粉末冶金TiVNbTa难熔高熵合金的组织和力学性能

将机械合金化(MA)与放电等离子烧结(SPS)相结合制备了难熔TiVNbTa高熵合金,研究了这种合金的机械合金化过程、相组成和显微组织,以及烧结温度和O、N含量对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:机械合金化后高熵合金粉末为BCC结构,放电等离子烧结成的块体高熵合金由BCC基体和FCC析出相组成,其析出相为TiN+TiC+TiO的复合物。烧结温度为1100℃的高熵合金具有良好的综合力学性能,压缩屈服强度达到1506.3 MPa,塑性应变为33.2%。随着烧结温度的提高,合金发生了从准脆性到塑性再到脆性断裂的转变。O和N含量的提高对高熵合金强度的影响较小,但是使其塑性显著降低。     

CoCrFeNi-M系高熵合金的结构与相变

高熵合金作为金属材料领域近年来的三大突破之一,其开拓性地打破了传统合金设计理念的思想囚笼,适当配比的高熵合金可制得具有高强度、高耐磨性及耐蚀性等优异性能的合金材料。Fe、Co、Cr、Ni四种元素在高熵合金体系中研究得最为广泛,并得到一定的研究成果。从CoCrFeNi-M系高熵合金的结构与相变特点切入,介绍了高熵合金的结构分类特点,分析了高熵合金相形成及其规律,阐述了合金元素对铸态高熵合金相结构的影响,探讨了高熵合金的热处理过程。最后,总结了高熵合金的研究现状及其存在的问题。     

新型含Cu高熵合金的微观组织及热处理过程相变

目的为优化CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金成分,消除富Cr脆性相的析出倾向。方法用Cu取代Cr元素,以四元MnFeNiCu高熵合金为研究对象,探究含Cu高熵合金的微观组织及其热处理过程中的相变特征。结果铸态MnFeNiCu合金中Cu元素具有较强的偏析倾向,其枝晶间存在大量颗粒状富Cu析出物,通过均匀化热处理能完全消除Cu元素偏析现象,得到单相FCC组织。结论 Cu与其他3种元素均表现为不同程度的不相容性,具有最大的偏析倾向,使其在凝固过程中于枝晶间富集,均匀化热处理过程中Cu元素发生溶质扩散,最终形成了单相固溶体组织。     

Al_xCoCrFeNiCu_2高熵合金的组织结构及力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼技术制备出不同Al含量的AlxCo Cr Fe Ni Cu2的高熵合金,研究Al含量对该高熵合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,该铸态高熵合金合金具有简单的bcc相固溶体结构及fcc相固溶体结构。AlxCo Cr Fe Ni Cu2(x=1,2和3)合金中fcc相固溶体的含量在增加;当x=4,5时,合金中bcc相固溶体的含量增加。合金的硬度随着Al元素的增加而提高。制备出的5种合金中Al4Co Cr Fe Ni Cu2硬度值最高。Al3Co Cr Fe Ni Cu2高熵合金具有较高的屈服强度和断裂强度。     

Strategies for Achieving Strength–Ductility Synergy in Face-Centered Cubic High- and Medium-Entropy Alloys

High- and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs), also called as multicomponent alloys, are a new class of materials that break through the traditional alloy design concept based on single principal element. However, they do not break away from the magic spell of strength–ductility trade-off. Therefore, designing HEAs/MEAs with both high strength and high ductility still remains a great challenge nowadays. This article provides a review on the recent progress in mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (FCC) HEAs/MEAs. First, several traditional strengthening strategies are briefly reviewed, focusing on the strengthening mechanisms and the optimized mechanical properties. Subsequently, various novel strategies for achieving strength–ductility synergy in HEAs/MEAs are summarized, which include lowering the stacking fault energy, regulating the short-range order, promoting transformation-induced plasticity, and constructing heterogeneous microstructures. The basic ideas and related underlying mechanisms from these strategies are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and the future outlooks are emphasized and addressed systematically. In brief, the present review is expected to provide a useful guide for the design of HEAs/MEAs with superior mechanical properties.     

增材制造高熵合金研究进展

高熵合金(High-entropy alloys, HEA)由于具有优异的力学性能、抗高温氧化性能、耐腐蚀性能等优点,受到了越来越多学者的关注。目前高熵合金的制备一般采用传统的铸锻轧,这对于制备一些形状复杂的高端零部件和超细晶组织是一种严峻的挑战,而采用增材制造(Additive Manufacturing,AM)技术是解决上述问题的一个有效途径。重点阐述了国内外近年来在高熵合金增材制造材料种类、快速凝固非平衡组织演化、裂纹等成形缺陷、力学性能及成形特征方面的研究进展,为增材制造高熵合金进一步发展提供一定参考。最后,对增材制造高熵合金的研究进展进行了总结,并对增材制造高熵合金成分的设计提供了一定的思路。     

难熔高熵合金的研究进展及应用

高熵合金不同于传统工程合金,是由多种元素以等摩尔或近等摩尔的比例混合,形成的以简单固溶体结构为基体的系列成分复杂合金。其中含高熔点元素的难熔高熵合金具有较高的高温强度和优异的高温抗氧化性能及耐蚀性能等突出特点,其潜在的高温应用价值引起了广泛关注。详细阐述了难熔高熵合金的研究现状及应用,根据晶体结构类型将难熔合金体系进行了分类,并对各类体系中的微观组织特征进行了概述;进而归纳总结了难熔高熵合金的各种性能,包括高强度、耐磨性、高温抗氧化性、耐蚀性能等;最后对难熔高熵合金的发展及应用前景进行了展望。     

Crystal–Glass High-Entropy Nanocomposites with Near Theoretical Compressive Strength and Large Deformability

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) and metallic glasses (MGs) are two material classes based on the massive mixing of multiple-principal elements. HEAs are single or multiphase crystalline solid solutions with high ductility. MGs with amorphous structure have superior strength but usually poor ductility. Here, the stacking fault energy in the high-entropy nanotwinned crystalline phase and the glass-forming-ability in the MG phase of the same material are controlled, realizing a novel nanocomposite with near theoretical yield strength (G/24, where G is the shear modulus of a material) and homogeneous plastic strain above 45% in compression. The mutually compatible flow behavior of the MG phase and the dislocation flux in the crystals enable homogeneous plastic co-deformation of the two regions. This crystal–glass high-entropy nanocomposite design concept provides a new approach to developing advanced materials with an outstanding combination of strength and ductility.     

冷轧对Al_(10)Cu_(25)Co_(20)Fe_(20)Ni_(25)高熵合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

对铸态Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金进行冷轧处理后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对其相结构、微观组织形貌及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:经冷轧工艺处理后,Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金硬度最大为285HV,较轧制前提高了51.6%;在变形量为40%时,抗拉强度达到最大值,为638MPa,是铸态合金的2.7倍。拉伸断口分析表明,铸态合金的断裂模式为树枝晶沿晶断裂和韧窝型延性断裂,而冷轧态合金主要为韧窝型延性断裂模式。