模糊推理中一级泛蕴涵的信息约束研究

基于线性特征测度的定义,本文详细讨论了在模糊推理中一级泛蕴涵满足信息有界性原则的条件,并得出结论:如果命题真值具有正的测量误差,则当命题间是相斥相关,且其广义相关系数h∈[0.5,((n+1)-(n2-n+1)1/2)/2]以及命题间是相克相关(h∈[0,0.5])时,一级泛蕴涵算子满足信息有界性原则;如果命题真值具有负的测量误差,则当命题间是相克相关,且其广义相关系数h∈[0,((n+1)-(n2-n+1)1/2)/2]时,一级泛蕴涵算子满足信息有界性原则.这一结论对于在实际控制应用中,如何给定命题间的广义相关系数h值具有重要的指导意义.     

泛组合运算模型研究

泛逻辑学是在模糊逻辑的基础上,分析命题之间关系的连续可变性。提出了“广义相关性”和“广义自相关性”两个重要的概念,将命题连接词运算模型定义为由相关性所控制的算子簇,实现了命题连接词运算模型的柔性化。其中泛组合运算模型是为了满足连续值逻辑中综合决策的需求而提出的。目前仅有二元模型,在实际应用中迫切需要多元模型。但由于泛组合问题的复杂度随着“元”的个数增加而急剧增大,其设计有一定的难度。提出了多元泛组合运算模型和生成元加权零级泛组合运算模型,从而不仅满足了应用中多元综合决策的要求,还进一步完善了泛逻辑学中的命题连接词理论。     

基于零级泛与运算的泛逻辑中广义重言式理论

对泛逻辑的广义重言式理论进行了研究,给出了基于零级泛与运算的广义重言式的一系列性质。主要结果有:当c∈[0.75,1]时,关于Ih=c而言,F(S)中只有3种不同的广义重言式,即可达0-重言式、0+-重言式和重言式;当h=0时,关于Ih=0而言,F(S)中存在0、1可达重言式,当α∈(0,1),不存在α-重言式、α+-重言式和可达α-重言式;用h=0.5时的广义重言式对h∈(0,0.75)时的广义重言式进行了刻画。     

基于零级泛与运算的谓词形式系统及其完备性

泛逻辑是在研究柔性世界逻辑规律时发现的一个新的连续值的逻辑体系,它通过引入广义相关性和广义自相关性刻画命题之间的相互关系.本文主要解决基于零级泛与运算的一阶谓词演算形式系统(V)ULh∈(0,1]的完备性.通过引入全称量词和存在量词,建立与命题形式系统ULh∈(0,1]相对应的一阶谓词形式系统(V)ULh∈(0.1],并证明其完备性定理.从而得到系统(V)ULh∈(0,1]的语义和语构是和谐的.     

[0，∞)值柔性逻辑中平均运算模型的研究

在柔性逻辑中,不仅命题真值的连续可变性对命题连接词运算模型有影响,而且命题间关系的连续可变性对命题连接词运算模型也有影响。柔性逻辑中的逻辑算子是在其定义域上随广义自相关系数k和广义相关系数h连续变化的算子簇。详细研究了柔性逻辑平均算子,定义了[0,∞)值零级和一级柔性逻辑平均运算模型。为保证逻辑运算模型的零级完整性,该模型在其定义域内,从最大算子经过概率算子和中心算子,到最小算子单调连续变化,证明了该区间上的4个特殊算子形式。     

泛逻辑泛运算模型之间的关系

研究泛逻辑的泛与运算模型、泛或运算模型与模糊非之间的关系。证明了零级泛与运算模型T(x,y,h)、零级泛或运算模型S(x, y, h)与强非N(x)=1-x形成De Morgan三元组,当h∈(0, 0.75), 零级泛或运算S(x, y, h)=(min(xm+ym, 1))1/m, N(x)=(1-xm)1/m时, T, S, N形成一个强De Morgan三元组。进一步证明了一级泛与运算模型T(x, y, h, k)、一级泛或运算模型S(x, y, h, k)与N(x)=(1-xn)1/n满足De Morgan定律;特别当h∈(0, 075), 一级泛或运算模型S(x, y, h, k)=(min(xnm+ynm, 1))1/nm, N(x)=(1-xnm)1/nm时, T, S, N形成一个强De Morgan三元组。     

泛蕴涵的若干性质

泛蕴涵联结词是广泛存在于经验性思维、不确定性推理和各种多值逻辑系统中并且具有普遍意义的逻辑运算之一。论文首先对文[6]中泛蕴涵联结词的定义进行改进,使其定义更为严格且易于运算,并研究了泛蕴涵联接词的若干性质;其次分别给出泛蕴涵与D-P条件和(T-T1)条件的关系,得出泛蕴涵在什么情形下分别满足它们。     

泛逻辑控制模型研究

提出了一种基于泛逻辑学中零级泛组合模型的泛逻辑控制器,并根据输入变量数目的不同,设计了一维到四维泛逻辑控制模型结构。由于考虑到输入量之间的广义相关性,泛逻辑控制模型具有较强的通用性和适应能力,针对不同被控对象无须单独设计,是一种具有柔性潜质的智能控制模型。对典型线性和非线性系统的控制实验,证明了模型的有效性和优越性。     

理想状态下泛逻辑的形式演绎系统B的完备性

UB代数是理想状态(广义相关系数h=0.5,广义自相关系数k=0.5)下泛逻辑的代数系统。本文引入UB代数滤子的概念,讨论了UB代数的一系列性质。证明了理想状态下泛逻辑形式演绎系统B的完备性与强完备性。     

一级泛非运算研究

何华灿等1996年提出关于不确定性推理的泛逻辑,对泛非运算给出了它的零级形式N(x)=1-x.本文讨论它的一级形式,内容包括不确定性的级,一级泛非现象,一级泛非公理,一级泛非运算N(x,h)的定义、主要性质和生成方法.这对深入认识不确定性及其逻辑规律,完善泛逻辑理论具有重要意义.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.