4H-甲基咪唑苯二氮Chuo酮类抗HIV-1药物的量子化学研究

用分子力学MM3方法、量子化学MNDO法和从头算STO-3G基组计算了20个4H-甲基眯唑苯二氮革酮HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂的优势构型和电子结构，用逐步回归方法和BP神经网络方法得到其抗HIV-1活性与电子结构的定量构效关系．结果表明：(1)TIBO类衍生物的体积越大，极性越小，即疏水性越大对抑制HIV-1活性越有利．(2)C环N上H原子可能是化合物的正电活性部位．(3)R′原子与受体作用时可能作为电子给予体，前线轨道中S的贡献比O大得多，故含S的TIBO化合物比含O化合物的活性高．(4)苯环上连接吸电子基团对活性有利，由于分子的正负电荷中心距离较近，极性较小，疏水性较大，故3位取代比2位取代活性更高．     

13位取代苦参碱衍生物抗癌活性的定量构效关系研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算了13个13位取代苦参碱衍生物的电子结构,研究了化合物结构与抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2抗癌活性的定量构效关系(QSAR).结果表明:(1)13位取代的苦参碱类衍生物的最低空轨道能ELUMO越低,最低空轨道与最高占据轨道的能隙ΔE越小,化合物抗癌活性越高;(2)分子的能量Etotal、面积S以及体积V越大,其极化度P越大,活性越大;(3)分子的油水分配系数logP越大,活性越大,即分子的疏水性增大活性增强.综合得到了显著性较好的QSAR方程:-lgIC50=97.008-11.759ΔE+818.602QC2-2.132×10-4Etotal,可用于预测该类衍生物抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的活性并进行分子设计.     

C(4)取代紫杉醇类似物的定量构效关系研究

用量子化学B3LYP／6-31G方法计算了23个C（4）取代紫杉醇类似物的结构,用遗传算法（GFA）对能量、电性、拓扑及热力学等类型的278个结构描述符进行筛选,并回归建立其抑制人体结肠癌细胞HCT-116活性的定量构效关系（QSAR）．QSAR方程含分子体积Vm、分子分支度指数CHI-O、分子中带正电荷原子的溶剂可积面积与其所带电荷之积的加和值Jurs-PPSA-3以及分子表面积S4个结构描述符．方程的拟合相关系数的平方R^0及交叉验证系数Q^2分别为0．956和0．913,所得QSAR具有可信的预报能力．由优化后的几何构型知,C（4）取代基、C（13）侧链和2-OBz三基团共同形成疏水腔,C（4）取代基的改变影响C（13）侧链的电子结构．C（13）连接的18号O原子的负电荷越大、3’位连接的NHBz基团的极性越小活性越高;C（4）取代基若为吸电子基对活性不利;适当增大分子体积、表面积和疏水性,保持一定的分支度对活性有利．     

具有Lindqvist结构的[Mo6O19]2-化合物及其二钨取代物的电子性质和稳定性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了具有Lindqvist结构的[Mo6O19]2-及其两个钨原子取代化合物的电子性质和稳定性, 计算得到的几何数据和实验值符合得很好. 从Mulliken电荷分布、键能大小以及轨道性质的分析可以得出结论, 当两个钨原子在邻位取代钼原子时所得到的取代产物([4,5-W2Mo4O19]2-)比当两个钨原子在对位取代钼原子时所得到的产物([4,6-W2Mo4O19]2-)更稳定, 而[4,5-W2Mo4O19]2-的反应活性比[4,6-W2Mo4O19]2-的大.     

金属有机化合物的分析(Ⅰ)——二茂铁衍生物的薄层色谱分析

以硅胶为吸附剂,以甲苯:石油醚:丙酮(15:1:1或15:1:3),苯:乙醇(15:1)及甲苯:石油醚:乙醇(15:1:1)为展开剂;分离了二茂铁烃、醚、醛、酮、醇、胺、苯磺酰胺、羧酸及丙烯腈类共42种衍生物,并发现下列规律性:1.化合物结构与比移值之间的关系:(1)随着同类化合物极性逐渐增强,比移值依次递减.(2)随着同一类取代基数目增加,比移值减小,故单取代物>双取代物。2.随着展开剂极性增强,比移值加大。对数种含侧链羟基的二茂铁衍生物所呈现的不符合上述规律的现象,据红外光谱及核磁共振谱作了解释。     

苯环上氯原子的不同取代位置对四苯基锌卟啉-酪氨酸光物理性质的影响

稳态紫外光谱、荧光光谱和时间分辨荧光光谱显示,苯环上氯原子的不同位置对氯苯基锌卟啉-酪氨酸的光物理性质有很大影响.紫外吸收光谱中,邻、间和对氯取代的3个化合物都具有典型的Soret带和Q带.其中Soret带位于423nm处,Q(0,0)和Q(0,1)带分别位于549和590nm处.邻位取代化合物的荧光量子产率为0.058,比间位(0.0241)、对位(0.0235)取代化合物的要高得多.邻位取代化合物的荧光寿命(3.11ns)比间位(1.12ns)和对位(1.11ns)取代化合物的长.邻位化合物的这些特性可能归因于取代基之间的空间效应;而在间位和对位化合物中,重原子效应和吸电子的诱导效应可能起主导作用.     

萤火虫氧化荧光素类似物电子光谱的理论研究

对萤火虫氧化荧光素(S)-2-(6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑基)-2-噻唑啉-4-酮(BTZ)中苯并噻唑环的N和S原子进行取代, 形成一系列萤火虫氧化荧光素类似物, 并采用TD B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法, 通过计算氧化物中性态与羟基去质子化后的负一价态在气相、水溶液和模拟生物环境下的吸收与发射光谱, 讨论环内不同取代原子对光谱的影响. 结果表明, X₁位以O原子取代S原子的化合物的最大吸收值发生蓝移, 以N原子取代S原子的化合物的最大吸收值发生红移. 去质子化可增加苯环上π轨道成份, 降低能隙, 从而有利于提高电子跃迁几率, 使荧光发射波长红移; 通过取代X₁和X₂位杂原子, 可调节发射光谱红移达44 nm, 蓝移达41 nm(在模拟蛋白中). 6种化合物荧光发光范围较宽, 振子强度较大, 可以作为潜在的化学发光材料用于生物成像研究.     

2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮抗菌活性的定量构效关系研究

用密度泛函理论和逐步回归分析方法对22种新合成的2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮化合物进行了结构与抗菌活性研究. 通过对平衡几何构型、前线轨道组成和Mulliken电荷分布的分析得出: S(1), N(2)原子是该类化合物的主要活性部位, 且5位氯取代的化合物抗菌活性较好. 通过回归分析, 筛选了影响抗菌活性的主要因素, 建立了定量构效关系方程. 结果表明, 硫原子的亲核前线电子密度、3D-Balaban指数、S(1)-N(2) Wiberg键级和Schultz分子价拓扑指数是影响异噻唑啉酮类化合物抗大肠杆菌活性的主要因素, 所得模型对化合物抗菌活性有较好的预报能力.     

4, 6-二芳基-2-氨基嘧啶类衍生物的合成与生物活性

合成并表征了5种4,6-二芳基-2-氨基嘧啶类化合物。 测试了它们对大肠肝菌甲硫酰胺肽酶(EcMetAP)的抑制作用及对CXCR4受体的拮抗作用。 发现5种化合物均对EcMetAP酶活有抑制作用,除化合物2外均对CXCR4受体有拮抗作用。 利用FieldTemplater和FieldAlign软件对化合物1～5的上述活性构效关系进行了分析,初步认为化合物的嘧啶环3位N原子及4位取代苯环上若引入给电子基团,可增强这类化合物的EcMetAP酶抑制活性;在嘧啶环2位引入负电性较强的基团取代,改造2个苯环和嘧啶环的4、5、6位Ｃ原子的结构可增强其CXCR4受体拮抗活性。     

新型黄烷酮类衍生物的合成、杀菌活性及定量构效关系研究

设计合成了14个含不同性质取代基的黄烷酮类化合物,并采用核磁共振氢波谱、质谱和元素分析对所有化合物的结构进行了表征.在系统测定化合物对水稻稻瘟病抑制活性的IC₅₀值的基础上,采用Hansch-Fujita方法和CoMFA方法对其定量结构活性关系进行了系统研究,结果发现,化合物的疏水性质、极化效应以及最高空轨道能级对杀菌活性有重要影响,化合物的疏水参数越小,分子越容易极化,则化合物的杀菌活性越高.此外,最高空轨道能级越低,化合物越容易接受电子,其杀菌活性也相应提高.通过考察∑π、clgP以及lgK与化合物杀菌活性的相关性,发现lgK能较好地反映该类化合物的疏水效应.三维定量构效关系研究表明,B环2,3,4位上含有较大体积的取代基,而6位含较小体积的取代基,有利于提高其杀菌活性.     

PHOTOOXIDATION AND ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROCESSES IN FREE-BASE TETRAPHENYLPORPHIN PROBED BY RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Abstract
We report here the resonance Raman studies of photooxidation of free base tetraphenylporphin (H₂TPP) in the presence of external electron acceptors such as CCl₄ and chloranil under selective laser irradiation. From the dependence of photooxidation on the concentration of electron acceptors, polarity of solvents, excitation lines and temperatures, we have inferred that a weak triplet exciplex formed between the excited H₂TPP and electron acceptor in non-polar solvents serves as transient species and the light-induced intermolecular charge transfer from H₂TPP to the electron acceptor is the primary process involved in photooxidation. Observation of partial photooxidation in the rigid matrix at low temperatures has been interpreted to be due to long-range quantum mechanical electron tunneling process. Almost complete photooxidation is observed in a soft matrix as the donor and acceptor molecules can attain favorable relative orientation and separation for electron transfer during the excited state lifetime of the exciplex.     

PHOTOOXIDATION AND ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROCESSES IN FREE-BASE TETRAPHENYLPORPHIN PROBED BY RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Abstract —We report here the resonance Raman studies of photooxidation of free base tetraphenylporphin (H₂TPP) in the presence of external electron acceptors such as CCl₄ and chloranil under selective laser irradiation. From the dependence of photooxidation on the concentration of electron acceptors, polarity of solvents, excitation lines and temperatures, we have inferred that a weak triplet exciplex formed between the excited H₂TPP and electron acceptor in non-polar solvents serves as transient species and the light-induced intermolecular charge transfer from H₂TPP to the electron acceptor is the primary process involved in photooxidation. Observation of partial photooxidation in the rigid matrix at low temperatures has been interpreted to be due to long-range quantum mechanical electron tunneling process. Almost complete photooxidation is observed in a soft matrix as the donor and acceptor molecules can attain favorable relative orientation and separation for electron transfer during the excited state lifetime of the exciplex.     

SYNTHESIS OF AMPHIPATHIC PORPHYRINS AND THEIR PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS AT THE LIPID BILAYER-WATER INTERFACE

A one flask synthesis of cis -substituted amphipathic porphyrins is reported. These porphyrins were used to study electrostatic effects on photoinduced electron transfer across the lipid bilayer-water interface. A neutral porphyrin undergoes only dynamic interfacial electron transfer reactions irrespective of charge of the acceptor, although ionic strength effects indicate a negative charge on the porphyrin donor species. A dianionic porphyrin forms an interfacial static complex with a dicationic electron acceptor, methyl viologen, at low ionic strength. The electron transfer rate within the complex is slow, 10⁵∼ 10⁶ s^-1, which is attributed to a near orthogonal orientation between the donor and the acceptor ∼ orbitals.     

DFT studies on tautomerism of C5-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles

DFT (B3LYP/6-311++G**, B3PW91/6-311++G**) Gibbs free energy and single point CCSD(T)/6-311++G**//DFT total energy calculations were performed to investigate stability and tautomerism of C5-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles. Three different tautomers are possible for the substituted 1,2,4-triazoles: N1–H, N2–H, and N4–H. Unlike for the 1,2,3-triazoles, where the most stable is the N2–H tautomer regardless of substituent applied, for the 1,2,4-triazoles, the electron donating substituents (–OH, –F, –CN, –NH₂, and –Cl) and the C5-cation stablize the N2–H tautomer, whereas the electron withdrawing substituents (–CONH₂, –COOH, –CHO, –BH₂, and –CFO) and the C5-anion stablize the N1–H tautomer. Except for the C5-anion and C5-cation, the N4–H form is the least stable tautomer. The relative stability of the C5-substituted 1,2,4-triazole tautomers is strongly influenced by attractive and/or repulsive intramolecular interactions between substituent and electron donor or electron acceptor centres of the triazole ring.     

Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction in trans-methyl p-(dimethylamino) cinnamate: A combined fluorescence measurement and quantum chemical calculations

The photophysical behaviour of trans-methyl p-(dimethylamino) cinnamate (t-MDMAC) donor–acceptor system has been investigated by steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The molecule t-MDMAC shows an emission from the locally excited state in non-polar solvents. In addition to weak local emission, a strong solvent dependent red shifted fluorescence in polar aprotic solvents is attributed to highly polar intramolecular charge transfer state. However, the formation of hydrogen-bonded clusters with polar protic solvents has been suggested from a linear correlation between the observed red shifted fluorescence band maxima with hydrogen bonding parameters (). Calculations by ab initio and density functional theory show that the lone pair electron at nitrogen center is out of plane of the benzene ring in the global minimum ground state structure. In the gas phase, a potential energy surface along the twist coordinate at the donor (–NMe₂) and acceptor (–CH = CHCOOMe) sites shows stabilization of S₁ state and destabilization S₂ and S₀ states. A similar potential energy calculation along the twist coordinate in acetonitrile solvent using non-equilibrium polarized continuum model also shows more stabilization of S₁ state relative to other states and supports solvent dependent red shifted emission properties. In all types of calculations it is found that the nitrogen lone pair is delocalized over the benzene ring in the global minimum ground state and is localized on the nitrogen centre at the 90° twisted configuration. The S₁ energy state stabilization along the twist coordinate at the donor site and localized nitrogen lone pair at the perpendicular configuration support well the observed dual fluorescence in terms of proposed twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) model.     

取代酚及其酚钾与四氰基乙烯的电荷转移络合作用

本文以八种取代酚及相应的取代酚钾作为电子给体,以四氰基乙烯(TCNE)作为电子受体,在乙腈溶液中用紫外可见分光光度法测定了取代酚及相应的取代酚钾与TCNE作用的电荷转移络合物的光谱,以其CT光谱用比较法计算了取代酚及相应的取代酚钾的电离势。结果表明,除4-氰基苯酚外,其余取代酚及取代酚钾均可与TCNE形成电荷转移络合物,取代酚钾比相应的取代酚有更好的给电子能力,取代酚的电子转移能与Hammet取代基常数有较好的线性相关关系。     

HMTTeF-TCNQF4的电导与化学结合

用化学方法合成出HMTTeF-TCNQF₄,组成比为1.07:1,测定氮1s电子的X射线光电子能谱(XPS),得电荷转移量ρ_XPS=0.74;测定拉曼光谱,得ρ_Ram=0.75,HMTTeF分子只有失去中心共轭π电子的离子化,而无碲原子失去孤电子的离子化,在固体中存在的价态形式为:([HMTTEF]⁺_0.79+[HMTTeF]⁰_0.28·([TCNQF₄]^-_0.79+[TCNQF₄]⁰_0.21),这与该物质电导率较高的事实相符。     

CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES OF PHEOPHYTIN a WITH NITROAROMATICS. ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM EXCITED SINGLET OF PHEOPHYTIN a TO NITROAROMATICS

Abstract— The interaction of pheophytin a (Pheo) with seven nitroaromatic acceptors of varying ring sizes and electron acceptor abilities has been studied both in the ground and excited states. The ground state association constants ( K ) of the 1: 1 complexes of donor (Pheo) and acceptors were found to increase with increasing electron affinities of the different acceptors. All the nitroaromatic compounds efficiently quench the singlet emission of Pheo and the quenching follows the Stern-Volmer (SV) relationship. The SV constants ( K _sv) for different quenchers follow the same order as that of the K values. The reduction potential of Pheo₊/Pheo_* obtained from the quenching data agrees well with the theoretically predicted value. A charge transfer interaction between the singlet excited state of Pheo and the nitroaromatics is suggested from the dependence of quenching rate constants on the electron affinities of the acceptors.     

Giant motion of La atom inside C82 cage

An anomalous charge density distribution of La atom encapsulated in a C₈₂ cage has been revealed for La@C₈₂ by the maximum entropy method (MEM)/Rietveld analysis using synchrotron powder diffraction data. The obtained La atom charge density shows a feature almost like a bowl or a hemisphere, suggesting that the La atom has a giant motion (large amplitude motion) inside the C₈₂ cage at room temperature. From the obtained MEM charge density, the main results are (1) the cage structure of La@C₈₂ (I) has C_2V symmetry; (2) La atom locates at an off-centered position adjacent to a six-membered ring of the carbon cage; (3) the nearest La–C distance is 2.55(8) and (4) the amount of charge transfer from the La atom to the carbon cage is about 3.2 e, which corresponds to the nominal electronic structure, La³⁺@C₈₂³⁻.     

锰催化苄基C—H键氟化反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory,DFT),对锰催化剂Mn^III(salene)F作用下苄基C—H键氟化反应的机理进行了深入的理论研究。对该反应中涉及到的重要中间体和过渡态的能量、Mulliken电荷分布、前线分子轨道等进行了分析。计算结果表明采用[Mn^IV(OH)(salene)F]和[Mn^IV(salene)F₂]为催化剂催化苄基C—H键氟化反应所需的能垒分别为11.5 kcal·mol^-1和7.6 kcal·mol^-1。可见采用双氟催化剂[Mn^IV(salene)F₂],氟化反应的能垒较低,更有利于苄基C—H键的氟化。通过轨道分析,给出了反应过程中详细的电子转移情况,从本质上分析了苄基氟化反应的机理。研究表明中心金属上的氧原子可以获得和失去电子,在C—H活化过程中起到传递电子的作用。在电子转移过程中,Mn原子是最终的电子接受体。以上结果很好地解释了实验现象,为进一步研究金属催化C—H键氟化反应提供理论支持。