分步絮凝沉淀—藻类法处理高浓度有机污水的初步研究

高浓度有机污水的净化，目前尚无完善有效的措施，应用：分步絮凝沉淀－藻类法的治理工艺，ＮＥＳ型絮凝剂和螺旋藻的特性，将它们结合起来，处理ＣＯＤ３００００ｍｇ／Ｌ（铬法），ＮＨ３－Ｎ１２０００ｍｇ／ｌ，Ｃｕ６０ｍｇ／ｌ左右的污水，其累计总去除率达９７．７％以上，这为高浓度有机污水的进一步处理提供了又一条新途径。     

直接燃烧法治理硫化物恶臭污水的研究

在酸性条件下，用水气将恶臭物质由污水中载出，送入石油气和空气火焰中燃烧。用ＮａＯＨ溶液吸收废气中的ＳＯ２和ＣＯ２。污水经上述处理后，加入适量ＮａＣｌＯ溶液，将其残存的恶臭物质完全氧化。     

三氯化磷法合成O-(1,2,2,2-四氯乙基)硫代磷酰二氯的工艺研究

研究了以三氯化磷、一氯化硫为原料合成Ｏ （１，２，２，２ 四氯乙基）硫代磷酰二氯的工艺，讨论了温度、催化剂、反应时间、原料摩尔比等对反应的影响，获得了较好的工艺条件为：原料摩尔配比ＰＣｌ３∶Ｓ２Ｃｌ２∶ＣＣｌ３ＣＨＯ∶催化剂Ｂ＝３１∶２∶１∶０７５；反应温度－８～－４℃；反应时间９ｈ；收率达６６５３％。     

直接法合成甲基（氢）二氯硅烷新工艺研究

本文通过催化作用原理研究，提出了以Ｓｉ、ＣＨ３Ｃｌ为原料?直接法合成ＣＨ３ＳｉＨＣｌ２的新工艺。采用ＣｕＣｌ－Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ催化体系不但能使ＣＨ３Ｃｌ适量分解产物ＨＣｌ与Ｓｉ、ＣＨ３Ｃｌ反应并有效地转化为目的产物ＣＨ３ＳｉＨＣｌ２，由小试和φ４００ｍｍ流化床中试所得的混合单体中，ＣＨ３ＳｉＨＣｌ２含量〉１５％，（ＣＨ３）２ＳｉＣｌ２〉５０％，为工业化生产有机硅含氢单体开辟了新的途径。     

接触氧化——表面曝气两段法处理染料中间体废水

对河南化工厂采用接触氧化和表面曝气两段串联工艺处理染料中间体化学污水装置进行了分析、总结。该工艺具有容积负荷高、耐冲击负荷能力强、便于管理等优点，ＣＯＤ去除率达８５％，ＢＯＤ去除率达９７％，酚钠和硝基去除率均在９５％以上，出水水质符合ＧＢ８９７８－８８综合污水排放标准。     

铝炭锆质浸入式吹气水口的研制与使用

针对水口堵塞问题，以电熔刚玉、鳞片石墨、部分稳定的氧化锆为主要原料，采用等静压二次成型工艺，研制成功了吹气水口。该水口由Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ质本体、Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃ－ＳｉＣ质内孔体、ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ质渣线环组成。现场使用表明，通过吹氩气洗工艺，该水口可防止堵塞，使用寿命提高一倍。     

难降解高浓度有机废水催化湿式氧化净化技术 Ⅱ 反应工艺条件的研究

通过对反应温度、压力、液体空速、空气／水比及原水ｐＨ值诸工艺条件的考察，确定催化湿式氧化处理含氨和高ＣＯＤ值的焦化污水的最佳工艺条件为２７０℃，９．０ＭＰａ，空气／水（体）＝２１０∶１，原水ｐＨ＝９．８，液体空速＝２．０ｈ－１。在该条件下所研制的催化剂对ＣＯＤＣｒ及ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别达到９９．６％，经处理的焦化污水水质优于国家环保排放标准的要求。     

技术市场

·技术市场·ＡＳＢＲ工艺污水处理技术项目简介本工艺为生物化学工艺，适用于各种有机性废水处理。原废水先经酸化预处理，再入ＳＢＲ生化反应池处理，即可达标排放或回用。排泥周期大于１５０天。原水ＣＯＤ１０００～２０００ｍｇ／ｌ，处理水ＣＯＤ小于或等于１００ｍ...     

活性炭—二氧化氯法处理含酚饮用水的研究

本文采用活性炭－二氧化氯法,结合实例对含酚饮用水作了除酚研究,实验结果和工艺计算表明,活性炭和ＣｌＯ２均具有很好的除酚能力。Ｃ－ＣｌＯ２法比活性炭和ＣｌＯ２单独除酚具有投资少,成本低和水质高等优点,是处理含酚饮用水的一种较为理想的方法。     

BPP生产中含酚废水的处理

研究了用活性炭吸附法处理ＢＰＰ生产中的含酚废水,讨论了不同的活性炭,ＰＨ值等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,该工艺处理效果好,处理后的放心水无色透明,ＣＯＤＣＲ、挥发酚、ＰＨ均达国家污水综合排放标准。     

Anti- and Prooxidant Properties of Carotenoids

Carotenoids can be effective singlet oxygen quenchers and inhibit free-radical induced lipid peroxidation. A remarkable property of β-carotene ( 1a ) is the change from an antioxidant to a prooxidant depending on oxygen pressure and concentration. In the present study a considerable number of carotenoids ( 1a , 2c , 2d , 2e , 3a , 4a , 5a , 6a , 7a , 8a , 8h , 8i , 8j , 9f , 10a , 11a , 12g ) was investigated using two independent approaches: 1. Comparison of their effects on inhibition of the free-radical oxidation of methyl linoleate, and 2. The direct study of the effect of oxygen partial pressure upon their rates of oxidation. It is shown that some carotenoids ( 7a , 8a ) are even more effective than the well-known compounds β-carotene ( 1a ) and astaxanthin ( 5a ) and are powerful antioxidants without any prooxidative property. Different carotenoids display different behaviour depending on chain length and end groups. The influence of these functional groups on the antioxidative reactivity is discussed.     

Die Reaktion von E-ß-Nitro-styrolen mit Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen – eine nicht-cisoide 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition

The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines – a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Normal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro- 5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [_π4_s + _π2_s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) ( 1 and 6 ) and 2 “forbidden”( 3 and 10 ) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro- 6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b . The sodium salts 8a, b , gained from 6a, b and 10a, b , are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D₂O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero- 6a, b = 7 a, b ). The ¹H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b , and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a , corresponding to 6a/10a , are discussed. For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ( 10a, b ) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a , and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.     

Measurement of short-term changes in heart rate and in plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamine in a small marsupial

Using a chronically placed jugular catheter and a silver electrode, it was possible to monitor short-term changes in the plasma concentration of cortisol and catecholamine in the marsupial sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) and to monitor both heart and respiration rates. Males judged to be low in the social hierarchy of a particular group were exposed to the whole-body odor of a dominant male from the same social group, a foreign dominant male, or a castrate male. While there was no evidence of a change in any of the physiological parameters when a male was exposed to either a castrate male or a female, a rapid increase occurred in heart rate and plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and catecholamine when the donor was a dominant male from the same or a different social group.     

1例新生儿血小板减少性紫癜的免疫抗体分析

目的分析1例新生儿血小板减少性紫癜(NAIT)血清中免疫抗体的特异性。方法采用固相凝集法检测患儿及其母亲血清中是否存在抗父亲/抗丈夫血小板抗体,用PAK12试剂盒鉴定血清中的抗体是抗-HLA还是抗-HPA,用ELISA法(PRA)鉴定HLA抗体的特异性,用SSOP法进行父亲、母亲和患儿HLA-Ⅰ类基因分型,用PCR-SSP法进行父亲、母亲和患儿HPA抗原1-5系统基因分型。结果该例NAIT患儿血清中存在来自母体的HLA-Ⅰ类抗体和HPA抗体;HLA-Ⅰ类抗体为抗-Bw6;父亲和患儿的HLA-B位点的宽特异性均为Bw4,Bw6,母亲为Bw4;患儿HPA抗原1-5系统基因型与父亲相同,有3a,母亲没有3a。结论在对NAIT患儿进行实验室诊断时,除注意HPA抗体的作用外,也应重视HLA-Ⅰ类抗体的作用。     

模外装饰自动换膜机构设计

基于模外装饰工艺原理,对模外装饰自动换膜机构进行了详细设计,其中包含抚平轮和夹紧轮部分、机构固定部分、机架部分和裁刀部分。抚平轮和夹紧轮部分由抚平轮、夹紧轮、轴承、轴承套和摇杆等组成;机构固定部分由电机、压块、压块杆、轴承盖和摇杆等组成,机架部分由滚动导轨副、底板、滚珠丝杆副、步进电机、滚筒支架等组成;裁刀部分由侧板、导向杆、滑块和驱动电机组成。该套模外装饰自动换膜机构能够满足设计要求和实际需要。     

Effect of the mechanical failure of catalyst pellets on the pressure drop of a reactor

The effect of the mechanical failure of catalyst pellets on the pressure drop across a laboratory-scale catalyst packing has been examined by experiment. Results reveal that, along with the mechanical failure of the pellets, there exists a point of maximum curvature around which the slope of pressure drop increases rapidly. This rapid increase is attributed to a mutation of the packing structure, occurring as the amount of failed pellets reaches a certain critical value. The secondary breakage of the pellets contributes much to the mutation of the packing and to the pressure drop. It has been observed that a trilobite catalyst is more susceptible to a mechanical stress than a cylindrical catalyst, and that a catalyst with a smaller diameter is much easier to result in an increase in the pressure drop. The measurement of the pressure drop across a laboratory-scale catalyst packing as the failure of pellets under a mechanical stress has a satisfactory reproducibility, and has a close meaning to the mechanical reliability of a fixed bed converter, and hence is recommended as a method for catalyst assessment. The multi-scale and multi-disciplinary nature of catalyst mechanical reliability is also discussed.     

Fireclay mortar with a casting binder as a plasticizing additive

A composition of a fireclay mortar with a casting binder as a plasticizing additive is described. Results of a study of the properties of a mortar of grade MSh39 with a composite plasticizing agent (soda ash+LST) and a casting binder are presented. It is established that use of a casting binder in the composition of a fireclay mortar increases the adhesion between the mortar and the refractory, decreases the thickness of the joint, and simplifies the production process of the mortar. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 2, pp. 35–36, February, 1998.     

国内外己内酰胺生产现状及市场分析

世界上最大的5家己内酰胺生产商是德国BASF公司,生产能力为55.5万T/a;荷兰DSM公司,生产能力为42.0万t/a;美国Allied-Signal公司,生产能力为32.7万t/a;日本宇部兴产公司,生产能力为26.8万t/a;日本东丽公司,生产能力为17.0万t/a。这5家公司的已内酰胺生产能力合计为174万t/a,约占世界总产量的50％。中国目前有4套己内酰胺生产装置,岳阳巴陵鹰山石化厂,2000年生产能力为7万t/a;南京东方公司,生产能力为6万t/a;石家庄化纤公司,生产能力为5万t/a;浙江巨化公司锦纶厂,生产能力为0.45万t/a,全国合计年生产能力为18.45万t/a。国外己内酰胺的主要消费领域为纤维、工程塑料和食品包装膜;国内已内酰胺的主要消费领域为帘子布、民用丝、工程塑料,所占比例分别为70％、28％、2％。国内己内酰胺需求一直大于国内产量,但由于技术力量薄弱、资金有限及下游产品结构不合理等原因制约了己内酰胺的应用,目前国内的已内酰胺主要应用在中低档产品中,高档产品所需己内酰胺仍要依靠进口。     

Garland formation process in electrospinning

The electrospinning technique has become a widely used method to produce nanofibers. Much experimental and theoretical work has been done to investigate the electrospinning process. A typical path of a single jet of polymer solution begins with a straight segment, and then a bending instability generates coils inside a cone shaped envelope. The jet elongates and becomes thinner, and dries into a nanofiber.Polystyrene solutions with different salt concentrations were electrospun to investigate the effect of changing the electrical conductivity on the fibers that were formed. Salt increased the conductivity of the solution and smooth fibers formed. Electrospinning a polystyrene solution with salt, at relatively high voltage, caused the jet to first form bending coils with small and slowly increasing diameters. These small diameter coils were subsequently incorporated into a larger diameter bending instability coil. That is, a coil with a slender envelope cone developed first and this slender coil formed a larger bending coil with a more rapidly increasing diameter. This unusual situation produced a complicated jet path, which is called a “garland”. The coils entangled and conglutinated in flight to form a fluffy network of fibers. The conditions for the formation of garlands also provide examples of jet splitting and branching during the electrospinning process.     

A perspective on surrogate endpoints in controlled clinical trials

The last couple of decades have seen a large amount of activity in the area of surrogate marker and surrogate endpoint validation, both from a clinical and a statistical perspective. Prentice made a pivotal contribution in the context of a single trial. Subsequently, the framework he proposed has been discussed, criticized, and extended. An important class of extensions considers several rather than a single trial. Recently, a lot of work has been done in this so-called hierarchical or meta-analytic framework. In this paper, we review both the single trial and the hierarchical framework. A number of applications, scattered throughout the literature, are brought together. We outline the statistical issues involved in trying to validate surrogate endpoints. Clearly statistical evidence should only be seen as a component in a decision making process that also involves a number of clinical and biological considerations.