Mild oxidation treatment of graphite anode for Li-ion batteries

1　INTRODUCTIONNumerous carbonaceous materials have beeninvestigated as anodes of lithium ion batteries dur ing the past several years[1 4]. Graphite is an at tractive material for anodes of lithium ion batteriesdue to its high reversible capacity (372 mA·h/g intheory), low and flat discharge potential (0.1 0.2 Vvs. Li)[5 8]. However, there are still some prob lems for the graphite in the application with respectto a low practically available capacity, and a largeir…     

碳包覆石墨作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

将天然石墨(NG)用浓HNO3氧化处理后,在其表面包覆柠檬酸,在惰性气体气氛下700℃处理18h,制得了包覆改性石墨.采用XRD及电化学测试等手段对材料进行了结构表征和性能测试.考察了不同包覆比例对材料充放电性能的影响.XRD结果表明包覆改性对石墨的结构并没有明显的影响.充放电测试表明,与天然石墨相比,包覆改性石墨具有更好的电化学性能,其中又以石墨与柠檬酸质量比为2∶1时性能最好,其首次放电容量为345.1 mA h g1,经20次循环后容量仍保持在305 mA h g1以上,容量衰减率仅为11.01%.     

Fabrication of Ni-, Co- and NiCo-coated graphite microspheres by heterogeneous precipitation

The precursors with NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·2H₂O, Co₂(OH)₂CO₃, or both NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·2H₂O and Co₂(OH)₂CO₃ coated graphite microspheres were prepared respectively by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation using nickel sulfate, cobalt nitrate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and graphite microspheres as the main starting materials. Subsequently, Ni-, Co- and NiCo-coated graphite microspheres were successfully obtained by thermal reduction of the as-prepared precursors at 500 °C for 2 h, respectively. These metal-coated graphite microspheres were characterized with a smooth, cohesive surface consisting of fine metallic particles. Optimized precipitation processing parameters of the concentration of graphite microspheres (10 g/L), the rate of adding reactants (3 mL/min) and pH value (8.0) were determined by a trial and error method. The thermal analysis of the precursors was investigated by TG. Powders of the precursors and the resultant metal-(Ni, Co and NiCo alloy) coated graphite microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Funded by the Post-graduate Innovation foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. CX07B_085z)     

Optimizing pyrolysis of resin carbon for anode of lithium ion batteries

1INTRODUCTION Lithiumionbatterieshaveattractedworldwide attentionandbeendevelopedrapidlyduetotheirhighenergydensity,goodcharge dischargeper formancesandlongcyclelife[14].Theseoutstand ingpropertiesresultfromtheuseofcarbonmateri alsasanodeinsteadoflithiummetal.However,thespecificcapacityofcarbonmaterialsisfar smallerthanthatoflithiummetal(3670mA·h/g).Muchefforthasbeenfocusedonimprovingca pacityofcarbonanodesduringthepastfew years[57].Recentworkindicatedthatdisorderedcar bons,obtainedbypy…     

A Novel Modification Approach for Natural Graphite Anode of Li-ion Batteries

To improve the rate caqability and cyclability of natural graphite anode for Li-ion batteries, a novel modifwatio, approach was developed. The modification approach included two steps:(a) high-energy ball milling in a rotary aatoelave containing alumina balls, H3PO4 and ethanol;( b ) coating with pyrolytic carbon from phenlic resin. The treated graphite sluws obrious improvement compared with the original natural graphite in electroehemical properties such as cyclahility and rate capability, especially at high current density. The primaryreasons leading to the improvement in rate capability and cyclability are that the diffusion impedance of Li^ in graphite is reduced due to the fact that P filtered into graphite layers can mildly increase interlayer distances, and the fact that the structural stability of graphite surface is enhanced since the coated pyrolytic carbon can depress the co-intercalation of solvated lithium ion.     

新能源材料Li4Ti5O12的制备与应用研究进展

介绍了充放电过程中具有“零应变”等优异特性的Li4Ti5O12的晶体结构、嵌锂特性,对其制备、改性及应用研究现状进行了总结．在此基础上,分析了当前研究存在的问题,并指出了进一步研究的可能方向．     

新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1VO2的合成和电化学性能

采用高温固相反应法合成了新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1VO2。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和恒电流充放电法研究了不同温度下合成的Li1.1VO2试样的结构、形貌和电化学性能。实验结果表明：1 100℃下合成的Li1.1VO2试样结构完整、颗粒大小均匀,具有最佳的电化学性能。在0.1C、1C倍率下,放电容量分别为313.2,210.5 mA.h/g;在1C倍率下,经过50次循环后,放电容量保持率高达95.45%。     

泡沫碳@SnO2复合材料的制备及电化学性能

为了提高氧化锡（SnO₂）电极的电化学性能,采用牺牲模板法和水热法相结合,制备了C@SnO₂复合电极材料。结果表明水热反应过程中生成的SnO₂纳米颗粒负载在泡沫碳的骨架上,或存在于泡囊中。C@SnO₂电极在0.1 A/g的电流密度下循环100圈后比容量超过660 mAh/g。在1.6 A/g的大电流密度下充放电时,电池的比容量达到较高水平（≥310 mAh/g）。这种优异的电化学性能归因于SnO₂纳米颗粒的纳米特性和泡沫碳的特殊结构,可以改善电子传导性,并适应脱嵌锂过程中SnO₂的体积变化。与纯SnO₂电极相比,C@SnO₂复合电极的比容量显著提升,稳定性也得到了增强。     

新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1VO2的 合成和电化学性能

采用高温固相反应法合成了新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1VO2。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和恒电流充放电法研究了不同温度下合成的Li1.1VO2试样的结构、形貌和电化学性能。实验结果表明:1 100℃下合成的Li1.1VO2试样结构完整、颗粒大小均匀,具有最佳的电化学性能。在0.1C、1C倍率下,放电容量分别为313.2,210.5 mA.h/g;在1C倍率下,经过50次循环后,放电容量保持率高达95.45%。     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of TiO2-B as anode material

TiO₂-B was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The structures, surface morphologies and electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement, respectively. The effects of calcining temperature, molar ratio of K₂O to TiO₂ and calcining time on the characteristics of TiO₂-B were investigated. The results show that the calcining time exerts a significant influence on the electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B. The TiO₂-B is obtained with good crystal structure and suitable size by using K₂Ti₄O₉, which is prepared at 950°C for 24 h under the condition of x(K₂O)/x(TiO₂)=1:3.5. The TiO₂-B delivers all initial discharge capacity of 231.6 mA·h/g. And the rate capacity is 73.2 mA·h/g at 1 675 mA/g, which suggests that TiO₂-B is a promising anode material for the lithium ion batteries.     

锂离子电池负极材料的研究现状及研究方向

在简要介绍锂离子电池的工作原理的基础上,对锂离子电池负极材料的研究现状进行分析,比较各种负极材料的优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,指出对各类锂离子电池负极材料,应该结合其优缺点,有针对性和侧重点地单独研发,如开发高容量型合金负极、高功率/高安全型钛酸锂负极以及低成本型金属氧化物负极材料。     

Soft chemical synthesis and electrochemical properties of tin oxide-based materials as anodes for lithium ion batteries

1　INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentoflithiumionbatteries ,thereisanincreasingdemandforelectrodematerialspossessinghighcapacity .Muchresearchwasunder takentosearchfornewanodematerialsin placeofcarbon (theoreticalmaximumcapacityof 372mA·h·g- 1)toimproveenergydensityforrechargeablelithi umionbatteries[110 ] .Notably ,tinoxide basedmate rials ,aspossiblecandidatesforthenextgenerationanodematerialsforLi ionbatteriesduetotheirhighlithiumstoragecapacityandlow potentialoflithiumionintercalation ,…     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphite composites as anodes of lithium ion batteries

Co3O4/graphite composites were synthesized by precipitation of cobalt oxalate on the surface of graphite and pyrolysis of the precipitate, and the effects of graphite content and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge/discharge measurements. With increasing the graphite content, the reversible capacity of the Co3O4/graphite composites decreases, while cycling stability improves dramatically, and the addition of graphite obviously decreases the average potential of lithium intercalation/deintercalation. The reversible capacity of the composites with 50% graphite rises from 583 to 725 mAh/g as the calcination temperature increases from 300 to 500 ℃, and the Co3O4/graphite composites synthesized at 400 ℃ show the best cycling stability without capacity loss in the initial 20 cycles. The CV profile of the composite presents two couples of redox peaks, corresponding to the lithium intercalaction/deintercalation for graphite and Co3O4, respectively. EIS studies indicate that the electrochemical impedance decreases with increasing the graphite content.     

锂离子电池硅/石墨复合负极材料的制备及性能研究

锂离子电池发展的重要目标之一是高容量的负极材料,而硅材料以其高达4 200 mAh/g的理论比容量成为研究热点;但是硅负极材料有较大的体积效应,从而造成其电化学循环性能的快速下降,限制了其在生产中的应用.本研究以纳米硅与石墨不同比例的掺杂,通过高能球磨与退火处理,表明当硅与石墨比例为2：1时,首次放电比容量可达2 136.4 mAh/g,同时首次的充放电效率为85.5%; 经过35次循环之后,其可逆容量的保持率85.3%,具有良好的电化学性能.硅/石墨复合材料良好的电化学性能,使其在锂离子电池负极材料的生产及应用中具有重要研究价值.     

以石油焦和高温煤沥青制备各向同性石墨材料的研究

以煅后石油焦为骨料,高温煤沥青为黏结剂,采用冷混捏球磨,经过冷等静压工艺在不同压力下制得各向同性石墨材料,并对不同成型压力下制备所得材料的微观结构和物理性能进行分析. 结果表明,当骨料颗粒平均尺寸d50约为21μm,黏结剂含量为33 % 时,其适宜的成型压力为80 ～100 MPa;在不同的成型压力下制备各向同性石墨材料,应采用不同的焙烧和石墨化升温曲线;提高成型压力、减少骨料石油焦中大尺寸片状结构颗粒的数量及增强骨料和黏结剂混捏的均匀性,均有利于提高所制备各向同性石墨材料的物理性能;采用高温煤沥青作为黏结剂,有利于提高各向同性石墨材料的导热率和电学性能.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphite composites as anodes of lithium ion batteries

Co₃O₄/graphite composites were synthesized by precipitation of cobalt oxalate on the surface of graphite and pyrolysis of the precipitate, and the effects of graphite content and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge/discharge measurements. With increasing the graphite content, the reversible capacity of the Co₃O₄/graphite composites decreases, while cycling stability improves dramatically, and the addition of graphite obviously decreases the average potential of lithium intercalation/deintercalation. The reversible capacity of the composites with 50% graphite rises from 583 to 725 mA·h/g as the calcination temperature increases from 300 to 500 °C, and the Co₃O₄/graphite composites synthesized at 400 °C show the best cycling stability without capacity loss in the initial 20 cycles. The CV profile of the composite presents two couples of redox peaks, corresponding to the lithium intercalaction/deintercalation for graphite and Co₃O₄, respectively. EIS studies indicate that the electrochemical impedance decreases with increasing the graphite content.     

SnO2-MoO3-x/CNTs纳米复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的性能

为了改善SnO2-MoO3-x纳米复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的性能,通过水热法制得SnO2-MoO3-x/CNTs纳米复合材料,并研究CNTs的含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响;通过XRD与SEM对所得纳米复合材料进行表征,将材料组装为扣式电池,利用电化学工作站、蓝电电池测试系统等进行电化学性能测试.结果表明:CNTs的加...     

锂离子电池组的均衡控制与设计

基于现有的锂离子电池制造水平,单体电池存在一定差异,为了避免个别单体的过充、过放所导致的电池组失效,使其性能接近单体电池的平均水平。应对电池组中各单体之间实现均衡控制。描述了电池的均衡控制方法、电路设计和实现步骤,并对锂离子电池进行均衡充电试验。结果表明该方法能有效的弥补电池的不一致性。