浅谈口腔医学硕士专业学位临床技能培养质量的影响因素与对策

口腔医学专业学位硕士研究生以培养高水平口腔临床医师,提高临床医疗队伍素质和口腔临床医疗工作水平为目标,其教育的核心是口腔临床技能的培养,但受研究生自身素质、培养体制等因素影响,制约了研究生的培养水平。为进一步提高口腔医学专业学位硕士研究生的培养质量,可完善培养制度,落实管理细节,强化执行力度;加强导师的临床指导力度;注重研究生口腔临床综合素质培养;严格研究生轮转出科考试管理等入手,为社会输送高层次口腔临床应用型人才。     

基于临床核心能力专业型护理研究生培养方案的初步探索

目的探讨导师团队采用重点专科轮转,实践操作与理论教育相结合的新型带教模式在培养专业型护理研究生护理核心能力中的运用效果。方法将随机抽取的2011、2012级护理临床型研究生15名为对照组,2013、2014级护理临床型研究生16名为实验组。对照组采用传统带教模式,实验组由护理研究生导师带领的临床导师团队带教。结果实验组实习研究生出科成绩优于对照组,且实验组实习护理研究生对临床导师满意度、临床导师对实习研究生的满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论由研究生导师带领的临床导师团队带教,重点专科轮转有利于专业型护理研究生护理核心能力的培养。     

中医临床医学专业研究生培养质控体系的构建

在中医临床医学专业研究生教育的整个过程中,临床水平是衡量研究生培养质量、学术水平和创新能力的重要标志。构建客观可行的中医临床医学专业学位培养质控体系,可以为研究生教育提供制度保障,通过设置合理的临床型人才培养的知识结构并加强临床技能与知识综合应用能力训练,考核临床专业研究生的基础知识掌握能力,养成其临床知识运用和思辨能力,培养并提升其临床操作能力与科研能力,进而提高中医临床医学专业研究生临床水平。     

医学专业学位研究生教育的思考

从世界研究生教育发展趋势和我国研究生教育发展的现实出发,专业学位研究生教育是今后一个时期国家大力扶持和积极引导的发展重点。相对于医学专业学位研究生而言,其培养教育的好坏,直接关系到我国未来临床医疗人才队伍素质和层次的高低,必须重视对医学专业学位研究生的临床技能、医德、临床思维、科研能力等方面的教育。     

浅谈临床药学专业硕士研究生的培养

目的:探讨我国临床药学专业硕士研究生的培养方法。方法:回顾我国临床药学的发展,参考国外临床药学研究生培养模式,结合临床需求,阐述我国临床药学专业硕士研究生的培养方法与途径。结果与结论:只有明确培养目标、优化生源、细化专业、合理安排培养内容与时间,才能达到临床药学专业硕士研究生科研能力与临床实践能力兼顾培养的目标。     

临床医学研究生教学模式在皮肤病学专业的探讨

目的探讨临床医学硕士研究生教学模式在皮肤病学专业的应用。方法分析近年研究生教学的改革特点、发展趋势，结合研究生培养计划，提出新的教学理念。结果临床专业研究生培养应加强临床知识、技能的培训，实验室科研应密切与临床相结合。临床病例报告的撰写更有助于理论与实践的结合。多媒体系统的广泛应用，有助于学生对皮肤病形态学知识的掌握。双语教学的训练，更为研究生的发展打下了良好的基础。结论在新形势之下，临床专业硕士研究生的教学应做到以临床知识、技能训练为重点，结合初级科研课题，培养全面的高级临床医学人才。     

心血管内科学硕士研究生临床规范化培训教学模式探讨

随着近年临床研究生招生数量的增加,临床规范化培训已经成为临床教学的重要模式。心血管内科有别于其他临床学科,具有发病急、病情变化快等临床特点,对近四年本科室招收的42名研究生,与以往毕业的38名硕士研究生比较,结合心血管内科专业特点,探讨心血管内科学研究生临床规范化培训教学模式。     

医学专业型研究生临床与科研并重培养模式探讨

专业型研究生在医学院校的招生比例逐年扩大,逐渐构成了教学医院研究生的主体。专业型研究生的培养已经有了相对成熟的模式,然而由于医务人员、临床导师和研究生管理部门在临床与科研的相互关系上还存在一些误区或偏见,仍然有不少人认为临床与科研是鱼与熊掌的关系,二者不可兼而得之,使得目前我国专业型研究生培养质量仍然有大幅度提高的空间。从世界医学发展史和目前国际顶尖医疗机构的常规运行模式看,临床与科研是相辅相成的有机体,要想在世界医学界占有一席之地,就必须在我国大型教学医院中施行临床与科研并重的模式,而专业型研究生培养正是这种模式的体现,做好专业型研究生的培养工作,就能很好地在大型教学医院中贯彻临床与科研并重的机制。     

医教协同下临床医学专业学位硕士研究生考核指标体系构建

随着国家临床医学教育改革工作的深入开展,建立健全标准化、规范化的临床医学专业学位硕士研究生考核指标体系越来越受到各级研究生培养单位的高度重视。本文拟在借鉴现有临床专业硕士学位研究生培养具体做法的基础上,构建一套科学完善的临床专业硕士学位考核评价指标体系,为医院及医学院校临床专业硕士学位研究生培养实践以及临床考核工作的良好发展提供有价值的参考依据。     

“新医科”背景下临床中药学课程案例库的构建与思考

为进一步优化临床中药学专业硕士研究生人才培养方案,提高人才培养质量,建立临床中药学专业学位研究生教学案例库。广泛收集文献、临床等遇到用药的典型问题并进行分析、提出解决措施,根据临床中药学专业学位研究生培养要求,以模块的形式进行归类并举例。案例库的构建,对提升临床中药学专业硕士研究生的培养质量将起到推动作用,为社会输送大量医药兼修的高素质应用型人才。     

Syrian Pharmacy Students�� Intentions and Attitudes Toward Postgraduate Education

Objective. To investigate Syrian pharmacy students’ intentions and attitudes toward postgraduate study, and to determine and evaluate the factors that influence their preferences.Methods. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from final-year bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) students at Damascus University.Results. Of the 265 students who responded to the survey, approximately 50% intended to work, 25% intended to pursue further study, and 25% were undecided. Personal fulfillment was the factor that most influenced students’ intentions concerning future education. Men were more concerned over their financial future, while women’s intentions were more influenced by scientific issues. The 3 most preferred pharmaceutical areas of further study were biochemistry and laboratory diagnosis, pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical industry, and clinical pharmacy. More students favored pursuing graduate school abroad rather than in Syria. The majority of those who intended to enroll in local graduate programs were interested in academic programs while less than a fifth favored residency programs.Conclusions. The graduate programs in Syria do not appear to satisfy pharmacy students'' ambitions or have the capacity to accommodate the growing demand associated with the rapid increase in the number of pharmacy graduates in the country. Consequently, a majority of students prefer to pursue postgraduate study abroad.     

在我国设置临床药学专业学位的初探

本文从我国研究生学位发展、医学及药学研究生学位情况等方面阐述了在我国设置临床药学专业学位的背景,分析了在我国设置临床药学专业学位的必要性和现有资源,并提出了设置临床药学专业学位的一些构想。     

Projected growth in pharmacy education and research, 2010 to 2015

Objectives. To determine projected growth in pharmacy education and research from 2010 to 2015 and to relate findings to external and internal factors.Methods. An e-mail survey instrument was sent to all US pharmacy deans, and responses were used to estimate growth in the number of first-professional-degree doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) graduates, residents/fellows, graduate students, faculty members, graduate research faculty members, and postdoctoral fellows. Results were related to the national economy, trends in faculty vacancies, growth trends in other health professions, pharmacist roles, and healthcare reform.Results. Five-year growth projections were: 58% increase in the number of residents/fellows, 23% in postdoctoral fellows, 21% in entry-level PharmD graduates, 19% in graduate/research faculty members, 17% in graduate students, and 13% in total pharmacy faculty members. Residencies/fellowships showed the highest projected growth rates (58%). Graduate education and research data suggest a growing research enterprise. Faculty vacancy trends were downward and this suggests better faculty availability in coming years.Conclusions. Substantial growth is expected from 2010 to 2015 in all areas of pharmacy education. External factors and how well the profession is able to demonstrate its contribution to resolving healthcare problems may influence the actual growth rates achieved.     

基于胜任力的社会与管理药学研究生课程设置研究

目的 构建社会与管理药学学科研究生课程设置方案.方法 运用系统分析法、专家访谈法和文献调研法,研究社会与管理药学研究生胜任力和研究生教育课程设置.结果 社会与管理药学专业研究生应当具备职业发展能力、个人特质、专业能力、管理能力等4个胜任特征19项胜任力;研究生课程设置可包括6门前期课程、8门核心课程和7个门类的拓展课程.结论 社会与管理药学研究生胜任特征和课程设置方案可为各药学院校研究生课程规划提供参考.     

A graduate student mentoring program to develop interest in research

Objective. To assess the impact of a graduate student mentoring program on student interest in research and postgraduate education and on graduate student confidence in mentoring.Methods. Undergraduate and pharmacy students (mentees) and graduate students (mentors) were matched and participated in the study, which required them to engage in at least 2 discussions regarding research and careers. Mentees completed a pre- and post-assessment of their perceptions of research, postgraduate training plans, and perceptions about mentors. Mentors completed a pre- and post-assessment of their perceptions about themselves as mentors and their confidence in mentoring.Results. Although there were no significant differences among the mentees' perceptions of research or the mentors' confidence in mentoring, qualitative analysis indicated that the mentees' perceptions of research improved and that the mentors believed their mentoring skills improved.Conclusions. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, implementing a graduate student mentoring program may help improve students' perceptions of research and graduate students' confidence in mentoring, which could increase student interest in postgraduate education and prepare mentors for future leadership roles.     

Outcome analysis on the rotation practice course for the professional degree graduates of clinical pharmacy at Peking University

It’s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation practice, named officially as “Advanced clinical pharmacy practice” at our school, is specific to our master of pharmacy (M. Pharm) graduate students for clinical pharmacy practice training in multiple clinical departments in hospitals. It is meaningful for the education reform of clinical pharmacy to evaluate the outcome of clinical pharmacy rotation practice. Questionnaire was developed based on the Teaching Guide To Advanced ClinicalPharmacy Practice and its related record forms. The practice outcomes of clinical rotation practice in the first two years for M. Pharm graduate students were assessed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy practice was at the “excellent” level. The evaluation scores of Grade 2011 and Grade 2012 were 90.60 (excellent) and 91.83 (excellent) respectively, while the overall score was 91.29 (excellent). Students showed excellent skills and have met the requirements of the teaching guide after practice. There are somethings to improve in clinical rotation practice teaching. This study will provide important information for our school and the nation to achieve teaching reform in M. Pharm education of clinical pharmacy.     

Pharmacy Education in India

Pharmacy education in India traditionally has been industry and product oriented. In contrast to the situation in developed nations, graduate pharmacists prefer placements in the pharmaceutical industry. To practice as a pharmacist in India, one needs at least a diploma in pharmacy, which is awarded after only 2 years and 3 months of pharmacy studies. These diploma-trained pharmacists are the mainstay of pharmacy practice. The pharmacy practice curriculum has not received much attention. In India, there has been a surge in the number of institutions offering pharmacy degrees at various levels and a practice-based doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degree program was started in some private institutions in 2008. However, relatively little information has been published describing the current status of complex pharmacy education of India. In this paper we describe pharmacy education in India and highlight major issues in pharmacy practice including deficiencies in curriculum. The changing face of the profession is discussed, including the establishment of the PharmD program. The information presented in this paper may stimulate discussion and critical analysis and planning, and will be of value in further adaptation of the pharmacy education to desired educational outcomes.     

The Future of the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate Education: Recommendations from the AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group

Despite pharma''s recent sea change in approach to drug discovery and development, U.S. pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs are currently maintaining traditional methods for master''s and doctoral student education. The literature on graduate education in the biomedical sciences has long been advocating educating students to hone soft skills like communication and teamwork, in addition to maintaining excellent basic skills in research. However, recommendations to date have not taken into account the future trends in the pharmaceutical industry. The AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group has completed a literature survey of the trends in the pharmaceutical industry and graduate education in order to determine whether our graduate programs are strategically positioned to prepare our graduates for successful careers in the next few decades. We recommend that our pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs take a proactive leadership role in meeting the needs of our future graduates and employers. Our graduate programs should bring to education the innovation and collaboration that our industry also requires to be successful and relevant in this century.     

临床药学教育刍议

本文对美国、日本、中国的临床药学教育作一简介,并对我国发展临床药学教育试作一讨论。     

实习中引入临床药师培训模式的探索

为了使临床药学专业毕业生更加满足社会需求,山东大学参照卫生临床药师培训模式,在七年制临床药学专业毕业实习中加入了临床药师培训阶段。该文对该专业临床药学培训的安排、方式与内容、培训与考核等方面的问题做一介绍和讨论。