“江边一碗水”总木脂素的抗肿瘤作用及一般毒性的研究

为评价"江边一碗水"总木脂素对H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤抑制作用和相关毒性,用SPF级雄性小鼠腋下接种肝癌H22瘤株建立了移植性肝癌H22小鼠模型,观察了不同剂量的"江边一碗水"总木脂素给药10 d后对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤抑制率、体重、免疫器官指数及血尿常规、肝肾功等的影响.结果表明:50,100,200 mg/kg"江边一碗水"总木脂素的抑瘤率分别为44.9%,54.8%和62.1%."江边一碗水"总木脂素对H22小鼠体重、免疫器官指数、造血系统、肝肾功能等生理生化指标无明显影响.故"江边一碗水"总木脂素具有较显著的抗肿瘤作用和较低的毒性,是其抗肿瘤的药效物质基础.     

IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth

Chronic inflammation has long been associated with increased incidence of malignancy and similarities in the regulatory mechanisms have been suggested for more than a century. Infiltration of innate immune cells, elevated activities of matrix metalloproteases and increased angiogenesis and vasculature density are a few examples of the similarities between chronic and tumour-associated inflammation. Conversely, the elimination of early malignant lesions by immune surveillance, which relies on the cytotoxic activity of tumour-infiltrating T cells or intra-epithelial lymphocytes, is thought to be rate-limiting for the risk to develop cancer. Here we show a molecular connection between the rise in tumour-associated inflammation and a lack of tumour immune surveillance. Expression of the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin (IL)-23, but not of its close relative IL-12, is increased in human tumours. Expression of these cytokines antagonistically regulates local inflammatory responses in the tumour microenvironment and infiltration of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Whereas IL-12 promotes infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, IL-23 promotes inflammatory responses such as upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, and increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration. Genetic deletion or antibody-mediated elimination of IL-23 leads to increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the transformed tissue, rendering a protective effect against chemically induced carcinogenesis. Finally, transplanted tumours are growth-restricted in hosts depleted for IL-23 or in IL-23-receptor-deficient mice. Although many strategies for immune therapy of cancer attempt to stimulate an immune response against solid tumours, infiltration of effector cells into the tumour tissue often appears to be a critical hurdle. We show that IL-23 is an important molecular link between tumour-promoting pro-inflammatory processes and the failure of the adaptive immune surveillance to infiltrate tumours.     

熊果酸对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用

目的 探讨熊果酸（UA）对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响.方法 皮下移植建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,腹腔注射不同剂量UA,检测抑瘤率和免疫器官指数,MTT法检测脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞亚群含量及比例,ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α的表达量.结果 UA对小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤H22有显著的抑制作用,可降低免疫器官中异常增大的脾指数,增强脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,提高淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋T细胞表达及CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞亚群比例,促进血清IL-2、TNF-α表达,降低IL-4表达.结论 UA可抑制小鼠肝癌H22肿瘤生长,体内可以提高荷瘤小鼠的免疫能力,其抗肿瘤作用可能与机体的免疫调节作用相关.     

Study on interleukin-18 gene transfer into human breast cancer cells to prevent tumorigenicity

To study the effect of interleukin-18 gene transfection on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cell line Bacp37, human breast cancer cell line Bcap37 were transfected with Lipofectamine and selected by G418. The biological expression of rhIL-18 was tested by RT-PCR and ELISA method; nude mice were injected with Bcap37 cell with or without the hIL-18 gene. The hIL-18 cDNA was successfully integrated into Bcap37 cell; 126.3+/-4.5 pg hIL-18 secreted by one million transduced cells in 24 hours. Nude mice injected with IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cell had no tumor growth. These findings indicated that human breast cancer cells were successfully modified by the gene of IL-18 cytokine; the IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cells secreted hIL-18 and lost their tumorigenicity. The Bcap37 cells transduced with IL-18 gene may be used as breast cancer vaccine.     

树突状细胞瘤内注射联合放疗对小鼠肾癌细胞因子的影响

目的研究树突状细胞(Dendritic cell,DC)瘤内注射联合放疗对小鼠肾癌治疗后脾细胞分泌细胞因子水平的变化。方法用Renca肾癌细胞(2.5×106/只)制作小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,接受肿瘤局部放射治疗,7Gy 6脉伏电子线/次,并在肿瘤部位直接注射未负载肿瘤抗原的DC,1×106/次,第28 d处死小鼠。检测肿瘤生长速度和瘤体重量。ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞IL-2I、FN-γI、L-4、IL-10和TNF-α分泌水平。结果与肿瘤组比较,DC联合放疗组小鼠的肿瘤生长速度明显缓慢,肿瘤体积明显减小,脾细胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ和IL-4的能力显著提高。结论瘤内树突状细胞注射联合放疗能够有效地抑制BALB/c小鼠肾癌的生长。     

H22 实体瘤小鼠生存实验及环磷酰胺对生存期的影响

摘要: 目的研究腹水型H22 肝癌皮下移植小鼠的生存期及环磷酰胺的影响。方法将H22 肝癌腹水瘤细胞接种 于BALB / c 小鼠左侧腋窝皮下,5d 后按肿瘤体积随机分成环磷酰胺组和对照组。环磷酰胺组腹腔注射环磷酰胺 50 mg / kg,每周2 次。观察小鼠一般临床表现、成瘤时间、成瘤率、体质量、摄食量、饮水量、肿瘤体积及生存时间。 结果H22 皮下移植小鼠成瘤时间约为5 d,成瘤率100% 。环磷酰胺组体质量、肿瘤体积与对照组比较明显降低 ( P ＜ 0. 05) ,环磷酰胺组摄食量、饮水量与对照组比较有增加的趋势。H22 皮下移植瘤小鼠平均生存时间为87 d, 环磷酰胺组小鼠平均生存时间为113 d( 生命延长率30. 3% ,P ＜ 0. 01) 。结论H22 腹水型肝癌皮下移植小鼠是一 种较理想的实体瘤模型,具有正常的免疫功能,可用于生物反应调节剂抗肿瘤药物影响荷瘤小鼠的生存期实验。     

人白介素-3乳腺表达载体的构建

人白介素-3是一种造血系统和免疫系统调节剂,在治疗造血系统疾病、肿瘤、先天或获得性免疫功能缺陷等方面发挥着重要作用.应用牛乳腺生物反应器生产人白介素-3的研究具有重要的临床应用和经济价值.研究选用具有红色荧光蛋白报告基因(R ed2)和新霉素抗性基因(neor)表达框架的pD sR ed2-1质粒为骨架构建人白介素-3乳腺表达载体.通过PCR方法分别扩增牛β-酪蛋白基因5′端上游调控序列、人IL-3基因以及CM V启动子序列,将它们按先后顺序分别定向克隆于质粒pD sR ed2-1的多克隆位点内,使牛β-酪蛋白基因调控序列位于人IL-3基因的上游,指导人IL-3基因在乳腺组织中特异性表达,而CM V启动子位于红荧光蛋白基因的上游,指导红荧光蛋白基因在所有的组织中非特异性表达.限制性酶切片段分析及部分DNA序列鉴定结果表明,所构建载体结构正确.     

GAGE-1 DNA肿瘤疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤治疗效果的试验研究

目的 观察G antigen 1 (GAGE-1)核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1免疫小鼠后,对表达GAGE-1抗原的B-16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞的保护作用.方法 将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,与0、2、4周分别接种pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1（实验组1）、pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1/白介素2（实验组2）、pcDNA3.1＋（对照组1）,pcDNA3.1＋/白介素2（对照组2）各三次.末次免疫后10d小鼠用于肿瘤细胞攻击试验：分别于左背部、右背部皮下种植B16肿瘤细胞、B16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞.种植肿瘤细胞（荷瘤）后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小和荷瘤后小鼠的生存时间及生存率. 结果： pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2质粒免疫的小鼠在种植B16/GAGE-1、B16/pcDNA3.1+后,发现小鼠成瘤时间明显延迟,成瘤减小,生存期明显延长.结论:pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2 DNA 疫苗在体内能诱导出显著的GAGE-1特异性肿瘤免疫应答,且能抑制体内已经存在的少量肿瘤细胞的成瘤     

Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis

Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.     

核桃楸树皮提取物抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用的研究

研究核桃楸树皮提取物(HT)的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用.建立荷瘤小鼠模型,检测HT抑瘤率及对免疫器官、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞增殖、血清IL-2、TNF-α水平以及机体免疫功能的影响;建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型,检测HT对外周血细胞的影响.实验表明HT具有明显的抑瘤作用,高剂量组抑瘤率达54.6%,可显著提高荷瘤小鼠胸腺及脾脏系数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞增殖I、L-2及TNF-α的表达以及延长游泳及耐缺氧时间,并能升高免疫抑制小鼠的白细胞(p<0.050~0.001).HT可有效抑制肿瘤增殖并调节机体的免疫功能.     

超声造影观察小鼠两种皮下移植瘤的血管生成

目的 应用高频小动物超声观察人 BT-B 膀胱癌和人 Huh7 肝癌两种皮下移植瘤的血管生成情况,探讨超声 造影评价肿瘤血管生成情况的价值。 方法 采用皮下注射建立人 BT-B 膀胱癌和人 Huh7 肝癌两种皮下移植瘤模 型,采用高频小动物超声成像系统的多种超声模式观察两种肿瘤内部结构和血管特性;采用探头式活体激光共聚 焦观察肿瘤的小血管数量和大小;采用免疫组化法观察肿瘤的血管标志物 CD31 表达,计算微血管密度。 结果 两 组裸鼠均成功荷瘤。 B 超模式显示 Huh7 与 BT-B 皮下瘤均为不均质低回声结节;彩色多普勒模式及频谱多普勒模 式显示 BT-B 皮下瘤血流信号和血流速度多于 Huh7 皮下瘤;超声造影显示 Huh7 肝癌组血管分布紊乱,BT-B 膀胱 癌组血管分布呈“分支状” ,与探头式活体激光共聚焦结果及病理结果一致。 超声造影参数峰值强度( PI) 与 MVD 呈正相关( r = 0. 844,P<0. 05) 。 结论 超声造影可以更好地显示肿瘤血管的分布情况,且 PI 与病理 MVD 呈正相 关,可提示肿瘤血管的增殖情况,可以作为无创评价肿瘤血管生成的可靠方法。     

抗甲胎蛋白单克隆抗体的研制及其在免疫组化中的应用

以高纯AFP为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞和小鼠SP2/0 Ag14骨髓瘤细胞融 合,经2次亚克隆,建立5株稳定分泌抗AFP特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。应用经纯化 的该单克隆抗体进行了原发性肝癌组织切片的免疫组织化学实验,结果显示全部5种抗AFP单 克隆抗体对肝癌亚细胞组分均呈现特异性结合。表明已筛选出适于制作甲胎蛋白临床诊断试 剂盒所需的特异性单克隆抗体。     

Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric molecule composed of p35 and p40 subunits. Analyses in vitro have defined IL-12 as an important factor for the differentiation of naive T cells into T-helper type 1 CD4+ lymphocytes secreting interferon-gamma (refs 1, 2). Similarly, numerous studies have concluded that IL-12 is essential for T-cell-dependent immune and inflammatory responses in vivo, primarily through the use of IL-12 p40 gene-targeted mice and neutralizing antibodies against p40. The cytokine IL-23, which comprises the p40 subunit of IL-12 but a different p19 subunit, is produced predominantly by macrophages and dendritic cells, and shows activity on memory T cells. Evidence from studies of IL-23 receptor expression and IL-23 overexpression in transgenic mice suggest, however, that IL-23 may also affect macrophage function directly. Here we show, by using gene-targeted mice lacking only IL-23 and cytokine replacement studies, that the perceived central role for IL-12 in autoimmune inflammation, specifically in the brain, has been misinterpreted and that IL-23, and not IL-12, is the critical factor in this response. In addition, we show that IL-23, unlike IL-12, acts more broadly as an end-stage effector cytokine through direct actions on macrophages.     

Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR

On antigen challenge, T-helper cells differentiate into two functionally distinct subsets, Th1 and Th2, characterized by the different effector cytokines that they secrete. Th1 cells produce interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lymphotoxin-beta, which mediate pro-inflammatory functions critical for the development of cell-mediated immune responses, whereas Th2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 that enhance humoral immunity. This process of T-helper cell differentiation is tightly regulated by cytokines. Here we report a new member of the type I cytokine receptor family, designated T-cell cytokine receptor (TCCR). When challenged in vivo with protein antigen, TCCR-deficient mice had impaired Th1 response as measured by IFN-gamma production. TCCR-deficient mice also had increased susceptibility to infection with an intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin-gamma2a, which are dependent on Th1 cells, were markedly reduced in these mice. Our results demonstrate the existence of a new cytokine receptor involved in regulating the adaptive immune response and critical to the generation of a Th1 response.     

Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. RESULTS: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-Gamma in supernatant of splenocytes cul-tured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant.     

Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human erythropoietin

The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin regulates the level of oxygen in the blood by modulating the number of circulating erythrocytes, and is produced in the kidney or liver of adult and the liver of fetal or neonatal mammals. Neither the precise cell types that produce erythropoietin nor the mechanisms by which the same or different cells measure the circulating oxygen concentration and consequently regulate erythropoietin production are known. Cells responsive to erythropoietin have been identified in the adult bone marrow, fetal liver or adult spleen. In cultures of erythropoietic progenitors, erythropoietin stimulates proliferation and differentiation to more mature red blood cells. Detailed molecular studies have been hampered, however, by the impurity and heterogeneity of target cell populations and the difficulty of obtaining significant quantities of the purified hormone. Highly purified erythropoietin may be useful in the treatment of various forms of anaemia, particularly in chronic renal failure. Here we describe the cloning of the human erythropoietin gene and the expression of an erythropoietin cDNA clone in a transient mammalian expression system to yield a secreted product with biological activity.     

Transfer of a functional human immune system to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency

The pressing need for a better experimental system for AIDS research has brought into sharp focus the shortcomings of available animal models and the practical and ethical limitations of studies of immune responses and viral pathogenesis in humans. Current studies of the human immune responses are limited to relatively restrictive in vivo experiments and several in vitro systems that, although useful, allow only short-term studies and support responses to a few antigens. Neither model is particularly amenable to studies of the pathogenesis of diseases of the immune system. We report here that injection of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) can result in the stable long-term reconstitution of a functional human immune system in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Human PBL transplanted to SCID mice increase in number and survive for at least six months; reconstituted mice show spontaneous secretion of human immunoglobulin and a specific human antibody response is induced following immunization with tetanus toxoid. All of the major cell populations present in PBL are found in the lymphoid tissue and blood of SCID recipients, although the relative proportions of B cells, T-cell subsets and monocytes/macrophages in long-term recipients differ from those found in normal PBL and, in mice transplanted with 50 x 10(6) or more PBL from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive donors, EBV-positive B-cell lymphomas often develop. Our results suggest that xenogeneic transplantation of human lymphoid cells into SCID mice may provide a useful model for the study of normal human immune function, the response of the immune system to pathogenic agents and early events in lymphomagensis.     

基于基因表达谱预测肿瘤浸润免疫细胞类型及比例的解卷积算法

肿瘤浸润免疫细胞通过发挥促肿瘤和抗肿瘤的作用,可以深刻地影响肿瘤的进展以及抗癌治疗的成功.因此,对于肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的量化有望揭示免疫系统在人类癌症中的多方面作用及其参与肿瘤逃逸机制和对治疗的反应.解卷积的目的就是试图在复杂组织里存在的免疫细胞中寻找新的免疫疗法,其核心思想是利用算法和免疫细胞的表达特征,从细胞混合物的表达数据中量化免疫细胞比例信息,以准确刻画肿瘤样本测序数据的免疫浸润情况.为此,提出了一个新的基于逐步回归策略的解卷积算法模型,并使用真实的肿瘤样本微阵列数据和RNA-Seq测序数据来测试该算法的准确性.与CIBERSORT和dtangle相比较,具有良好的解卷积性能.