利用铝材厂污泥研制刚玉/莫来石/钛酸铝复相材料

本研究以铝型材厂煅烧污泥为主原料,研制刚玉/莫来石/钛酸铝复相材料。本实验主要探讨不同配方对复相材料结构与性能的影响,从而确定较佳的配方。用XRD和SEM分析确定各试样的晶相和结构,应用Rietveld quantification软件计算试样中各晶相的含量,测试各试样性能。实验结果,各试样形成3种晶相:α-Al2O3、Al4.59Si1.41O9.7和Al2TiO5,其中Al4.59Si1.41O9.7是主晶相。分析结果,确定NO.4为最佳的配方,其对应晶相含量:α-Al2O3为15.2%、Al4.59Si1.41O9.7为57.6%、Al2TiO5为27.2%;其对应的抗折强度107.63Mpa,一次热震强度抗折强度保持率为41.51%。     

用不同硅质原料来制备莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷

分别以Al(OH)3为铝质原料,气相白炭黑和硅灰为硅质原料,在1330 ℃下实现了莫来石的低温合成,莫来石转化率达90%以上.以碳化硅为骨料,以20%结合剂制得了莫来石结合碳化硅复相陶瓷多孔材料.当材料的气孔率为31.46%时,抗折强度达85.75 MPa.利用XRD和SEM分别研究了不同硅质原料合成莫来石结合碳化硅材料中莫来石转化率及材料烧成温度对材料性能的影响.作为比较,研究了以红柱石为合成莫来石原料来制备Mullite/SiC复相陶瓷多孔材料.     

Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O体系中制备莫来石连续纤维

以Al2O3、SiO2、Na2CO3粉末为原料,通过熔融拉丝法制备了莫来石连续纤维;通过X-ray衍射、扫描电镜、能谱及差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分析,讨论了莫来石纤维的形成过程及机理.实验表明,采用熔融法,从Si2-Al2O3-Na2O体系中能够制备出组织形态为针状的莫来石连续纤维,纤维的主晶相为莫来石和玻璃相;部分玻璃相在热处理过程中能够转变为莫来石晶相,从而进一步提高了纤维的耐火度.     

pH值对沉淀法制备Al_2O_3相转变的影响

为获得Al2O3粉体,以Al(NO3)3为原料,NH3.H2O为沉淀剂,采用液相化学沉淀法,在不同pH值下制备了Al(OH)3前驱体,并利用TEM,XRD,TGA等分析手段对前驱体进行了表征。pH=5时前驱体的相转变主要是由非晶Al(OH)3→非晶Al2O3→α-Al2O3;pH=9及pH=11前驱体的相转变主要是由Al(OH)3→γ-Al2O3→θ-Al2O3→α-Al2O3。XRD结果表明,低pH值时制备的Al(OH)3更容易转化为α-Al2O3稳定相。pH=5时前驱体在1 100℃就可转变为α-Al2O3稳定相,而pH=9和pH=11时制备的前驱体则分别需在1 150℃和1 200℃才能转变为α-AlO。研究表明,pH值对制备的前驱体的物相、形貌、相转变都有很大影响。     

络合溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3纳米晶及其表征(英文)

以异丙醇铝为原料,用聚乙二醇(PEG1000)络合溶胶-凝胶法合成了Al2O3纳米晶,并采用差热-热重分析、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等对络合前驱体及粉体进行表征;探讨了PEG1000及煅烧温度对纳米Al2O3相结构、粒子尺寸、形貌及分散性的影响规律.结果表明:PEG1000增强了纳米Al2O3粒子的分散性.干凝胶在600～900℃煅烧后得到γ-Al2O3相;在600℃煅烧条件下,得到γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为针状结构,长度约为50～60nm.随着煅烧温度的升高,γ-Al2O3针状粒子长度逐渐减小,在750℃煅烧后,得到γ-Al2O3粒子长度为20～30nm;在900℃煅烧条件下,γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为颗粒状,平均粒径尺寸为10nm;当干凝胶在1 000℃煅烧后得到θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3的混合相,所得粒子平均粒径尺寸为20 nm;当干凝胶在1 200℃煅烧后,得到的Al2O3全部转化α-Al2O3相,制得的纳米Al2O3粒子尺寸均一且分散性良好.     

水热法低温合成α-Al2O3粉体的影响因素

以工业Al(OH)3为原料,通过引入晶种和矿化剂,用水热法低温合成α-Al2O3粉体.研究了固相含量、原料粒度、水热温度、保温时间、晶种加入量、矿化剂种类等因素对α-Al2O3产率和产物晶粒形貌的影响.结果表明:随固相含量的增加,产物的收率增加,当固相含量增大到8%(质量分数,下同)时,产物的收率开始降低;原料粒度从16 μm减小到2.5μm时,产物的收率增大,当原料粒度减小到1.5μm,产物的收率变化不明显;随着水热温度的升高、水热时间的延长,α-Al2O3含量相对增多,晶粒发育渐趋完善:晶种的引入有效地降低了α-Al2O3成核的活化能,有利于α-Al2O3形成;矿化剂的种类对水热合成α-Al2O3的作用效果差别很大,加入矿化剂KBr更有利于α-Al2O3生成和晶体发育.发育完善的α-Al2O3呈六方柱状,晶体显露{0001}和{11 2 0}面族.最佳的实验工艺条件为:固相含量5%,反应温度390℃,保温时间2h,晶种加入量5%质量分数),填充度40%(体积分数),矿化剂KBr加入量0.5mol/L.     

原料及热处理制度对合成微孔轻质莫来石骨料性能的影响

研制具有优良隔热性能的耐火骨料对开发高性能轻质浇注料有重要作用。以w(α-Al2O3)=95%,w(β-Al2O3)=3%~5%的工业氧化铝A或w(γ-Al2O3)=70%~80%,w(α-Al2O3)=5%~10%,w(三水铝石)=5%~10%的工业氧化铝B,硅石粉为主要原料,采用烧烬可燃物法制备了微孔轻质莫来石骨料,研究了两种具有不同特性的工业氧化铝和不同热处理制度对合成微孔轻质莫来石骨料性能的影响。结果表明:(1)以工业氧化铝B为原料制得的轻质莫来石骨料的体积密度要普遍低于以工业氧化铝A为原料的,且以工业氧化铝B为原料得到的莫来石骨料的常温耐压强度随热处理温度升高而增加。(2)以不同工业氧化铝为原料合成骨料的莫来石的转化率在1500℃之前大致相当,均为60%(w)左右,得到的微孔轻质莫来石骨料的平均孔径约为3~5μm。(3)以γ相为主的工业氧化铝B更适合作原料,合适的热处理制度为1350℃6h。     

γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3与其对应的氢氧化物对合成尖晶石的影响

以γ-Al2O3(勃姆石在700℃保温4 h热处理后的产物)、α-Al2O3(Al(OH)3在1 400℃保温4 h热处理后的产物)、勃姆石、Al(OH)3为原料,与轻烧MgO按n(Al2O3):n(MgO)=1的组成配料并制备试样,研究了在800～1 600 ℃下不同氧化铝及其对应的氢氧化物对合成尖晶石的影响.结果表明:γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3分别同与其对应的氢氧化物为原料的试样具有相似的烧结性能;且以氢氧化物为原料比以氢氧化物煅烧后所得的氧化物为原料更有利于尖晶石的生成,但不利于尖晶石的致密化.     

利用铝厂废渣合成钛酸铝莫来石复相材料的研究

用铝型材厂废渣,高岭土和TiO2为主要原料固相烧结合成钛酸铝-莫来石复相材料.探讨不同原料配比对材料晶相及微观形貌的影响.采用X-射线衍射仪(X-Ray diffraction,XRD),扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)及相关分析软件表征复相材料的晶相组成和显微结构.研究结果确定最佳的原料配比为:铝型材厂废渣:高岭土:TiO2(质量比,下同)为:68∶13∶19,此时复相材料的主要相组成为钛酸铝(Al2TiO5):60.8%,莫来石固溶体(Al4.544Si1.456 O9.36B):22.7%,扫描电镜观察结果显示Al2TiO5晶体呈自形状,而莫来石固溶体主要以柱状和针状产出,材料体积密度达到3.53 g/cm3,气孔率为9.8%,抗折强度为34.15 Mpa.     

水热法合成α-Al2O3粉体的工艺因素研究

以工业Al(OH)3为起始原料,以α-Al2O3纳米粉为晶种,以KBr作为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了α-Al2O3粉体,利用正交设计法研究了水热反应体系的固含量和pH值、α-Al2O3纳米粉加入量、KBr浓度、填充度以及反应温度和保温时间等工艺因素对合成产物中α-Al2O3含量的影响,试验得出并验证了最优方案,分析了采用最优方案合成产物的显微结构.结果表明:1)各因素对α-Al2O3产率的影响程度从大到小的顺序为:水热温度、纳米α-Al2O3加入量、KBr浓度、固含量、pH值、保温时间、填充度,且随水热温度的升高、纳米α-Al2O3加入量的增加以及pH值的降低,α-Al2O3产率逐渐增加;2)最优方案为:固含量5%,水热温度390 ℃,纳米α-Al2O3加入量5%,pH值5,保温时间4 h,填充度30%,KBr浓度1.0 mol·L-1;3)采用最优方案合成出的产物中α-Al2O3含量达100%,并且α-Al2O3晶体发育比较完善,呈六棱柱状.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。