新生儿血培养中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌细胞间粘附基因A和D的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨细胞间粘附基因(ica)A和icaD在新生儿凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)败血症中的诊断意义。方法 收集北京儿童医院新生儿病房2001年11月至2003年3月间血培养为CNS的患儿为研究入选病例。通过应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测icaA及icaD的存在。结果 在80例入选患儿中，血培养均分离出CNS。根据新生儿败血症的诊断标准，临床诊断败血症27例(33.8%)，其中早产儿7例，足月小样儿2例。在菌种的分布上，表皮葡萄球菌18例(66.7%)，溶血葡萄球菌7例(25.9%)，人葡萄球菌2例(7.4%)。对90株CNS菌株应用PCR方法检测icaA及icaD，共有8株阳性，均为表皮葡萄球菌，并且icaA和icaD同时阳性。在经PCR扩增后所产生的图谱中，icaA在814bp，icaD在282bp。在ica阳性的8例病例中，临床诊断为败血症7例，一致率为87.5%，在临床排除败血症的53例患儿中，仅有1例ica阳性(1.8%)。ica的阳性预测值为259%，阴性预测值为981%。结论 ica基因PCR检测是临床诊断CNS败血症或导管相关感染的一种潜在的实验室方法。 Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess whether the person making the clinical decision may benefit from the detection of icaA and icaD genes encoding putative virulent factors.Methods From Nov.2001 to Mar.2003,we detected the icaA and icaD genes in 80 neonates with a collection of clinical isolates from blood cultures by using a simple,rapid,and reliable PCR method.Results An overall total of 80 neonates with CNS strains from blood cultures were identified.There were 27 cases(33.8%)diagnosed neonatal sepsis clinically according to the standard,of which 7 were premature,2 were small for gestational age of full term infants.The distribution of species among the clinical CNS strains,18(66.7%)cases were Staphylococcus epidermidis,which was the leading cause,and then S.hemolyticus (n=7),S.hominis (n=2).There was a statistical difference in them.Of the 90 strains,eight were positive to icaA and icaD genes,with PCR products being obtained for the icaA and icaD genes in all of these strains,a 814 bp band for the icaA gene and a 282 bp band for the icaD gene.All of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis.Among 8 cases with positive ica genes,7 were diagnosed as sepsis clinically.The coincidence rate was 87.5%.Positive predictive value of the ica genes were 25.9%，and negative predictive value were 98.1%.Conclusion Ica genes may potentiate the clinical criteria used for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis,and may discriminate between contamination and infections. Key words Coagulase negative staphylococcus;PCR;Newborn     

反复呼吸道感染儿童血清甘露聚糖结合凝集素水平及54密码子基因突变筛查

目的 了解反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)儿童血清甘露聚糖凝集素(MBL)水平及第一外显子54密码子的突变率，探讨血清MBL水平与RRTI的关系。方法 用ELISA方法检测2000~2003年在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院就诊的65例RRTI儿童和238名正常儿童血清MBL水平，测定其中11例低MBL血症的RRTI儿童的免疫学指标(IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4)，并用聚合酶链反应(PCR) 限制性内切酶片段长度多态性分析(RFLP)方法与55名正常儿童MBL第一外显子54密码子基因多态性进行分析。结果RRTI儿童出现低血清MBL水平频率明显多于正常儿童(χ2=6.96,P<0.05)，其MBL 54密码子突变率亦明显增高(P<0.05)，低血清MBL血症导致RRTI主要在2岁以前，血清MBL水平越低，感染频率越高，其C3、C4水平也越高。结论 儿童MBL 54密码子突变导致低MBL血症在2岁以前有反复呼吸道感染的倾向，MBL水平越低，感染机率越高。 Abstract Objective To detect the mannose binding lectin (MBL) serum levels and the mutation on code 54 of MBL in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTI),and to find the relationship between MBL serum levels and recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTI).Methods To detect the serum MBL level of 238 normal people and 65 children with RRTI through the methods of enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay,then compare the immune data(IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4) of 11 children with low serum MBL level and compare the rate of the mutation on code 54 through the methods of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 55 normal children.Results The rate of low serum MBL level in the children with RRTI was higher than that in the normal population(χ2=6.96,P<0.05),the same went for the frequency of mutation of code 54 (P<0.05).RRTI caused by low serum MBL level occurred mostly among children under 2 years of age,and the rate of respiratory tract infection in the individuals with MBL level under 100μg/L was more than that in children with levels ranged from 100μg/L to 200μg/L (P<0.05),and was associated with reverse chang of serum levels of C3,C4(P<0.05).Conclusion Under 2 years of age,the children with the low serum MBL levels caused by mutation on MBL 54 show the susceptivity to IRRTI,and the low serum MBL level is parallel to high serum levels of C3，C4，and the lower the level the more possible infection. Key words Mannose binding lectin;Repeated respiratory tract infections;Gene;Polymorphism;Child     

新生儿青紫型先天性心脏病156例的早期诊治分析

目的 了解青紫型先天性心脏病在新生儿期的临床表现、分布情况、治疗和转归。方法 1999年11月至2004年7月上海儿童医学中心对156例青紫型先天性心脏病(CHD)新生儿进行临床分析。结果 (1)青紫型CHD在新生儿期主要表现为中央性紫绀、心功能不全，个别可合并心律紊乱。(2)新生儿期青紫型CHD以完全性大动脉转位(TGA)居首位，其他依次为肺动脉闭锁(PA)、完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)和肺动脉狭窄(PS)。(3)内科治疗包括强心、利尿、扩血管药物和前列腺素E1(PGE1)的运用；156例中57例施行外科手术，其中以TGA最多。结论新生儿青紫型CHD心脏畸形复杂，病情多危重，在生后尽早明确诊断并给予适当的内外科治疗有助于提高其生存率和改善预后。 Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,distribution,treatment and prognosis of congenital heart disease in neonatal period.Methods Analyze 156 cases of neonatal cyanotic congenital heart disease clinically.Results ① Neonatal cyanotic CHD was manifested with central cyanosis,heart failure,and arrhythmia occasionally.② D TGA stand first on the list of neonatal cyanotic CHD and the others ordinal was PA,TAPVC and PS.③ Internal medical therapy included using of cardiotonic,diuretic and prostaglandin E157 patients were given surgical operations and TGA lead the first.Conclusion For complex anomaly and critical condition in most cases,neonatal cyanotic CHD should be diagnosed as soon as possible and treated appropriately in order to improve the viability and prognosis of these neonates. Key words NeonateHeart disease;Congenital     

新生儿肺部疾病支气管肺泡灌洗液肺表面活性蛋白A的检测及意义

目的 探讨新生儿常见肺部疾病支气管肺泡灌洗液肺表面活性蛋白A(BAL SP-A)水平及其与临床的关系。方法 收集2000年1月至2003年2月在广州市儿童医院新生儿重症监护室住院的需行机械通气治疗的新生儿重症肺炎、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)以及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)患儿共57例。测定其BAL SP-A水平，监测血气、PaO2/FiO2水平。结果重症肺炎组与MAS组患儿BAL SP-A水平无明显差异，但MAS组患儿PaO2、PaCO2及PaO2/FiO2水平较重症肺炎组明显降低(P值<0.01,<0.05,<0.05)；ARDS及RDS组患儿BAL SP-A水平均较上述两组低(P值均<0.001)，而RDS组患儿BAL SP-A水平较ARDS组低(P<0.001)，但ARDS组患儿PaO2水平较RDS组患儿低(P<0.05)。PS治疗组患儿的病死率较非PS治疗组明显降低(P=0.049)，其PaO2/FiO2与BAL SP-A水平密切相关(r=0.741,P=0.000)。结论 与重症肺炎患儿比较胎粪吸入综合征患儿BAL SP-A水平无明显降低；ARDS及RDS患儿BAL SP-A水平明显降低；BAL SP-A水平能反映新生儿肺损伤的严重程度，对于新生儿肺部疾病预后的判断有一定意义。 Abstract ObjectiveTo investigate the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP-A concentrations from newborn infants with lung disease,and to study the relationship between BAL SP-A and clinical outcome.Methods 57 cases of newborn infants with lung disease were admitted in our NICU between Jan.2000 and Feb.2003.BAL SP-A concentrations,PO2 value,PCO2 value,and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were measured.ResultsBAL SP-A concentrations did not differ between severe pneumonia group and MAS group,but the value of PaO2、PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio in MAS group were significantly lower than that in severe pneumonia group (p respectively<0.001,<0.05,<0.05).BAL SP-A concentrations in RDS and ARDS groups were significantly lower than that in aforesaid groups ( all P<0.05).BAL SP-A concentrations in RDS group were significantly lower than that in ARDS group,but PaO2 value in ARDS group was lower significantly than that in RDS group( P<0.05).The mortality of infants treated with PS was significantly lower than that of infants treated without PS (P=0.049).PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the cohort was related to their BAL SP A concentrations ( r=0.741,P=0.000).Conclusion Surfactant protein A content in MAS is not different from that of severe pneumonia.BAL SP-A concentrations of neonates with ARDS or RDS decrease significantly.BAL SP-A concentrations can evaluate the severity of lung injury and the prognosis of neonatal lung disease. Key wordsInfant,newbornLung disease;Bronchoalveolar lavae;Surfactant protein A     

新生儿感染时CD分子变化及临床意义

目的 探讨不同胎龄新生儿感染时T、B、NK细胞及中性粒细胞表面CD分子变化及临床意义。方法 2004年2~6月复旦大学儿科医院用流式细胞仪检测34例早产儿及33例足月儿CD表达。结果(1)足月感染组CD3［(76.89±2.52)%］高于足月非感染组［(64.40±5.69)%］，早产非感染组［(80.93±9.13)%］高于足月非感染组；早产非感染组CD4［(61.20±2.21)%］高于足月非感染组［(47.60±4.27)%］，早产感染组［(53.63±3.23)%］低于早产非感染组；CD8各组间无统计学差异性。(2)CD19各组间无统计学差异性。(3)足月感染组CD56CD16［(5.88±0.62)%］低于非感染组［(13.00±5.31)%］，足月非感染组高于早产非感染组［(6.13±1.25)%］。(4)足月感染组CD64［(5056.92±1255.58)分子/单位］高于足月非感染组［(2112.60±1157.21)分子/单位］，早产感染组［(4619.67±1395.99)分子/单位］高于早产非感染组［(2407.45±1247.16)分子/单位］。(5)败血症、肺炎及其它感染组CD64高于非感染组。以CD64大于3000分子/单位为阳性，CD64诊断感染灵敏度为79.6%，特异度为75.1%；以CD64大于2000分子/单位为阳性，CD64诊断感染灵敏度为88.9%，特异度为60%；CRP诊断感染灵敏度为65.3%，特异度为86%。结论早产儿细胞表面CD3、CD4、CD16CD56变化不同于足月儿，可能与早产儿免疫功能低下有关；CD64可能会成为一种新型感染诊断指标。 Abstract ObjectiveTo evaluate the change and the clinical significance of the cell CD on the surface of T,B,NK and Neutrophils cells.MethodsFrom Feb. to June 2004,50 preterms and 49 terms with infection or non infection were sturied.The level of peripherical blood CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD16CD56 and CD64 were measured by flow cytometry.Results① The level of CD3 in terms(76.89±2.52)% with infection was higher than that in terms without infection(64.40±5.69)%.The level of CD3 in preterms without infection(80.93±9.13)%was significantly higher than that in terms without infection.The level of CD4 in preterms without infection(61.20±2.21)% was significantly higher than that in terms without infection(47.60±4.27)%.The level CD4 in preterms with infection (53.63±3.23)% was significantly lower than that in preterms without infection ；The level of CD8 was not different in all groups.②The level of CD19 has no difference in all groups.③The level of CD56CD16 in terms with infection(5.88±0.62)% was significantly lower than that in terms without infection(13.00±5.31)%，the level of CD56CD16in terms without infection was significantly higher than that in preterms without infection(6.13±1.25)%.④ The level of CD64 in terms with infecton (5056.92±1255.58)Molecule/Unit was higher than that in terms without infection (2112.60±1157.21)M/U.The level of CD64(4619.67±1395.99)M/U in preterms with infection was significantly higher than that in the preterms without infection(2407.45±1247.16)M/U.⑤The level of CD64 in patients with sepsis,pneumonia and other infections were higher than that in those patients without infection.If the positive standard of CD64 was over 3000 M/U,then the sensitivity was 79.6% and the specificity was 75.1%.If the positive standard of CD64 was over 2000 M/U,then the sensitivity was 88.9% and the specificity was 60%.The sensitivity of CRP was 65.3% and the specificity was 86%.Conclusion The level of CD3、CD4、CD16CD56 in preterms with or without infection differs from those in terms,which is probably due to the low immunity function of preterms.CD64 may be a kind of new diagnosis guideline. Key wordsTerms;Preterms;CD molecule;CD64     

血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1在足月新生儿细菌感染中的表达及意义

Objective To observe the changes of serum soluble form of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1) level in full-term newborns with infection and to investigate the relationship between serum sTREM-1 and neonatal bacterial infection.Methods Eighty-five full-term newborns admitted to the neonatal ward of Shanghai Children s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University were selected into this study.According to the locations and severity of infection,patients were divided into 3 groups: severe infection group (n = 27),mild infection group (n = 28),non-infection group (n = 30).The samples of infection groups were collected before using antibiotics and within 48 h after infection symptom occurred; others were collected during hospitalization.For the neonates with organ dysfunction in the severe infection group,samples were also collected at the third and seventh day of infection.Serum sTREM-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between groups.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value and Youden index.Results (1) Serum sTREM-1 level of severe infection group[(91.2±47.3) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that of mild infection group[(68.8 + 30.4) pg/ml] and non-infection group[(35.5±17.6) pg/ml],respectively (P＜0.05).(2) Serum sTREM-1 level of the survival newborns (n= 17) in the severe infection group was lower than that of dead ones[(73.1±34.9) pg/ml vs (121.6±49.3) pg/ml,t= - 2.995,P = 0.006].(3) For the survival patients,the serum sTREM-1 level decreased in the first week of infection,while that of dead patients increased,the cut-off value was 100.6 pg/ml.(4) Based on the ROC analysis,43.8 pg/ml was selected as the the cut-off value,area under the curve was 0.868,and sensitivity was 85.5%,specificity 80.0%,positive predictive value 0.887,negative predictive value 0.750,Youden index 0.655.Conclusions Serum sTREM-1 level increases in neonatal infection.The change of serum sTREM-1 level in patients with severe infection is correlated to the prognosis.     

血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1在足月新生儿细菌感染中的表达及意义

Objective To observe the changes of serum soluble form of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1) level in full-term newborns with infection and to investigate the relationship between serum sTREM-1 and neonatal bacterial infection.Methods Eighty-five full-term newborns admitted to the neonatal ward of Shanghai Children s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University were selected into this study.According to the locations and severity of infection,patients were divided into 3 groups: severe infection group (n = 27),mild infection group (n = 28),non-infection group (n = 30).The samples of infection groups were collected before using antibiotics and within 48 h after infection symptom occurred; others were collected during hospitalization.For the neonates with organ dysfunction in the severe infection group,samples were also collected at the third and seventh day of infection.Serum sTREM-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between groups.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value and Youden index.Results (1) Serum sTREM-1 level of severe infection group[(91.2±47.3) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that of mild infection group[(68.8 + 30.4) pg/ml] and non-infection group[(35.5±17.6) pg/ml],respectively (P＜0.05).(2) Serum sTREM-1 level of the survival newborns (n= 17) in the severe infection group was lower than that of dead ones[(73.1±34.9) pg/ml vs (121.6±49.3) pg/ml,t= - 2.995,P = 0.006].(3) For the survival patients,the serum sTREM-1 level decreased in the first week of infection,while that of dead patients increased,the cut-off value was 100.6 pg/ml.(4) Based on the ROC analysis,43.8 pg/ml was selected as the the cut-off value,area under the curve was 0.868,and sensitivity was 85.5%,specificity 80.0%,positive predictive value 0.887,negative predictive value 0.750,Youden index 0.655.Conclusions Serum sTREM-1 level increases in neonatal infection.The change of serum sTREM-1 level in patients with severe infection is correlated to the prognosis.     

Analysis of the human zona pellucida during culture: Correlation with diagnosis and the preovulatory hormonal environment

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze sequentially the human zona pellucida changes in an in vitro fertilization program as it relates to several variables. Methods: The zona pellucida thickness was measured daily in zygotes and cleavage-stage embryos on a Nikon inverted microscope equipped with Hoffman modulation contrast optics, using an ocular micrometer. A total of 512 embryos from 96 patients was evaluated. Results: There was a highly significant direct correlation between zona thickness and preovulatory estradiol and basal day 3 FSH levels (P < 0.02 andP < 0.0006, respectively). This relationship showed a rapid reversal following 48 hr of culture; embryos from patients with the highest FSH levels had thinner zonae prior to transfer (P < 0.0007). The zonae from patients with unexplained infertility were thicker (19.4 ± 2.7 μm) than those from patients with endometriosis (17.7 ± 2.2 μm), tubal (17.5 ± 2.4 μm), or male-factor infertility (16.4 ± 2.7 μm) (P < 0.0001) on the first day of culture. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the thickness of the human zona pellucida is influenced by the preovulatory hormonal environment and diagnosis. These factors should be considered as part of the embryo quality evaluation prior to transfer or when assessing the possibility of using assisted hatching. More studies are needed to understand the factors regulating the thickness of the human zona pellucida.     

儿童急性白血病细胞周期蛋白D3、E的表达

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白D3、E的表达与儿童急性白血病(AL)的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学法，对广西医科大学第一附属医院儿科2002年1月至2004年5月收治的50例初发或复发儿童AL，其中急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)30例(高危ALL 12例，标危ALL 18例)，急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)20例，和26例完全缓解AL(AL CR)患儿，以及23例同期住院的非恶性疾病患儿(对照组)，检测其骨髓细胞中细胞周期蛋白D3、E的表达情况。结果 AL组中细胞周期蛋白D3、E阳性率分别为54%和46%，高于AL-CR组和对照组(P<0.01)；在ALL和ANLL间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。高危ALL细胞周期蛋白D3阳性率明显高于标危ALL(P<0.01)。化疗前细胞周期蛋白D3、E表达阳性率明显高于化疗缓解后(P<0.01)。细胞周期蛋白D3、E在AL组中的表达呈正相关(r=0.298，P<0.01)。结论 细胞周期蛋白D3、E与儿童AL发病有关，它们的表达存在相关性，可作为疗效观察的指标；细胞周期蛋白D3可能与患儿不良预后有关。 Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of cyclin D3，cyclin E and childhood acute leukemia(AL).Methods The expression of cyclin D3 and cyclin E was detected in bone marrow cells from 50 cases of newly diagnosed or relapsing AL，in whom there were 30 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL，including 12 cases of high risk ALL and 18 cases of standard risk ALL ) and 20 cases of acute non lymphocytic leukemia(ANLL)，26 cases of complete remission AL(AL CR) patients and 23 cases of control group(no malignant disease) using immunohistochemical assay.Results 54% AL cases were positive for cyclin D3，and 46% for cyclin E，both being remarkably higher than that of AL CR group and control group(P<0.01).There was no difference between ALL and ANLL in the expression of cyclin D3 and cyclin E(P>0.05).The positive expression of cyclin D3 was higher in high risk ALL than that in standard risk ALL(P<0.01).The expressions of cyclin D3 and cyclin E before chemotherapy were significantly higher than that after remission using chemotherapy(P<0.01).There was significantly positive correlation between the expression of cyclin D3 and cyclin E in AL (r=0.5298，P<0.01).Conclusion In childhood AL，the expression of cyclin D3 and cyclin E is quite high，which is related to the development of AL and might be index of treatment effect.There is positive relation between cyclin D3 and cyclin E.Cyclin D3 might be related to poor prognosis. Key words Acute leukemia;Cyclin;Immunohistochemistry     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良危险因素分析及防治措施

目的 分析早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发生率和危险因素，探讨防治BPD的措施。方法 回顾性分析中山大学第一附属医院新生儿科1999年6月至2004年6月期间胎龄≤32周且出生体重≤2000g，存活时间>28d的早产儿72例，比较机械通气治疗中15例BPD(BPD组)和31例非BPD(对照组)患儿性别、胎龄、出生体重、生前使用糖皮质激素、生后使用肺表面活性物质、肺透明膜病、机械通气时间、呼吸支持条件、胃食管反流、动脉导管未闭、生后早期液体摄取量、反复肺部感染情况。结果早产儿BPD的总发生率为20.83%(15/72)，其中<1500g早产儿BPD的发生率为38.71%(12/31)；BPD组FiO2、PIP、PEEP和MAP与对照组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)；多因素Logistic回归显示，胎龄<30周、体重<1250g、机械通气≥10d和反复肺部感染是发生BPD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)，而性别、生前使用糖皮质激素、生后使用肺表面活性物质、肺透明膜病、胃食管反流、动脉导管未闭、生后早期液体摄取量没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 避免低体重早产、长时间机械通气和有效控制肺部感染是防治BPD的关键。 Abstract Objective To study the incidence,risk factors,prophylaxis and treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature.Methods From June 1999 to June 2004 seventy two prematures with gestational age less than 32 weeks,birth weight less than 2000 grams and surviving more than 28 days were enrolled in the study.Fifteen prematures with BPD were compared to thirty one prematures without BPD in terms of sex,gestational age,birth weight，usage of prenatal steroids,usage of postnatal surfactant,hyaline membrane disease,duration of mechanical ventilation,supportive conditions for ventilation,gastroesophageal reflux,patent ductus arteriosus,fluid intake in the first few days and recurrent pneumonia.Results The overall incidence of BPD in preterm newborns was 20.83%,and 38.71% in those infants weighting <1500g at birth；Fio2,PIP,PEEP and MAP were all not statistically significant between BPD group and control (P>0.05)；Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that gestational age less than 30 weeks,birth weight less than 1250 grams,prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥10days) and recurrent pneumonia were independent risk factors for BPD (P<0.05).Other factors including sex,usage of prenatal steroids,usage of postnatal surfactant,hyaline membrane disease,gastroesophageal reflux and excessive fluid intake in the first few days of life were not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion Preventing small gestational age and low birth weight prematurity,shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation and controlling pneumonia were effective in preventing BPD. Key words Premature;Bronchopulmonary dysplasia;Risk factors     

降钙素原在诊断新生儿感染中的应用价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原（procalationin，PCT）在新生儿感染性疾病中的诊断价值。方法我院新生儿病区的118例患儿分重症感染组51例、局部感染组37例和非感染组30例三组进行降钙素原的测定，并与C反应蛋白（c—reactive protein,CRP）进行比较。结果重症感染组PCT阳性率（86．27％）与局部感染组和非感染组的PCT阳性率（37．84％和16．67％）比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01），重症感染组CRP的阳性率与另两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈．01）。以PCT2ng／ml为临界值，诊断重症感染的特异性达97．01％，与CRP相比，PCT诊断重症感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值更高，诊断准确性高。结论细菌感染时血清PCT早期即升高，可作为新生儿感染的早期检测指标，其诊断价值优于CRP，它与感染严重程度有较好的相关性，可用于评价疗效和估计预后。     

Is procalcitonin to C-reactive protein ratio useful for the detection of late onset neonatal sepsis?

Procalcitonin (PCT) has been reported as a sensitive marker for neonatal bacterial infections. Recently, small numbers of studies reported usefulness of PCT/C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio in detection of infectious conditions in adults. Thus, we conducted this study to evaluate PCT/CRP ratio in late onset neonatal sepsis. Serum PCT and CRP was measured in blood samples from 7 to 60?days after birth in 106 of neonates with late onset sepsis and 212 of controls who were matched with gestational age, postnatal age, birth weight, and gender. Areas under ROC curve (AUC) were calculated, and pairwise comparisons between ROC curves were performed. As a result, CRP (AUC 0.96) showed best performance in detection of sepsis from healthy controls compared with PCT (AUC 0.87) and PCT/CRP ratio (AUC 0.62); CRP?>?PCT?>?PCT/CRP ratio in pairwise comparison (p??PCT/CRP ratio in pairwise comparison (p??CRP in pairwise comparison (p?p?=?.006, respectively). In conclusion, CRP and PCT showed good performance in discrimination between sepsis and healthy controls. However, PCT/CRP ratio seems to be helpful in distinguishing proven sepsis from suspected sepsis together with PCT. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the efficacy of PCT/CRP ratio with enrollment of enough numbers of infants.     

Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as a markers of neonatal sepsis

OBJECTIVES: Sensitive, reliable and early parameters of bacterial infection are extremely valuable in diagnosis of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit. In this study procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated for their diagnostic relevance in neonatal late onset sepsis. DESIGN: Clinical study MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed inflammatory parameters in 48 newborn infants admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Institute of Paediatrics in Lodz who suffered from nosocomial sepsis. They were sampled for PCT and CRP levels at the time of the onset of signs and 24 hours later. CRP was determined by an nephelometric method and PCT was determined by an immunoluminometric assay. RESULTS: At the onset of Gram negative sepsis 14 from 17 contaminated newborns had significantly increased CRP levels and 15 of them had increased levels of PCT After 24 hours 100% of them had elevated PCT and CRP levels. At the onset of Gram positive sepsis only 18 from 31 neonates with positive blood culture had increased CRP levels and 28 of them had elevated concentrations of PCT. This difference was statistically significant. After 24 hours 26 of them had elevated CRP and 100% had increased PCT concentrations--this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Measurement of procalcitonin concentrations may be useful for early diagnosis of late onset sepsis in neonates.     

Flow cytometric white blood differential using CytoDiff™ in the diagnosis of neonatal early-onset infection

Objective: Neonatal early-onset infection is a life-threatening disease, requiring early diagnosis and treatment. Newborns at risk are identified by a combination of risk factors, clinical signs of infection and laboratory parameters such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP). This method is labor-intensive, time consuming and has a variable reproducibility. New reliable diagnostic markers are needed to identify neonatal infection. This study presents additional leukocyte differential parameters produced by the automated flow cytometry and processing software using CytoDiff? reagent (Beckman Coulter) in newborns suspected for early-onset infection.

Methods: An analytic prospective observational case–control study was performed in which 185 newborns were included and retrospectively allocated into two groups, “infection likely” and “infection unlikely”. Leukocyte parameters of the CytoDiff? technique were compared with microscopic slide differentiation and routine tests.

Results: We showed significant lower numbers of monocytes, CD16(?) monocytes and lymphocytes (including T+/NK-lymphocytes) in neonates suspected for early-onset infection using CytoDiff? technique. The manual counting did not demonstrate changes with respect to the number of monocytes in these neonates.

Conclusions: The automated routine CytoDiff? leukocyte differential provides an interesting additional diagnostic tool, next to routine laboratory diagnostics, in the diagnosis of neonatal early-onset infection.     

Elevated vaginal pH in the absence of current vaginal infection,still a challenging obstetrical problem

Abstract

Objective: To assess the association of vaginal pH?≥?5 in the absence of vaginal infection with systemic inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Methods: Four-hundred sixty pregnant women completed the study, upon enrollment Vaginal pH was measured for all women, maternal and umbilical sera were obtained for determining C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels. Umbilical blood was tested for gas parameters, 1 and 5?min Apgar scores, the need for neonatal resuscitation and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were recorded.

Results: Elevated vaginal pH was significantly associated with preterm birth (odds ratio (OR), 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–4.76), emergency cesarean section (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.32–5), neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.1–7.38), elevated cord base deficit (OR 8.01; 95% CI 1.61–39.81), low cord bicarbonate (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.33–12.92) and NICU admission (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.12–3.66). Increased vaginal pH was also significantly associated with maternal leukocytosis, hyperuricemia and elevated CRP levels in maternal and umbilical sera.

Conclusions: Elevated vaginal pH in the absence of current vaginal infection still constitutes a risk for adverse pregnancy outcome which is mediated by systemic inflammatory response.     

Inborn bacterial infections during neonatal period

Considering the high mortality and serios morbilidy associatent with neonatal infections. A competent diagnostic marker also needs to have reasonably high specificity. Good evidence exists to support the use of CRP measurements in conjunction with other established diagnostic tests (such as a white blood cell (WBC) count with differential and blood culture) to establish or exclude the diagnosis of sepsis in full-term or near-term infants. Sepsis was suspected within the first 3 days after birth in. There were 20% early-onset and 53% late-onset episodes of proven sepsis. CRP had sensitivities of 39.4% and 64.6% for proven or probable sepsis and 35.0% and 61.5% for proven sepsis in early-onset and late-onset episodes, respectively. To compare the clinical informative value of and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations in the detection of infection and sepsis and in the assessment of severity of sepsis. PCT is a better marker of sepsis than CRP. The course of PCT shows a closer correlation than that of CRP with the severity of infection and organ dysfunction. Diagnostic markers are useful indicators of neonatal bacterial infections C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) Intralevcin 6, 8 are early sensitive markers of infection.     

血浆肾上腺髓质素前体在新生儿感染中的变化及其意义

目的 观察血浆肾上腺髓质素前体(pro-adrenomedullin,pro-ADM)浓度在新生儿感染中的变化,探讨其评估新生儿感染严重程度的价值. 方法 采用化学发光免疫检测定量法对我院2007年4月至12月间新生儿病房收治的356例新生儿(非感染160例,普通感染114例,重症感染82例)进行pro-ADM血浆水平测定,并同时检测降钙素原(procaleitonin,PCT)和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平.以受试者工作特征曲线计算曲线下面积得出pro-ADM诊断新生儿败血症的最佳临界值,以及敏感性和特异性,并与CRP的诊断效率相比较.组间差异比较采用方差分析和Wileoxon检验. 结果重症感染组pro-ADM为(2.079±1.195)nmol/L,较普通感染组和非感染组[1.025土0.421)nmol/L和(0.853±0.488)nmol/L]明显升高(P<0.01).感染是血浆pro-ADM水平变化的独立因素,且呈正相关(r=0.78,P<0.01).pro-ADM在新生儿败血症的诊断效率较CRP高,其敏感性为71.95%,特异性为87.23%.pro-ADM在新生儿重症感染危重组中水平[(2.498±1.140)nmol/L]较非危重组[(1.810±1.162)nmol/L]高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.63,P<0.05),而PCT水平在危重病例与非危重病例间差异无统计学意义. 结论 新生儿感染时pro-ADM水平升高,重症感染时尤为明显;pro-ADM对早期诊断新生儿重症感染及评估疾病严重程度具有潜在的临床应用价值.     

Serum ischemia-modified albumin levels at diagnosis and during treatment of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Abstract

Sepsis is one of the most common infectious conditions in the neonatal period, and continues as a major source of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in late-onset neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy, and to show the meaningful on the follow-up. Also, it is aimed to compare serum IMA levels with serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) levels and white blood cell count. The study was performed on 33 premature babies with sepsis and 21 healthy premature controls at 7–28 days of age. In the sepsis group, biochemical parameters and blood culture samples were obtained from the blood at the onset and on the fifth day of treatment for each patient. Serum IMA, CRP, PCT and white blood cell count were significantly higher in the sepsis group before treatment when compared with the control group. In addition, the levels of IMA were positively correlated with white blood cell count, CRP and PCT in the sepsis group before treatment. In conclusion, serum IMA levels may be useful in late-onset neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy. As far as we know this is the first report about the assesment of illness diagnosis and after therapy using serum IMA levels, and further studies are needed to confirm our results in larger groups of patients.     

Serum procalcitonin levels in incisional surgical site infections requiring a secondary suture after cesarean sections

Abstract

Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after cesarean section cause maternal morbidity and economic and emotional burdens on society. Our aim is to measure procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients who developed incisional SSIs after cesarean section while also comparing PCT concentrations between patients who underwent a secondary suture and who did not require a secondary suture.

Methods: Ninety-four patients who developed incisional SSI after cesarean section were enrolled in our study. At the time of admission, serum PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured. The study population was grouped into two, based on the need of a secondary suture and the patients baseline blood tests were compared.

Results: The mean serum CRP level was not significant among the groups; however, the median serum PCT level was significantly higher in patients who required a secondary suture (0.21 vs. 0.05?ng/ml, p?≤?.0001). Serum PCT levels were positively correlated with the length of hospital stay (r?=?0.72, p?=?.0001). Area under the curve (AUC) for PCT in predicting the need of a secondary suture was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.772–0.922) and the cutoff point was 0.142?ng/ml with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 97.8% (p?=?.0001).

Conclusion: Serum PCT is a promising marker for both diagnosing and predicting the severity of SSIs after cesarean sections.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03223233.     

Maternal plasma interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and C-reactive protein as indicators of tocolysis failure and neonatal outcome after preterm delivery

Objective. To investigate whether maternal serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) could be used as markers of tocolysis failure and adverse neonatal outcome in pregnancies with preterm labor (PL).

Methods. Forty-seven maternal blood samples taken because of PL at admission and delivery were analyzed. Control samples were taken from 20 gravidas with normal pregnancies. Differences in interleukins and CRP levels with or without chorioamnionitis, connatal infection or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were analyzed. Cut-off values were estimated for prediction of tocolysis failure and adverse neonatal outcome.

Results. All three parameters were significantly higher in patients delivering prematurely than in patients delivering at term. All three parameters were significantly higher with than without histologic chorioamnionitis (p < 0.001), with than without connatal infection (p < 0.01), with than without PVL (p < 0.01 for IL-6 and IL-1β, p < 0.05 for CRP), and in pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) delivered within 48 hours compared to those more prolonged (p < 0.01). Choosing 50.9 pg/mL of IL-6 and a CRP of 19.7 as cut-offs in maternal blood admission concentrations for neonatal PVL, resulted in sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 91% and sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 81%, respectively. At respective maternal blood admission cut-off levels of 27.8 pg/mL of IL-6 and 8.9 of CRP, both parameters were effective predictors of connatal infection.

Conclusions. Maternal blood IL-6 and CRP could become useful in predicting tocolysis failure and intrauterine treat for the fetus.