脑肿瘤细胞DNA定量分析的研究

采用显微分光光度技术，对新鲜脑肿瘤组织的细胞核进行了ＤＮＡ定量测定和倍体分析，测定细胞增殖周期过程中不同时相的ＤＮＡ含量，ＰＩ值，ＤＩ值及异倍体率，从分子生物学特性动态观察肿瘤细胞的增殖特性，认为其对判断肿瘤的恶性程度，临床治疗及预后有重要临床意义。     

流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的通过流式细胞仪（FCM）技术测定胸水脱落细胞细胞核的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）含量，并将此方法与癌胚抗原（CEA）相比较。方法病例选自2004～2006年5月，本院住院患者，留取新鲜的胸腔积液标本，用流式细胞仪检测细胞核DNA倍体，分析细胞的增殖能力。结果在恶性胸腔积液组中70％的标本可以检测到DNA异倍体，在良性胸腔积液中90％的标本表现为两倍体。结论流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定，与CEA联合测定可以提高恶性胸腔积液的检出率。     

细胞核DNA含量检测在消化道疾病中的应用

正常体细胞为2倍体,仅在细胞增殖分裂过程中有所改变,因此正常组织细胞DNA测定表现为:DNA含量相对稳定,DI=1±0.1范围,DNA含量分布集中在2倍体或近2倍体区域,单一的G_0/G_1峰。恶性肿瘤细胞DNA含量的分布及倍体类型发生变化,癌前病变在癌变过程中常伴有异常倍体的出现。本文仅细胞核DNA含量检测在消化道癌及癌前病变方面应用的临床意义加以综述。     

胰腺活检及核DNA量解析诊断胰腺癌探讨

超声引导下,代用 ASAP 活检针穿刺胰腺癌活检18例,慢性胰腺炎活检8例,活检成功率为96.1%,确诊率为92.3%。对胰腺癌7例通过流式细胞仪检测 DNA 含量并与病理组织学相对照,结果表明单倍体的细胞分化程度较双倍体差,初步提示 DNA 含量检测可作为胰腺癌恶性程度判断指标。     

胰腺活检及核DNA量解析诊断胰腺癌探讨

超声引导下，代用ASAP活检针穿刺胰腺癌活检18例，慢性胰腺炎活检8例，活检成功率为96.1％，确诊率为92.3％。对胰腺癌7例通过流式细胞仪检测DNA含量并与病理组织学相对照，结果表明单倍体的细胞分化程度较双倍体差，初步提示DNA含量检测可作为胰腺癌恶性程度判断指标。     

骨巨细胞瘤计量病理学分析及其临床意义

对36例骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)行病理分析。将行刮除植骨治疗的20例介为痊愈组(11例)及复发组(9例),结果两组GCT细胞核DNA倍体数差别显著,说明GCT的侵袭力与核DNA含量密切相关。认为将测量的全部指标行多因素分析判别正确率高,对评价GCT的生物学行为和指导治疗更有意义。     

流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的通过流式细胞仪(FCM)技术测定胸水脱落细胞细胞核的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)含量,并将此方法与传统的病理学方法,肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)的检测相比较,以鉴别胸水的良恶、性。方法病例选自2003-03~2004-03苏州大学附属第二医院呼吸内科的住院患者,留取新鲜的胸腔积液标本,以肝素抗凝,荧光染料染色后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞核DNA倍体,分析细胞的增殖能力。结果根据临床检查将胸水分为良性和恶性两组,在恶性胸腔积液组中,87·5%的标本可以检测到DNA异倍体,在良性胸腔积液中,90%的标本表现为两倍体。结论流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定使得病理诊断有了可依据的客观指标,是病理学检查的有益补充,与CEA联合测定可以提高恶性胸腔积液的检出率。     

流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的通过流式细胞仪（FCM）技术测定胸水脱落细胞细胞核的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）含量，并将此方法与传统的病理学方法，肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原（CEA）的检测相比较，以鉴别胸水的良恶、性。方法病例选自2003-03～2004-03苏州大学附属第二医院呼吸内科的住院患者，留取新鲜的胸腔积液标本，以肝素抗凝，荧光染料染色后，用流式细胞仪检测细胞核DNA倍体，分析细胞的增殖能力。结果根据临床检查将胸水分为良性和恶性两组，在恶性胸腔积液组中，87．5％的标本可以检测到DNA异倍体，在良性胸腔积液中，90％的标本表现为两倍体。结论流式细胞仪DNA倍体测定使得病理诊断有了可依据的客观指标，是病理学检查的有益补充，与CEA联合测定可以提高恶性胸腔积液的检出率。     

胃癌中Autotaxin基因、CD44v6分子、DNA含量的相关性研究

Antotaxin(ATX)是一种肿瘤细胞自分泌运动因子,与肿瘤浸润转移关系密切。CD44v6是粘附分子家族成员之一,也与肿瘤浸润转移复发有关。细胞核DNA含量是反映细胞增殖状态的一个良好指标,而细胞无限增殖与肿瘤的发生、发展及预后密切相关。胃癌在我国常见,我们拟检测胃癌组织中ATX,CD44v6的表达特征及细胞核DNA含量分析,对三者之间进行相关性分析,探讨以ATX,CD44v6,DNA含量分析联合来判断胃癌浸润、转移能力的可能性和方法     

肾上腺皮质肿瘤的DNA含量测定及临床意义

应用细胞分光光度计测定肾上腺皮质细胞核DNA含量,旨在揭示正常肾上腺皮质、肾上腺皮质增生、腺瘤和癌的细胞核DNA定量差异,探讨其对肾上腺皮质肿瘤的诊断价值和判断预后的意义。 一、材料与方法 1.实验材料 选择本校西南医院和新桥医院1980～1992年手术切除的54例肾上腺皮质肿瘤和增生档案资料,并进行随访观察,平均随访时间约4年5个月（8个月～11年）。分为以下四组。     

An analysis of DNA histogram and the expression of carbohydrate antigens regarding the degree of malignancy in gastric cancer

We investigated both DNA histogram and the expression of carbohydrate antigens concerning to 168 patients with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer with type II DNA ploidy pattern showed a high incidence of vascular invasion and liver metastasis in the DNA analysis. Furthermore, ten patients with Stage II died of recurrence of gastric cancer within 2 years, of these nine patients showed type II or III DNA ploidy pattern. Then, gastric cancer with type II or III DNA ploidy pattern showed a high incidence of the expression of carbohydrate antigens, where they tended to distribute to cytoplasm and stroma. In conclusion, an analysis of nuclear DNA content appeared useful to predict prognosis in gastric cancer, in which type II DNA ploidy pattern showed the highest degree of malignancy, and both the expression of carbohydrate antigens and their localization possibly fill the role of parameter of the degree of malignancy.     

Relationship between nuclear morphometry,DNA content and resectability of pancreatic cancer

AIM: To investigate the association of nuclear morphometry and DNA content with resectability of pancreatic cancer.METHODS: A total of 36 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were divided into resectable group and unresectable group. The nuclear morphometry and DNA contents of tumor cells were analyzed by IBAS autoimagine analyzer from paraffin-embedded materials. Localization size,histological type and grade, and clinical stage of the tumor were evaluated. Factors influencing resectability of pancreatic cancer were investigated using stepwise regression analysis.RESULTS: Statistical significance was found in nuclear DNA content (integrated optical density, IOD) of tumor cells (1.64±0.41 vs 2.96±0.55), DNA ploidy, ages (46.5±5.3 years vs 58.6±0.7 years) and tumor volumes (298.1±101.5 cm3 vs 634.7±512.5 cm3) in both groups (P＜0.05), and no difference was found in the nuclear morphometry (P＞0.05). The rates of diploid/tetraploid and aneuploid were 66.7 % and 33.3% in resectable group respectively, and 38.9 % and 62.1%in unresectable group, respectively (P＜0.05). IOD (X12), ploidy status (X13) and clinical stage (X3) were radical resectable indicators with statistical significance. The regression equation for resectability was Y=-9.2053+3.5428X12+2.5390X13-2.3001X3(RR=0.8780, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: There is a high correlation between resectability of pancreatic cancers and their DNA contents,DNA ploidy status and clinical stage.     

Significance of proliferative activity and DNA ploidy in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Precise preoperative assessment of diagnosis and prognosis in patients with pancreatic tumors would facilitate improvement of treatment strategies. In this context, we evaluated the significance of the proliferative index and of static DNA cytophotometry in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic tumors. METHODS: Consecutive surgical specimens from 26 patients with ductal pancreatic cancers and eight patients with chronic pancreatitis were investigated by: 1. Staging; 2. Conventional histological and cytological grading; 3. MIB-1 (Ki-67 labeling) proliferating index; and 4. Static DNA cytophotometry. RESULTS: All patients with chronic pancreatitis had a normal MIB-1 labeling index and a euploid DNA content. In contrast, patients with pancreatic cancers rarely had a normal labeling index (1 of 26 patients) or a euploid DNA content (6 of 26 patients). Staging significantly correlated with survival time. However, it did not correlate with cytological criteria. Cytological criteria, such as conventional grading, MIB-1 proliferating index, and DNA ploidy, were not significantly correlated with survival time. Conventional grading was significantly correlated (p < 0.02) with proliferating index, but not with DNA ploidy. CONCLUSION: Proliferating index and DNA ploidy are relevant cytological markers that can help to discriminate between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The prognostic significance of these markers in pancreatic cancer patients, however, seems to be less relevant than tumor stage and of limited relevance for the individual cancer patient.     

Quantitative nuclear DNA content in fine needle aspirates of pancreatic cancer.

The quantitative nuclear DNA content of nuclei from fine needle aspirations from 70 patients with pancreatic cancer was measured using an image analyser system. Retrospective analysis of patients indicated that cases with tumour stemlines in the diploid region had the best chance for radical surgery (p less than 0.006) and the best probability of survival (p less than 0.0004). The prognosis for patients with tetraploid stemlines was intermediate and was poorest for patients with no stemlines in the diploid-tetraploid region. From those parameters assessed postoperatively, only the tumour stage added appreciable information on prognosis to the preoperative quantitative DNA content obtainable. Therefore, in patients with pancreatic cancer the quantitative DNA content should be taken into account in planning treatment and assessing prognosis. Furthermore, the quantitative DNA content may have a major role in stratification for further treatment trials.     

DNA ploidy, tumour site, and prognosis in colorectal cancer. A flow cytometric study of paraffin-embedded tissue

DNA ploidy patterns were studied by flow cytometry in nuclear suspensions from 149 paraffin-embedded colorectal adenocarcinomas. The DNA ploidy of rectal tumours was not significantly different from that of colonic tumours. Patients with DNA diploid tumours had a significant survival advantage compared with patients with non-diploid tumours, but DNA ploidy did not confer any significant additional prognostic information when tumour site, Dukes's stage, the invasiveness of the tumour, and the number of lymph node metastases were adjusted for in a proportional hazards regression analysis (Cox). It is concluded that DNA ploidy does not contribute significantly to the explanation of why patients with rectal cancer have a poorer prognosis than those with colonic cancer.     

Relationship between DNA ploidy and survival in patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer

The DNA ploidy of pancreatic cancer tissue from paraffin blocks was measured by flow cytometry in 46 patients whose disease had been detected and treated with surgery. Lymph node involvement was observed at the time of diagnosis in 36% of patients with diploid tumors and in 79% of patients with aneuploid tumors (p = 0.017), but no clear relation to metastasis could be observed (p = 0.201). The S-phase fraction (SPF) was significantly higher in aneuploid than in diploid tumors (p = 0.007). All patients who underwent radical surgery had diploid DNA content and SPF below the median (11.5%). Seven patients with a diploid tumor (32%) and none of the aneuploid cases survived 1 year. Over the 1-year period, in order of importance, the type of treatment (p less than 0.001), DNA ploidy (p = 0.004), tumor size (p = 0.0046), and lymph node status (p = 0.027) predicted survival. Aneuploidy showed a significant association with decreased cumulative survival (p = 0.015), and a suggestive relationship with SPF was found. The results suggest that DNA ploidy of pancreatic cancer can be used in dividing the patients into different prognostic groups. The value of the detection of aneuploidy, however, is limited, because diploid pancreatic cancers are also generally rapidly fatal.     

Significance of proliferative activity and DNA ploidy in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis

Summary Background  Precise preoperative assessment of diagnosis and prognosis in patients with pancreatic tumors would facilitate improvement of treatment strategies. In this context, we evaluated the significance of the proliferative index and of static DNA cytophotometry in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic tumors. Methods  Consecutive surgical specimens from 26 patients with ductal pancreatic cancers and eight patients with chronic pancreatitis were investigated by:

Correlation of nuclear morphometry and DNA ploidy in rectal cancer

Several investigators have used morphometric measurements to determine differences in the nuclear size and shape of normal and neoplastic colorectal tissue. Changes in nuclear morphometric parameters have also been shown to correlate with prognosis in a variety of noncolorectal cancers. The association of nuclear morphometry with prognostic indicators in rectal cancer has not been well studied. Measurements of the nuclear area, perimeter, longest cord, and circularity factor from 39 primary rectal adenocarcinomas were compared with DNA content, degree of tumor differentiation, Dukes' class, and patient survival. Nuclear circularity was found to correlate with DNA ploidy. Nondiploid tumors with a DNA index greater than 1.3 had significantly more circular nuclei than tumors with diploid or near-diploid DNA content. There was no correlation between nuclear morphometry and Dukes' class or patient survival. Significant increases in DNA content of rectal cancers appear to be reflected by measurable changes in nuclear shape. Nuclear morphometric measurements may provide useful information in the study of the progression of neoplastic changes in colorectal cancer.     

DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction, and G2 fraction as prognostic determinants in human pancreatic cancer.

The DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction (SPF), and G2 fraction of pancreatic cancer tissue was measured by flow cytometry in 95 patients. Forty-nine per cent (n = 47) had a diploid DNA index, and 51% (n = 48) of tumours were aneuploid. Aneuploid tumours and high-grade tumours had significantly higher S-phase and G2-fraction values than diploid tumours or low-grade tumours. Diploid and tetraploid tumours had a more favourable prognosis than non-tetraploid aneuploid tumours (p = 0.0020) during the mean follow-up of 6 years. The type of therapy (p = 0.07), histologic grade (p = 0.06), SPF (p = 0.1), and G2 fraction (p = 0.02) had predictive value in survival analysis as well. In multivariate survival analysis, including flow-cytometric, histologic, and clinical variables, diploidy and tetraploidy had independent predictive value. The results suggest that flow cytometry might be used in grading of pancreatic cancer. Such a grading would have practical value if new modes of therapy are being developed. Forty-one per cent of multiple samples had a heterogeneous DNA index when multiple samples were used. Consequently, flow cytometric analysis of pancreatic cancer using multiple samples is recommended.     

Nuclear DNA distribution pattern of the parenchymal cells in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and in chronic pancreatitis. A study of archival specimens using both image and flow cytometry

The nuclear DNA distribution pattern of the neoplastic parenchymal cells of 100 conventionally formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from pancreatic adenocarcinomas and from 8 specimens of chronic pancreatitis was assessed by means of image cytometry. All material originated from pancreatic restrictions. Evaluable DNA histograms could be obtained for 77 carcinomas, and clinical data were available for 71 of these. In these 71 specimens, the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern was also investigated by means of flow cytometry. In 76 of the 77 cases, the image-cytometric DNA ploidy pattern obtained showed a "nondiploid" distribution with modal values as high as 8.5 c. In 21 cases, the neoplastic cells showed modal values in the "triploid" region. The analogous 71 flow-cytometric DNA histograms could only be evaluated in 50 cases because of excessively high amounts of background and/or excessively broad peaks. In 47 cases, the nuclear DNA histogram was nondiploid according to both techniques. The patients with carcinomas whose cell nuclei showed a triploid DNA distribution showed a significantly shorter survival time than those with tumor cell populations of nontriploid DNA distribution patterns. In the 8 specimens of chronic pancreatitis, the parenchymal cells were all equipped with nuclei showing diploid DNA distribution patterns.