群决策中三端点语言和互补偏好信息的转化及集结研究

研究了群决策中三端点语言判断矩阵和三端点互补判断矩阵的集结方法。基于两类判断标度的内涵,研究了两种三端点偏好形式相互转化的数学方式;从次序一致性和完全一致性角度,分析了偏好形式转化过程中的信息变化情况;提出了基于灰色关联度的群体一致度测算方法,研究了决策者权重确定方法,进而提出了两类三端点偏好的集结方法,文后通过算例说明了方法的应用步骤。     

基于模糊判断矩阵的群决策方法研究

对多个决策者给出的偏好信息的有效集结是群决策过程的重要问题之一.不同类型的偏好信息有不同的集结方法.基于模糊判断矩阵一致性的定义,提出一种加权集结方法的最优化模型,从而得到群决策中一类模糊判断矩阵的集结方法,并进一步分析和研究群组判断矩阵与各决策者给出的判断矩阵之间关系的一些重要性质.     

多属性群决策的混合结构偏好识别与融合方法

为有效应对现有群决策偏好一致性检验方法的系列弊端,针对目前群决策情景所展现的决策导向多元、方案属性构成迥异和偏好结构复杂等特征,在解析群决策偏好一致性判定复杂性、刻画群决策偏好信息表征假设情景的基础上,对常规多属性群决策问题进行公理化描述。依据从方案层面到属性层面的整体决策信息判定策略,给出决策导向层面的整体判断偏好一致性检验方法、决策群体偏好类型识别方法、同种偏好内部及偏好间累积判断偏差求解方法、偏好整体相对一致性检验方法和多轮次非一致性决策信息调整策略。案例应用结果表明,上述所构建的方法和策略有效、可行,能够为决策导向多元、备选方案差异显著情景下的混合结构偏好一致性检验、调整与集结提供借鉴。     

基于流形学习的非一致性判断矩阵排序方法

针对传统层次分析法(AHP)在构造判断矩阵过程中需要满足一致性条件问题,本文研究AHP方法需要进行一致性调整的原因,提出了一种基于流形学习的非一致性判断矩阵排序方法。在非一致性判断矩阵排序过程中,首先基于近邻距离的概念,构建出判断矩阵所对应数据集的近邻距离矩阵;然后以近邻点的线性表示为基础,将每个数据点映射到一个全局低维坐标系,并据此获得判断矩阵所对应的低维嵌入;根据各层求解出的低维嵌入对各层要素进行优劣排序,进而得到最终排序结论。最后,通过数值案例验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于变精度粗集的判断矩阵构造方法

判断矩阵的一致性条件,是用AHP法进行排序的必要条件。由于专家的主观性,判断矩阵一般不能满足一致性条件。本文利用变精度粗集的依赖度因子,给出了一种判断矩阵的构造方法。这种方法充分利用排序方案因素的原始信息,又综合了多专家的判断。     

基于两类残缺偏好信息的交互式群决策方法研究

提出不同残缺偏好信息的交互式群决策方法。利用矩阵元素之间的可达性关系,给出区间数判断矩阵残缺元素的确定方法。定义了不同偏好信息的群体满意度,基于群体判断与决策个体判断之问的偏离程度,与决策者进行交互,使得决策者的意见尽可能协调一致。根据修正意见求解得到方案排序,并通过算例说明方法的有效性。     

基于OWG算子的不同形式偏好信息 的群决策方法

具有不同形式偏好信息的群决策是决策分析及群决策支持系统研究的一个新课题,它对 于进一步提高群决策支持系统的实用性和灵活性方面具有重要意义. 针对这类群决策分析,提 出了一种具有效用值、序关系值、模糊互补判断矩阵、互反判断矩阵等4 种形式偏好信息的群 决策方法. 在该方法中,首先给出了将不同形式的偏好信息均转化为互反判断矩阵形式的计算 公式;然后基于OWG算子将各决策者的偏好信息集结为群的偏好并进行方案的优选;最后给 出了一个算例.     

群组决策中三角模糊数互补判断矩阵的相容性及方案排序研究

针对专家偏好信息为三角模糊数互补判断矩阵的群组决策问题,研究偏好信息的相容性及方案排序问题。基于Hamming 距离的概念,首先给出了衡量两个三角模糊数相容性的一个指标,并研究了该指标的相关性质;其次,根据三角模糊数互补判断矩阵的特点,给出了三角模糊数互补判断矩阵的相容性指标;以相容性指标为依据设定专家权重,进而给出了一种方案排序方法。最后,算例验证了方法的有效性。     

模糊C-OWG算子及其在三角模糊数互反判断矩阵排序中的应用

本文研究了决策信息以三角模糊数互反判断矩阵形式给出的有限方案决策问题。首先定义了模糊C-OWG(FC-OWG)算子和期望模糊C-OWG(EFC-OWG)算子,并研究了它们的一些性质。基于FC-OWG算子和EFC-OWG算子,提出了方案偏好信息为三角模糊数互反判断矩阵的方案排序方法,根据决策者的偏好程度进行调节,并利用决策者的偏好程度对排序结果进行敏感性分析。实例表明,新方法计算简单、可行且有效。     

三端点区间数互反判断矩阵的排序方法研究

本文研究了三端点区间数互反判断矩阵的一致性和排序方法。在三端点区间数互反判断矩阵完全一致性概念的基础上,首次将矩阵特征向量思想引入三端点区间数互反判断矩阵之中——研究了三端点区间数互反判断矩阵的一致性与权重向量之间的类似特征向量关系,并运用线性规划模型给出一种处理三端点区间数决策者对方案属性权重的方法,然后通过三端点区间数权重向量的期望值,进行方案集结排序。最后通过具体的案例,验证了所提出方法的有效性和适用性。     

群体决策研讨意见分布可视化研究——电子公共大脑视听室(ECBAR)的设计与实现

分析了在决策群体综合集成研讨过程中,界定研讨信息属性、定义信息结构及其关系、探索新的群体研讨信息可视化技术的必要性.设计了一种适应群体动态交流过程的信息组织和可视化显示模式,将群体研讨中的发言按其语义关系分为支持、反对、质疑、补充和相关五种;把研讨信息按照研讨过程组织成以认知图为基础的“研讨网络“,设计并实现了基于WEB和JAVA技术的群体研讨信息可视化支持平台(电子公共大脑视听室,ECBAR),并通过实验分析了应用效果.     

群体决策研讨意见分布可视化研究——电子公共大脑视听室(ECBAR)的设计与实现

分析了在决策群体综合集成研讨过程中,界定研讨信息属性、定义信息结构及其关系、探索新的群体研讨信息可视化技术的必要性.设计了一种适应群体动态交流过程的信息组织和可视化显示模式,将群体研讨中的发言按其语义关系分为支持、反对、质疑、补充和相关五种;把研讨信息按照研讨过程组织成以认知图为基础的"研讨网络",设计并实现了基于WEB和JAVA技术的群体研讨信息可视化支持平台(电子公共大脑视听室,ECBAR),并通过实验分析了应用效果.     

群体研讨支持系统中的智能可视化研究

时间和共识是群体研讨的两个重要因素.提出一种共识评价、分析及预测智能可视化技术.在界定研讨信息属性、定义信息结构及其关系的基础上,按照语义关系,提出共识点、分歧点和争议点的概念,结合共识水平及共识状态、关注水平及关注状态、共识水平变化趋势、关注水平变化趋势四个指标,建立智能可视化模型,并用Java和XML技术设计并实现了基于Web的共识评价、预测及分析智能可视化.以一个实例给出了以人-机结合的系统思想为指导的共识评价和预测方法以及通过共识分析,形成群体注意力聚焦的示范应用.最后用实验的方法分析了智能可视化的应用效果.     

The Impact of a Structured-Argument Approach on Group Problem Formulation*

Despite advances in decision analysis and decision support systems, few formulaic procedures exist for undertaking problem formulation, particularly in group settings. This leaves managers with little procedural support for the important task of carefully structuring problems. In a laboratory experiment of 29 intact student teams, we contrasted two problem formulation methodologies: a structured argument approach (based on application of formal reasoning) and a group process approach (based on private idea generation prior to public sharing and evaluation of ideas). The structured argument approach took more time to use and failed to bring about more information search and equivocality reduction in group discussions. On the positive side, however, the structured argument approach led to a greater combination of both coverage of critical issues and consensus on those issues. Use of the structured argument approach also resulted in higher satisfaction with the problem definition and commitment to implementing results of the group meeting. Overall, the results reveal cost/benefit tradeoffs associated with developing argumentation-based procedures for problem formulation.     

面向评价局部环境的群评价长效机制分析

在群组评价问题中,称评价参与者(即节点集)及参与者之间的评价关系构成群组评价局部环境,即评价群体的网络结构。将评价局部环境看作是一个有限状态、不可约且非周期性马尔可夫过程,使得群组评价问题水平维度的评价局部环境基于时间维度进行拓展,证明参与者对评价关系的调整可以改善群体网络结构的稳定性;具有评价关系的参与者状态正相关;参与者不满意效用状态持续时间的增加降低了其达到满意效用状态的概率。在此基础上,讨论以被评价对象为主要研究对象设置群组评价方法,根据三种常见的评价局部环境状态,考察评价群体的群体性行为或认知趋势性特征,在此基础上讨论评价目标的可执行性。允许有关被评价对象的新信息注入群组评价系统,在长期分析评价群体的群体性评价行为的趋势特征,据此构建面向评价局部环境的群组评价方法,分析评价目标的可执行性,以期使群组评价行为具有稳定性和可预见性。     

New Uses of Outcomes Measures Under Austerity: the Case of Danish Municipalities

This article argues that the use of performance information may change according to economic circumstances. In a fiscal crisis, policy-makers likely demand less documentation of service quality, but under longer-term term austerity they can use performance information, including outcomes measures, to target and reallocate scarce resources across organizational boundaries. The argument is tested in an analysis of six Danish municipalities after the financial crisis. In these cases, performance information was used in new ways. For instance, outcomes measures were linked to overall strategies and used in the budgeting process to promote the reallocation of resources towards more effective services.     

Trust in Islamic Business-to-Business Relationships: Evidence from Indonesia

We examine the role of trust within Islamic culture in business-to-business relationships by exploring the link between credit officers’ trust in business customers and their financing decisions. In line with our framework, which is based on the fact that Islamic culture is characterized by a collectivistic approach and clan-based social structure, we find that value-based trust is more important than competence-based trust in explaining business relationships. The results support the argument that Islamic culture business relationships are grounded more on the principles, values and norms that a partner brings to the relationship than on business skills. Our results are robust to endogeneity and multilevel issues.     

Private Information and Insurance Rejections

Across a wide set of nongroup insurance markets, applicants are rejected based on observable, often high‐risk, characteristics. This paper argues that private information, held by the potential applicant pool, explains rejections. I formulate this argument by developing and testing a model in which agents may have private information about their risk. I first derive a new no‐trade result that theoretically explains how private information could cause rejections. I then develop a new empirical methodology to test whether this no‐trade condition can explain rejections. The methodology uses subjective probability elicitations as noisy measures of agents' beliefs. I apply this approach to three nongroup markets: long‐term care, disability, and life insurance. Consistent with the predictions of the theory, in all three settings I find significant amounts of private information held by those who would be rejected; I find generally more private information for those who would be rejected relative to those who can purchase insurance, and I show it is enough private information to explain a complete absence of trade for those who would be rejected. The results suggest that private information prevents the existence of large segments of these three major insurance markets.     

Visualizing and managing value creation through integrated reporting practices: a dynamic resource-based perspective

The article builds on the current debate on how accounting tools can assist top management teams to manage their resources, while communicating a variety of data and information about value creation to their stakeholders. Within this debate, the study focuses on a recent tool for corporate reporting, the Integrated Reporting (〈IR〉), and investigates its utility to support the development of a holistic model for managing strategic resources to create value. To operationalize the 〈IR〉 according to this perspective, the article combines 〈IR〉 with the Dynamic Resource-Based View (DRBV) of the firm on the basis of their common idea that strategic resources are interconnected and have to be managed with the collaboration of all stakeholders in order to inform governance actions and create value with a holistic perspective. For the two case studies analyzed, the information provided by the two organizations’ 〈IR〉 is specifically organized and re-framed using “resource mapping”, which is a DRBV-based visual and analytical technique representing the causal relationships between resources and governance actions. In this way, we not only aim to re-organize and visualize existing information into a new form, but we also expect to describe and communicate the dominant logic in the business and the leverage points where the value creation process lies, supporting the usefulness of Integrated Reporting as a management and governance tool.