前循环动脉瘤伴颅内大血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的：探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成大面积颅内血肿的急诊手术疗效。方法对2008‐07—2013‐07大连市第三人民医院收治的15例前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成颅内大血肿患者进行急诊手术治疗回顾性分析。结果本组未发生脑疝5例,脑疝10例,术中均证实为动脉瘤破裂出血,其中大脑中动脉瘤4例,前交通动脉瘤3例,后交通动脉瘤3例,其中多发动脉瘤1例。术后GOS分级,Ⅴ、Ⅳ级6例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级3例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内大血肿,采取早期手术清除血肿、夹闭动脉瘤治疗效果满意。     

前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿和脑疝患者的CT特点和直接手术疗效

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂出血伴颅内血肿、脑疝患者的CT表现和直接手术疗效. 方法 回顾性分析四川省人民医院神经外科自2007年12月至2010年12月收治的11例前循环动脉瘤破裂出血伴颅内血肿、脑疝患者的CT表现及治疗,分析前循环动脉瘤破裂形成血肿与动脉瘤位置关系及手术处理要点. 结果 本组患者颅内出血原因术中均证实为动脉瘤破裂出血,其中前交通动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤3例,大脑中动脉瘤6例;多发动脉瘤2例,1例为大脑中动脉瘤(责任动脉瘤)合并同侧后交通动脉瘤,1例为后交通动脉瘤(责任动脉瘤)合并对侧大脑中动脉瘤:术后GOS分级显示V级6例,Ⅳ级2例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅱ级0例,Ⅰ级2例. 结论 依据前循环动脉瘤破裂出血伴颅内血肿、脑疝患者的CT表现,早期手术治疗效果满意.     

基层医院开展急诊手术治疗前循环颅内动脉瘤(附38例临床分析)

目的研究基层医院开展急诊手术治疗前循环颅内动脉瘤的效果及临床经验。方法回顾性分析38例前循环动脉瘤急诊手术患者的临床资料。结果 38例患者共有41个动脉瘤,其中前交通动脉瘤27个、大脑中动脉瘤8个、颈内后交通动脉瘤5个、脉络膜前动脉瘤1个;38个动脉瘤为破裂动脉瘤,3个为对侧未破裂的动脉瘤。38个破裂动脉瘤均行急诊动脉瘤夹闭术,3个对侧未破裂动脉瘤行择期手术。手术中瘤颈完全显露时破裂者10例,瘤颈未完全显露时破裂者1例;13例患者去骨瓣,25例患者骨瓣复位。28例患者术后恢复正常,无明显后遗症,4例患者有对侧肢体不全瘫痪,4例患者植物生存,2例患者术后死亡。结论只要具备丰富的颅内动脉显微解剖知识,掌握一定的显微手术操作技巧,严格选择合适的病例;基层医院神经外科可以谨慎地开展前循环颅内动脉瘤急诊手术,并取得较好的疗效。     

前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿手术方法及疗效。方法前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者29例行显微手术治疗,总结其临床特点:动脉瘤部位、大小、形态、合并脑内血肿大小、形态,术前Hunt-Hess分级、手术方式及三个月随访的格拉斯预后评分。结果 Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级10例、Ⅳ级17例、Ⅴ级2例。17例患者术前经常规血管造影,12例行三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)检查证实。29例术中诊断与术前诊断一致,前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤7例,大脑中动脉瘤16例,29例患者共31枚动脉瘤均成功夹闭,3个月后随访时GOS评分Ⅴ级14例,Ⅳ级7例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级2例。结论颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者病情危重,早期夹闭动脉瘤,清除血肿,效果良好。     

前循环动脉瘤夹闭术中破裂的处理

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤术中破裂的预防、显微手术处理技巧和方法 .方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2009年5月132例患者(135个动脉瘤)显微夹闭术中再破裂的7例前循环动脉瘤的处理,其中后交通动脉瘤2例,前交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤1例.结果 7例术中再破裂动脉瘤均被成功夹闭,患者根据GOS评分标准,3例术后恢复良好,2例中残,1例重残,1例死亡.结论 颅内动脉瘤的术中再破裂可发生在手术中的任何环节,显微手术技巧和综合处理措施能减少术中破裂,有效地改善患者预后.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的手术治疗时机和方法,以提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年4月至2006年10月在我科行急诊手术治疗的32例破裂颅内动脉瘤并脑内血肿患者的临床资料。32例颅内动脉瘤中,大脑中动脉瘤13例,前交通动脉瘤8例,后交通动脉瘤6例,大脑前动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉瘤2例。所有患者术前均行CT检查,28例术前行DSA检查。均在24h内行急诊手术,直视下夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿。结果按GOS评分,术后恢复良好19例,轻度残废6例,重度残废5例,死亡2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术效果明显,可有效降低病死率,提高恢复等级。     

急诊显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿

目的总结早期显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿的经验。方法回顾性分析20例颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的显微手术时机、手术入路、术中和术后的处理等。结果术后恢复良好14例，单侧动眼神经麻痹2例，植物状态2例，死亡2例。结论早期诊断及显微手术处理可以提高颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的生存率及改善预后。术中操作轻柔，施行控制性降压，暂时阻断载瘤动脉等措施可有效地预防动脉瘤术中破裂出血。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿的诊断和显微手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析13例颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿患者的临床资料。术前5例患者进行了DSA检查,3例患者进行了CT血管造影检查,5例进行了头部CT检查（4例经术中证实为动脉瘤,1例术后经DSA证实为动脉瘤）。其中大脑中动脉动脉瘤5例,前交通动脉动脉瘤4例,后交通动脉动脉瘤3例,骈周动脉动脉瘤1例。结果 13例患者中有12例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术;1例仅行血肿清除术,术后行血管内栓塞治疗。所有患者术后随访3个月,根据GOS分级,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿需尽早行DSA或CT血管造影检查明确诊断;治疗方式应首选开颅动脉瘤夹闭＋血肿清除术。     

手术治疗栓塞失败的颅内动脉瘤

目的总结用开颅手术方法治疗栓塞失败的颅内动脉瘤的经验.方法 1999年2月至2002年4月采用手术方法治疗栓塞失败的颅内动脉瘤8例(男性5例,女性3例),其中后交通动脉瘤3例,前交通动脉瘤2例,大脑前动脉A1段动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤1例,小脑后下动脉动脉瘤1例.动脉瘤的直径平均为12 mm.结果 8例患者术后均恢复良好,脑血管造影复查,动脉瘤均完全消失,无动脉瘤残留.治疗期间均未发生动脉瘤再破裂出血,无手术合并症和术后死亡.结论栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤应严格掌握适应证.有动脉瘤残留或再通者建议行显微手术治疗.     

伴有颅内血肿的前循环破裂出血动脉瘤超早期显微手术治疗

目的 探讨伴有颅内血肿的前循环破裂出血动脉瘤超早期显微手术治疗.方法 27例前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿形成患者24 h内行显微手术治疗,探讨其影像学特点、手术方法.结果 27例术中诊断与术前一致,责任动脉瘤为前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤8例,大脑中动脉瘤13例.多发动脉瘤3例,2例位于同侧前循环,1次手术夹闭,1例另1枚动脉瘤位于对侧大脑中动脉分叉处,择期手术处理.出血动脉瘤均为中小型动脉瘤.术后GOS分级Ⅴ级14例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅰ级2例.结论 前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿形成超早期显微手术清除血肿,夹闭动脉瘤,效果满意.

Abstract：

Objective To explore ultra - early microsurgical management in patients with ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma. Method The imaging characteristics and operation methods of 27 cases of ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma underwent surgery within 24 hours were collected. Results The surgical outcomes indicated that the intraoperative diagnoses were consistent with preoperative diagnoses in all cases. The rupture aneurysms include 6 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms,8 posterior communicating artery aneurysms,and 13 middle cerebral artery aneurysms. There were 3 patients harbored two aneurysms,2 in homolateral anterior circulation clipped at the same time, 1 in contralateral middle artery clipped in another operation. The aneurysms were all middle or small size. The postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scales (GOS) were grade Ⅴ in 14 patients,grade Ⅳ in 9, grade Ⅲ in 2, grade Ⅰ in 2. Conclusions For patients with ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma, favorable outcome chould be achieved through ultra - early microsurgical management     

颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的复合手术治疗

目的 探讨复合手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的疗效。方法 回顾性分析簧圈栓塞术后行颅骨钻孔血肿腔引流术治疗的5例颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的临床资料。结果 5例头颅CT均表现为典型蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）合并脑内血肿;DSA发现动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A2段分叉部1例、大脑前动脉A2段1例、前交通动脉1例、颈内动脉后交通动脉1例、大脑中动脉分叉部1例;术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。引流术后3~4 d血肿大部分引流干净,无再出血、感染及脑梗死。术后6个月GOS评分3分1例,4分1例,5分3例。结论 对合并脑内血肿的自发性SAH,首先应考虑动脉瘤破裂出血可能,需尽早行DSA检查明确诊断;复合手术对于部分未发生脑疝又合并脑内血肿的破裂动脉瘤是可行的,能取得良好的疗效。     

表现为侧裂区血肿的颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂导致侧裂区血肿的诊断和处理原则。方法本组男7例,女5例,年龄18～63岁,平均49岁。12例侧裂区血肿均经脑血管造影（DSA）或CT脑血管造影（CTA）检查确诊,其中大脑中动脉瘤9例,后交通动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤合并大脑中动脉瘤1例。本研究对其临床表现、影像学特点及处理原则分别进行了分析。结果12例患者中有10例经开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术,1例行经股动脉穿刺血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗,1例经DSA检查明确动脉瘤后术前准备时再出血,抢救无效死亡。术后1例患者出现脑梗死,经对症治疗好转,3例遗留神经功能障碍,其余病人恢复良好。结论表现为侧裂区的自发性脑内血肿,很有可能是动脉瘤破裂出血所致,需尽早行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断,治疗以手术为首选,术中夹闭动脉瘤并将血肿清除。     

CT血管造影诊断破裂脑动脉瘤

目的探讨运用CTA诊断破裂脑动脉瘤。方法对怀疑颅内动脉瘤破裂的40例病人施行CTA检查,采用Philips Tomoscan AVP1螺旋CT机,数据经计算机工作站处理后以最大密度投影重建(MIP)和表面遮盖法重建(SSD)法显示,由放射科医师和神经外科医师共同阅片。结果本组40例病人共检出25例28个动脉瘤,其中前交通动脉瘤13例,颈内动脉颅内段动脉瘤3例,后交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤1例,基底动脉梭形动脉瘤1例,左侧大脑中动脉瘤破裂合并右侧颈内动脉瘤1例,后交通动脉瘤合并同侧颈内动脉床突周围段芽孢状微小动脉瘤2例。20例脑动脉瘤做了开颅手术治疗,其中15例单纯根据CTA检查结果手术,术中证实诊断。结论CTA具有快速、简便、安全、可靠的优点,可作为破裂脑动脉瘤和急诊手术前首选的检查。     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤显微手术(附92例报告)

目的 探讨脑前循环系统动脉瘤的手术时机、术中动脉瘤破裂的处理和多发性动脉瘤的治疗原则。方法 回顾性分析我院自1996年12月至2005年12月92例脑前循环系统动脉瘤显微手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果 92例患者共手术夹闭动脉瘤98个，同时清除血肿20例；4例多发性动脉瘤（其中1例先行一侧动脉瘤直接夹闭术，术后40d对侧动脉瘤破裂脑疝急诊手术直接夹闭3个动脉瘤）；92例中死亡2例（大面积脑梗脑疝1例，肺部感染1例）。结论 脑前循环系统动脉瘤早期施行显微手术疗效较佳。对于多发性动脉瘤，应尽可能在一期内行单侧或双侧开颅术，先处理破裂的动脉瘤，后处理未破裂动脉瘤。手术中避免动脉瘤破裂和正确处理破裂后的出血，显微镜下充分解剖蛛网膜，避免解剖关系不清状态下盲目操作及术后积极防止血管痉挛是手术成功的关键。     

早期电解可脱性微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的探讨早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析33例颅内破裂动脉瘤行电解可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗的经验。动脉瘤位置:前交通动脉7例,后交通动脉10例,颈内动脉5例,大脑中动脉6例,基底动脉2例,小脑后下动脉3例。Hunt-hess分级:Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级12例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例,Ⅴ级2例。结果动脉瘤完全闭塞20例,90%～99%闭塞11例,90%以下闭塞2例。随访3～12个月,良好23例,中等7例,差3例,无再出血发生。结论GDC早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂性动脉瘤是安全有效的治疗手段。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断与治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断和治疗原则。方法本组男15例，女12例，年龄18～67岁，平均51岁。27例脑内血肿均经脑血管造影（DSA）或CT脑血管造影（CTA）检查确诊，其中前交通动脉瘤7例，后交通动脉瘤10例，大脑中动脉瘤9例，后交通动脉瘤合并大脑中动脉瘤1例。本研究对其临床表现、影像学特点及处理原则分别进行了分析。结果27例患者中有24例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术，2例行股动脉穿刺血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗，1例行DSA检查确诊动脉瘤后术前准备时再出血，抢救无效死亡。根据GOS分级，本组Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级1例，Ⅲ级3例，Ⅳ级7例，Ⅴ级13例。结论某些特殊部位的白发性脑内血肿，有可能是颅内动脉瘤破裂出血所致，需尽早行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断，治疗以手术为首选，术中夹闭动脉瘤并将血肿清除。     

Endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for anterior circulation aneurysms using the angle-type rigid endoscope over a 3-year period

INTRODUCTION: The use of the endoscope (fiberscope) to assist the microsurgical clipping of cerebral aneurysm was first reported by Fischer and Mustafa in 1994. The rigid endoscope has been increasingly used during aneurysm surgery in which structures around the aneurysm can be detected with high quality imaging. Our 3 years of its use now allows us to assess the endoscope's efficacy and limits in standard surgery with a pterional approach in aneurysms of the anterior circulation. The endoscope can carry out a supportive role in planning surgical manoeuvres and in verifying whether clipping has been performed correctly or not. In our view, among the aneurysms of the anterior circulation, the endoscope is particularly useful in those of the internal carotid and the anterior communicating arteries. In many cases of these aneurysms the posterior communicating artery, choroidal artery or one of the distal cerebral arteries is hidden behind the aneurysm dome. Dome retraction is often required in order to see these vascular structures with the microscope. Thus an endoscope with a 30 degrees view angle becomes very useful. The concealed areas are identified without retraction, which prevents the possibility of the aneurysm being ruptured and also reduces the use of temporary clipping. From its early use as a supportive measure that is sometimes useful in surgery for "easy" aneurysms, the endoscope has now become almost indispensable for the "difficult" aneurysms, including the large and giant ones before and after clipping. Thus, the endoscope should be kept ready for use in the operating theatre for any eventuality. OBJECTIVE: We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the endoscope in the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: During our 3 years of experience, 52 patients with 48 ruptured and 10 unruptured aneurysms of the anterior circulation (including 6 cases of two-fold aneurysms) underwent clipping with endoscope support through a pterional approach. All ruptured aneurysms produced a Hunt and Hess Grade I or II subarachnoid haemorrhage. The endoscope was inserted before and after clipping in order to observe the conditions surrounding the aneurysm and to receive immediate confirmation that clipping had been performed correctly. RESULTS: In all cases general anatomy visualization was provided by the endoscope, and the correct clip positioning and vessel conditions were easily checked. In 4 cases the endoscope showed that the clip had been positioned incorrectly. Additional clipping was performed in these cases: in 2 cases the clip was re-applied correctly and in another case a clip was added. Only the fourth patient with a large communicating artery died (1.9%) of cerebral infarction. This was due to post-clipping stenosis of one distal cerebral artery in which it was not possible to re-position the clip correctly because of the presence of arteriosclerotic calcific plaque near the aneurysm neck. In 3 cases there was an intraoperative ruptured aneurysm dome that was not caused by the endoscope insertion. No further complications were caused by the endoscope. CONCLUSION: In certain cases endoscopic-assisted microsurgery is an exceptional aid to the surgeon and must become part of the operating theatre equipment and kept on hand ready for use. The endoscope is, in our opinion, particularly useful in certain aneurysm localisations (internal carotid artery-anterior communicating artery [ICA-ACOMA]).