共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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能量生产过程中总会有残留物质和能量排放到大气中,对环境产生影响。本文从能量系统的烟平衡出发,将系统对环境的排放火用损失中分离出来,依据符号火用经济学的原理建立了包含环境影响在内的系统火用,火用成本和火用经济成本分析模型,并以燃气轮机功热并供(CGAM)系统为例推导出了矩阵求解方程,从而得出了能量系统的技术、经济和环境的火用经济综合分析模型。 相似文献
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本文系统地介绍了文献[2]所提出的 成本及热经济成本分析模式,并在数学形式的表达上使其更趋完善,引入了“热经济效益率”这一评价原则,并称其为能量系统的热经济学分析的统一代数模式。 相似文献
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本文在热力学分析和火用效率分析的基础上,将火用价值因子应用于热经济分析。从动态价值角度及能级角度对用能过程的合理性,方案的可行性及系统的最优性进行分析。通过理论分析和实例研究,指出火用价值因子方法进一步完善了热经济学分析,有推广使用价值。 相似文献
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本文通过对输油泵站的 平衡与能量平衡测试数据的比较,指出了 分析方法的优越性,并根据测试的结果提出了提高输油泵站能源利用率的一些措施,对指导输油泵站的节能有一定的帮助和借鉴作用。 相似文献
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为揭示直接空冷机组热力系统的不可逆损失的机理和挖掘其节能潜力,对600MW直接空冷机组的热力系统进行分析和节能评价。结果表明:600MW直接空冷机组的目的效率为39.08%,总损失占60.92%。凝汽器的损系数为6.11%,而相同容量水冷机组的凝汽器损系数仅为2.23%,因此,必须对凝汽器采取节能措施,提高直接空冷机组的整体效率。 相似文献
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ApplicationofExergoeconomicstotheAnalysisandOptimizationofProcessSystemsApplicationofExergoeconomicstotheAnalysisandOptimizat... 相似文献
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This paper presents the definitions of some terms used in exergy analysis and exergy costing, discusses options for the symbols to be used for exergy and some exergoeconomic variables, and presents the nomenclature for the remaining terms. 相似文献
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Intensive harvesting for energy production removes a disproportionate amount of nutrients, relative to biomass, and may also lead to site degradation or off-site impacts resulting from use of heavy equipment on sensitive soils. Scientifically-designed long-term field trials are required to accurately determine the impacts of harvesting on long-term site productivity, and to enable the design of more environmentally-sensitive silvicultural systems and ameliorative treatments. Design criteria for long-term site productivity studies and recommendations for “minimum data sets” and relevant process studies are discussed. International communication and collaboration is required to ensure that studies are relevant and that science funding is used as effectively as possible. 相似文献
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F. van der Hilst J.P. LesschenJ.M.C. van Dam M. RiksenP.A. Verweij J.P.M. SandersA.P.C. Faaij 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(4):2053-2069
In this study, the spatial variation of potential environmental impacts of bioenergy crops is quantitatively assessed. The cultivation of sugar beet and Miscanthus for bioethanol production in the North of the Netherlands is used as a case study. The environmental impacts included are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (during lifecycle and related to direct land use change), soil quality, water quantity and quality, and biodiversity. Suitable methods are selected and adapted based on an extensive literature review. The spatial variation in environmental impacts related to the spatial heterogeneity of the physical context is assessed using Geographical Information System (GIS). The case study shows that there are large spatial variations in environmental impacts of the introduction of bioenergy crops. Land use change (LUC) to sugar beet generally causes more negative environmental impacts than LUC to Miscanthus. LUC to Miscanthus could have positive environmental impacts in some areas. The most negative environmental impacts of a shift towards sugar beet and Miscanthus occur in the western wet pasture areas. The spatially combined results of the environmental impacts illustrate that there are several trade offs between environmental impacts: there are no areas were no negative environmental impacts occur. The assessment demonstrates a framework to identify areas with potential negative environmental impacts of bioenergy crop production and areas where bioenergy crop production have little negative or even positive environmental impacts. 相似文献
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Neoclassical and institutional economics have developed different theories and methodologies for evaluating environmental and social impacts of electricity generation. The neoclassical approach valuates external costs, and the institutional approach uses social cost valuation and MCDM methods. This paper focuses on three dimensions: theoretical and methodological backgrounds; critical review of specific studies: methodologies, results, and limitations; and discussing their results and implications for environmental policy and further research. The two approaches lead to a common conclusion that fossil fuels and nuclear power show the highest environmental impact. Despite the common conclusion, the conclusion has limited implications for environmental policy because of the weakness of their methodologies. 相似文献
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Ibrahim Dincer 《国际能源研究杂志》2002,26(8):717-727
In this study, a comprehensive discussion of energetic, exergetic and environmental aspects of drying systems is presented. Some theoretical and practical limitations on increased energy and exergy efficiencies and discussions of the relations between energy and exergy, and the environment, along with two illustrative examples are presented. A number of issues relating to energy, exergy and the environment are examined from the drying industry perspectives. It is pointed out that exergy is a suitable technique for furthering the goal of more efficient energy‐resource use and it is a key tool to determine the locations, types, and true magnitudes of wastes and losses in the drying systems. It is believed that this paper will provide some guidance to drying industry people in attaining optimum system design and operation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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According to systematic features, analysis method based on exergy balance is established. Basic indicators in the system, the subsystem, and facilities are put forward in this paper. By using this method to analyze the generation system of megawatt‐scale in one chemical enterprise, it is found that the objective exergy efficiency of the system is 35.67%, and exergy loss of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is the highest. The thermal efficiency of the total system is 9.61%. For the condenser, the thermal efficiency is 91.18%, and the exergy efficiency is only 23.44%. The objective exergy efficiency of the evaporator is 74.04%. The influence coefficient of exergy loss of condenser is higher than that of pump and expander, but input exergy of the condenser is lower than that of the expander. It is revealed that ORC subsystem is the part which needs to be focused on, and the condenser is the most important component of ORC subsystem which should be optimized firstly. 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2016
Given the widely acknowledged negative impacts of fossil fuels, both on human health and on potential climate change, it is of interest to compare the impacts of low carbon alternative energy sources such as nuclear energy, hydropower, solar, wind and biomass. In this paper, we review the literature in order to summarise the impacts of the different technologies in terms of their materials and energy requirements, their emissions during operation, their health effects during operation, the accident risks, and the associated waste streams. We follow up these comparisons with some more anecdotal evidence on selected impacts that are either particularly topical or are important but less commonly addressed. These include impacts of wind turbines on persons and on bird life, the underestimated problems with biomass, and concerns about biodiversity reduction. Finally we address the public attitudes towards both renewable energy technologies and to nuclear power. The conclusion is drawn that energy policies of many countries are perhaps more strongly influenced by public and political perceptions of available technologies than they are by rational assessment of the actual benefits and drawbacks. Policy recommendations follow from this conclusion. 相似文献