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超临界CO2萃取β-胡萝卜素的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对超临界CO2萃取胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素的工艺进行了实验研究.用L9(34)正交实验研究了萃取压力、CO2流量、原料粒径、萃取温度等因素对萃取效果的影响,且对夹带剂的用量进行了研究与探讨.实验结果表明,4个因素中对提取率影响大小依次为压力>流量>粒径>温度,适宜的超临界萃取条件为萃取压力40 MPa,CO2流量10kg·h,原料粒径为40目,萃取温度40℃,此条件下的提取率为30.25×104.夹带剂可明显提高萃取率,适宜的夹带剂添加量为40 mL.此外还将超临界萃取与有机溶剂提取进行了比较,效果均优于有机溶剂. 相似文献
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超临界CO_2提取黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
提取黄姜皂甙元的传统工艺是以120#汽油作溶剂,存在环境污染、生产安全隐患及溶剂残留等问题;超临界CO2提取技术是解决上述弊病的有效途径,但工艺条件及对皂甙元产品的影响还未知。该文采用单因素实验方法,考察了夹带剂、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力及解析温度对黄姜皂素得率的影响,并以正交实验考察了超临界CO2提取黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的最佳工艺条件:以体积分数95%的乙醇作夹带剂,提取时间3 h、萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度60℃、解析温度50℃;各工艺参数对提取效果的影响排序为:提取时间>萃取温度>萃取压力>解析温度。最佳工艺条件下皂素得率可达19.35%,同传统工艺(得率为15.6%)相比增加了24%,且产品溶剂残留少,熔点高。 相似文献
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采用超临界CO2萃取花生油脂中主要成分,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和夹带剂用量等对萃取率的影响。结果表明,在CO2流量为10~12 L/h的前提下,最佳工艺条件是:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2.0 h,夹带剂用量20 mL。在此条件下,花生油脂的萃取率可达50.39%。影响提取率的主次因素为萃取压力萃取时间萃取温度夹带剂用量。 相似文献
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正交实验法优化了超临界CO2萃取香椿叶总黄酮的工艺。在原料50 g,分离室Ⅰ温度35℃、压力7 MPa;分离室Ⅱ温度35℃、压力与储罐平衡条件下,超临界CO2萃取香椿叶中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,夹带剂用量为3 mL/g原料,CO2流量35 L/h,提取5次,前2次用无水乙醇、后3次用体积分数为85%的乙醇做夹带剂。在此条件下1 g香椿叶中提取的总黄酮质量为8.8369 mg,总萃取率为51.06%,提取物以总黄酮计的清除2,2-二苯代苦味酰基苯肼基(DPPH)自由基的IC50为5.080 g.g-1。 相似文献
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超临界CO_2萃取烟草精油的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以烟草为材料,以精油提取率、新植二烯提取率、精油品质为评价指标,通过单因素实验考察夹带剂乙醇的体积分数、夹带剂流量、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。在此基础上,通过正交实验优选萃取工艺条件为:94%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量0.04mL·min-1、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度50℃、CO2流量2.0L·min-1、萃取时间3.0h,在此条件下萃取的精油金黄透亮,夹带剂残留少,精油提取率为37.58mg·g-1,新植二烯提取率为4.045mg·g-1。 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples. 相似文献
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Peter A. Edwards Grant Striemer Dean C. Webster 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):517-527
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins.
Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol.
The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and
cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on
the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to
determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model
amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate
functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
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Dongjiang Yang Yao Xu Lei Zhang Shangru Zhai Dong Wu Yuhan Sun 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):127-131
A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by 1H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO2 coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N2 absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals. 相似文献