同钢筋和混凝土单轴本构模型的钢筋混凝土框架结构在大震作用下的连续倒塌数值模拟进行了比较研究。采用纤维梁单元模拟框架梁和柱,壳单元模拟钢筋混凝土楼板。分别编制了两种可用于模拟纤维梁单元失效的混凝土和钢筋单轴本构的用户子程序,考虑了钢筋混凝土楼板的刚度削弱、单元失效与接触。对某钢筋混凝土框架结构采用4组不同本构关系的计算结果进行了详细比较,结果表明不同材料模型得到的倒塌初始状态及初步发展趋势是一致的。     

混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌性能研究

混凝土框架结构在服役期间遭遇极端灾害作用时,会由于支撑构件失效而发生连续性倒塌。以某医院的门诊大楼为研究对象,采用ABAQUS,建立该混凝土框架结构的有限元模型,并开展其抗连续倒塌分析。通过对支撑柱失效时间、柱失效位置,以及倒塌过程中结构的位移响应和弯矩演变过程进行研究,发现底层中柱失效时,框架结构相邻两侧的梁可通过悬链线拉结作用抵抗结构倒塌。而结构顶层角柱失效时,由于周边约束较小,框架结构易发生连续倒塌。     

地震作用下钢框架结构抗竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

为了对偶然荷载作用下结构的抗连续性倒塌进行可靠度研究,采用OpenSEES软件建立钢框架连续倒塌分析数值模型,考虑到钢框架结构材料和荷载的不确定性,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法生成钢框架结构随机样本,并采用随机Pushover算法对钢框架结构进行分析,计算得到X、Y两个方向不同地震水平下各钢柱承载能力及变形能力的可靠度指标,根据抗震可靠度相关理论确定目标可靠度指标,通过比较各柱的可靠度指标和目标可靠度,对结构在地震作用下最可能失效构件进行识别。基于所识别的最可能失效构件,结合所生成的100组钢框架结构随机样本,采用拆除构件法对钢框架结构在单柱失效和多柱失效等工况下进行抗连续倒塌IDA分析,得到随机IDA分析曲线。通过结构连续倒塌极限状态方程,计算得到损伤结构发生连续倒塌的概率及连续倒塌条件可靠度指标。采用基于风险的结构连续倒塌概率表达式,分析地震作用下钢框架结构发生局部破坏后的连续倒塌全概率可靠度,为准确评价钢框架结构在地震作用下的抗连续倒塌能力提供依据。     

地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构连续倒塌极限状态可靠度分析

将结构连续倒塌的全概率方法应用于地震作用下的结构整体连续倒塌极限状态可靠度分析,采用构件可靠度方法对结构进行地震作用下最可能失效构件的识别,基于改进点估计法的随机Pushdown方法和随机竖向增量动力分析(竖向IDA)方法,进行完好和损伤结构的概率抗竖向连续倒塌能力分析及参数灵敏度分析。采用整体可靠度方法,分析了损伤结构的竖向连续倒塌条件失效概率。基于系统可靠度理论和全概率方法,分析了RC框架结构发生侧向增量倒塌以及构件地震损伤引起的结构竖向连续倒塌的联合失效概率。分析结果表明,按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗连续倒塌能力。     

某预应力混凝土框架结构的连续倒塌有限元分析

为了分析某预应力混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌性能,本文采用动力非线性分析方法应用显式动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对一榀两层两跨的预应力混凝土框架厂房分别进行拆除底层角柱、底层中柱的连续倒塌数值仿真分析。通过数值分析分析得出:预应力混凝土结构的抗连续倒塌性能弱;对于预应力混凝土框架结构,拆除中柱的工况下比拆除角柱的工况下更容易发生连续倒塌;对于预应力混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌性能的增强必须同时加强梁和柱的构造措施。     

地震作用下钢框架结构竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

通过建立典型钢框架的连续倒塌分析数值模型,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法抽取随机样本进行可靠度分析,考虑结构参数的不确定性影响,确定完好结构在地震作用下发生局部损坏的概率.以大震作用下可靠度指标最小的构件作为结构的失效构件,基于整体可靠度方法,采用拆除构件法对失效构件进行拆除并施加地震荷载进行分析,得到不同失效模式下受损结构发...     

局部爆炸作用下混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计

采用替代路径法对按我国规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构进行局部爆炸作用下抗连续倒塌设计验算和再设计.竖向构件移除位置、荷载组合、构件失效准则以及结构破坏范围限值均参考美国<结构抗连续倒塌设计>(UFC4-023-03)中的规定,改进了其中的构件塑性铰模型,采用条分法得到了纯弯和压弯构件塑性铰的荷载-变形全过程,以合理描述构件受力性能.研究发现,常规设计难以保证结构在局部爆炸作用下不发生连续倒塌.随后进行了参数研究,以认识重要参数对结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响.结果表明,减少柱距后结构抗连续倒塌性能提高明显,而提高结构抗震设防烈度的方法效果不明显,增加结构层数则会削弱结构的抗连续倒塌能力.在此基础上给出了三个抗连续倒塌设计方案并进行了经济性比较.比较表明,同时提高结构的冗余度和构件的承载力具有较好的经济性.     

地震作用下钢框架结构竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

通过建立典型钢框架的连续倒塌分析数值模型,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法抽取随机样本进行可靠度分析,考虑结构参数的不确定性影响,确定完好结构在地震作用下发生局部损坏的概率。以大震作用下可靠度指标最小的构件作为结构的失效构件,基于整体可靠度方法,采用拆除构件法对失效构件进行拆除并施加地震荷载进行分析,得到不同失效模式下受损结构发生连续倒塌条件可靠度指标和失效概率。最后结合失效构件的失效概率,研究结构在地震作用下的连续倒塌全概率可靠度。研究表明,运用可靠度理论对钢框架结构进行连续倒塌可靠度分析,可以直观地得到地震作用下钢框架结构发生连续倒塌的概率,为准确评价钢框架结构在地震作用下的抗连续倒塌能力提供依据。     

框架结构连续倒塌研究现状

对目前结构连续倒塌分析与设计方法的研究现状进行了归纳和比较,指出了现有分析设计方法的不足,并对今后研究工作做了展望,从而为今后学者开展相关研究奠定基础。     

地震作用下建筑结构倒塌失效准则分析

通过分析总结房屋倒塌的震害特征,给出建筑结构倒塌定义;从结构倒塌失效的力学机理入手,将结构倒塌总结为强度失效倒塌、刚度失效倒塌及稳定性失效倒塌等三类,分别给出三种倒塌失效失效准则的具体计算公式及方法,并规定当结构满足其中任一失效准则时,即可判定结构进入倒塌临界状态;文末对结构倒塌判定的基础——构件损伤破坏的失效准则进行了探讨,提出并总结了构件地震损伤破坏的评判方法。算例表明,本文提出的结构倒塌失效准则概念清晰,应用方便,与已有倒塌准则相比,在没有显著增加计算量的同时,保证了结构地震倒塌判断的充分性与准确性。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构底部相邻两柱失效的抗连续倒塌性能研究

为研究钢筋混凝土结构在角柱和相邻边柱同时失效情况下的抗连续倒塌性能,采用12点等效均布荷载加载系统,对移除角柱和相邻边柱后的钢筋混凝土梁-板-柱子结构进行PUSHDOWN加载,并对钢筋混凝土子结构的破坏模式、承载能力、变形能力、钢筋局部应变、支座水平位移及边梁扭转变形进行分析。试验结果表明：角柱和相邻边柱同时失效的钢筋混凝土梁-板-柱子结构反应与悬挑板相近,梁与板无法形成有效的压拱机制、悬链线机制或薄膜机制来抵抗连续倒塌的发生。采用有限元软件DIANA建模对试验结果进行了数值模拟分析,证明了数值模型的合理性。采用塑性铰线法对试验屈服荷载和第一极限荷载进行分析,理论分析结果表明,与试验结果相比,塑性铰线法的分析结果偏于保守。     

Comparison of dynamic response of isolated and non-isolated continuous girder bridges subjected to near-fault ground motions

The dynamic response of seismic isolated continuous girder bridges subjected to either near-fault or far-field ground motions is compared to the non-isolated ones. Near-fault earthquake ground motion data are collected from the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake. The earthquake data recorded at the same sites from other events serve as far-field ground motions. Typical three-span continuous concrete box girder bridges designed under Taiwan seismic design specifications of highway bridges are adopted for this study. These bridges are assumed straight, founded on rigid rock and only the longitudinal response is considered. Parametric studies for the dynamic responses of isolated bridges by input near-fault ground motions are developed. The PGV/PGA value of near-fault earthquake records is identified as the key parameter governing the bridge response.     

Nonlinear analysis of multi-cell reinforced concrete box girder bridges

A numerical method of analysis is developed to determine the nonlinear response, collapse mechanisms and ultimate failure loads of multi-cell RC (reinforced concrete) box girder bridges under stepwise increasing static loads. Nonlinearities considered are material nonlinearities inherent in RC members such as cracking of the concrete, yielding of the reinforcement and formation of plastic hinges due to shear and flexure. The analytical model, based on a three-dimensional grillage, is developed for multicellular structures of arbitrary plan geometry and constant height. Realistic but simple assumptions for the interaction of internal forces due to flexure, shear and torsion in the cellular structure, as well as idealized trilinear force-deformation characteristics for the individual members comprising the grillage, result in a very economical nonlinear analytical model. The proposed analytical scheme, which is based on a mixed model formulation at the element level, is demonstrated and tested on a series of numerical examples and the analytical results indicate good agreement with experimental results obtained from large scale model tests on RC box girder bridges.     

预应力混凝土梁桥病害分析研究

指出预应力混凝土梁桥是目前我国应用最为广泛的桥梁类型,但是由于服役时间的增长,结构性能下降,大量的公路桥梁产生了各种不同的病害,对预应力钢筋混凝土梁桥所常见的病害及其产生原因进行了研究总结,为研究预应力混凝土梁桥病害奠定了基础。     

Progressive collapse analysis of steel truss bridges and evaluation of ductility

Deteriorated steel truss bridges have caused catastrophes in the USA and Japan. Progressive collapse analysis is carried out for three continuous steel truss bridge models with a total length of 230.0 m using large deformation and elastic plastic analysis. The analysis is to clarify how the live load intensity and distribution affect ultimate strength and ductility of two steel truss bridge models, Bridge Model A with a span ratio of 1:2:1 and Bridge Model B with a span ratio of 1:1.3:1. Sizes and steel grades of the truss members are determined so that they are within the allowable stress for the design dead and live loads. After the design load is applied, the live load is increased until the bridge model collapses. Although the collapse process differs depending on live load distribution and span length ratio, both steel truss bridge models collapse due to buckling of compression members. When the live load is fully applied in the center span, the span ratio does not affect the ultimate strength which is sufficiently high and the model bridge is safe. When the live load is applied in the side span, the model bridge with a longer side span has higher ultimate strength. When the live load is applied near the intermediate support, the model bridge with a longer center span has higher ultimate strength. As for the ductility factor which is defined by the ultimate load over the yield load, Bridge Model B is in general more ductile than Bridge Model A. This leads to the fact that the center and side span length ratio of Bridge Model B with more commonly used dimensions is rational. This study clarifies the collapse process, buckling strength, and influences of live load distribution and the span ratio on a steel truss bridge.     

Progressive collapse performance analysis of precast reinforced concrete structures

In this paper, the progressive collapse performance analysis of precast reinforced concrete (RC) structures is performed. A numerical simulation framework for precast RC structures is developed on the basis of the OpenSEES software, where the fiber frame element is used for beam and column type members and Joint2D element is used for the beam‐to‐column connections. The conjugated material models are then introduced, and a min–max failure criterion is imposed on the original models to reflect the steel fracture and concrete crushing when the structure is undergoing progressive collapse. In addition, to overcome the computational difficulties arisen from progressive collapse behavior, two enhanced nonlinear solutions , that is, the consistent quasi‐Newton algorithm and the explicit KR‐α algorithm, are employed, respectively, for static and dynamic analysis. A 10‐storey prototype precast RC structures is designed to verify the developed numerical framework, and the progressive collapse resisting mechanism of the structures is investigated through both static pushdown analysis and dynamic column‐removal analysis. Finally, influences of some typical parameters in precast RC structures on their progressive collapse performance are studied.     

考虑悬链线效应的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌能力分析

为了研究悬链线效应对钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构抗连续倒塌能力的影响,基于OpenSees建立可以考虑悬链线效应的RC框架宏模型,通过两个RC框架子结构在移除中柱后的竖向承载力试验结果对比,验证了所采用宏模型的合理性,并研究了悬链线效应对RC框架子结构抗连续倒塌能力的影响。分别采用备用荷载路径法中的非线性静力方法和非线性动力方法对1栋10层RC框架结构进行抗连续倒塌能力分析,研究悬链线效应对RC框架整体结构抗连续倒塌能力的影响。结果表明：不考虑悬链线效应的影响将低估RC框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力;在移除底层中柱情况下,不考虑悬链线效应分析得到的荷载放大系数最大值小于2.0,而考虑悬链线效应分析得到的荷载放大系数最大值则超过2.0。     

Evaluating rating factor for prestressed concrete girder bridges by nonlinear finite element analysis

This study provides a new approach to evaluate the load carrying capacity in rating factor (RF) of prestressed concrete I type girder bridges utilising nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. RF has been conventionally calculated either by ultimate strength design (USD) or allowable stress design methods in terms of live load effects. This study introduces nonlinear FE analysis as a new approach to estimate the RF. In general, nonlinear FE analysis is considered as one of the most efficient methods to simulate structural behaviour. This method can also simulate a live load effect, which is very important for the load carrying capacity of structures. To apply nonlinear FE analysis, an FE live load constant was conceptually suggested to estimate the RF. On comparing the RF obtained via the conventional method of USD, it was found that the RF estimated by nonlinear FE analysis approach has almost the same value. Hence, the nonlinear finite element method-based RF methodology can be efficiently used to estimate the load carrying capacity of bridges.     

砌体结构在地震下的非线性计算模型

针对目前砌体结构计算模型在弹塑性动力时程分析中的不足,本文采用一种三弹簧单元宏观模型进行整体结构的非线性计算.首先,将其计算结果与单片砌体构件试验结果对比,验证了模型的准确性;随后,采用该模型对一简单空间砌体结构进行静力和动力分析,并计算了不同地震烈度下的结构响应,得到令人较为满意的结果.以层间位移角定义了各墙体构件的弹性、破坏和极限3个阶段,对整体结构的损伤情况给予了评价,并提出以竖向承载构件完全失效作为结构倒塌的判别准则,使三弹簧单元模型在砌体结构抗震研究方面具备一定的适用性.