二甲酚橙光度法测定水中微量溴化十六烷基三甲基铵

在硝酸-硝酸钠存在下,六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液(pH=6.3左右)中,二甲酚橙与阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)形成离子缔合物,最大吸收波长590nm,摩尔吸光系数为6 9×104L·mol-1·cm-1,CTMAB的质量浓度在0～400μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,线性回归方程A=0 003323+0 0047C(C单位为μg/mL),相关系数为0 9975。用于生活废水中微量CTMAB测定,回收率为98 60%～98 98%。     

季铵烷基阳离子淀粉的合成及工业化设想

研究以玉米淀粉、环氧氯丙烷、三甲胺等为原料，制备季铵烷基高取代阳离子粉，并在实验基础上对小规模工业化生产季铵烷基淀粉进行设计。     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏荧光法测定痕量镁

以甲醇作溶剂在pH值为9并有表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏条件下,以桑色素为荧光指示剂测定水中的Mg~(2 )。最优条件为激发波长470nm,发射波长541nm。线性回归方程为y= 351．19x-0．037,线性范围0．0-0．18mg·L~(-1)。用于水样中Mg~(2 )的测定,结果令人满意。     

十六烷基三甲基水杨酸铵水溶液的电导和流变性能研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基水杨酸铵水溶液在稀溶液和亚浓溶液范围的电导和流变行为。体系的电导率-浓度曲线显示2个转折点:第一个转折点对应临界胶束浓度(cmc),第二个对应体系开始形成棒状胶束的浓度。计算了胶束化的热力学函数变化,证实胶束化过程主要来自于焓驱动。流变实验表明:所有体系均显示剪切稀化行为;溶液质量摩尔浓度高于119 mmol·kg-1时,体系符合Maxwell流体行为,具有单一结构弛豫时间;体系的高黏度来自于短棒状胶束之间的链接而不是缠结的蠕虫状胶束。     

氯化钠-硫氰酸钾-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系浮选分离铂

研究了氯化钠-硫氰酸钾-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系浮选分离铂的行为及其与常见金属离子的分离条件。结果表明,当NaCl用量为1 g,0.1 mol/L硫氰酸钾(KSCN)溶液为2.0 mL,10 mmol/L溴化十六烷基三甲基铵溶液为2.0 mL,pH=4.0时,Pt(Ⅳ)能被定量浮选,而Al(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ)离子不被浮选,实现了Pt(Ⅳ)与这些离子完全分离。对合成水样进行了浮选分离测定。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系浮选分离铋的研究

研究了硫酸铵-碘化钾-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系浮选分离铋的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。试验表明,控制pH1.0,能使Bi(Ⅲ）与常见离子Zn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ）、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ）分离。     

有机反离子十六烷基三甲基铵的表面活性及应用性能

研究了十六烷基三甲基甲酸铵(HTAF)、十六烷基三甲基乙酸铵(HTAA)和十六烷基三甲基丁酸铵(HTAE)的表面活性、抗静电性、耐盐和耐酸碱性、金属腐蚀性、抑菌性和生物降解性,并对HTAF与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9Na)和非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG₁₂₁₄)二元复配体系的抑菌性和去污洗涤效果进行了测试。结果表明:HTAE的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和表面张力(γ_cmc)皆低于HTAF和HTAA;HTAF和HTAA的抗静电性能与传统抗静电剂十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸铵(SN)处于一个数量级,HTAE的抗静电性较差;三种有机反离子季铵盐对一价Na⁺和二价Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺都具有优良的耐盐性(>200 g/L),并且耐酸碱性能较好;有机反离子季铵盐对金属的腐蚀性明显低于十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(HTAC);三种有机反离子季铵盐的7天初级生物降解度都大于98%;在20 mg/kg含量下,HTAF对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)仍表现出较好的抑菌效果(>95%)。二元复配体系表明:AES/HTAF混合体系相比标准洗衣液具有更好的去污效果,但基本无抑菌性能;AEC-9Na/HTAF混合体系兼具优异的抑菌和去污洗涤性能;APG;/HTAF混合体系抑菌性能较好,但去污效果较差。     

阳离子烷基糖苷合成过程中的季铵化反应

针对泥页岩等易坍塌地层的井壁失稳问题,开展了强抑制剂阳离子烷基糖苷的研制。以烷基糖苷与环氧氯丙烷的水解产物3-氯-1,2-丙二醇反应生成3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷。考察了3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷与三甲胺发生季铵化反应的反应条件。结果表明,在pH值为9的条件下,将3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷与三甲胺按摩尔比1∶1混合均匀,三甲胺的加料方式为直加,在56℃下搅拌反应5 h,得到的钻井液用阳离子烷基糖苷产品抑制性能最优,岩心一次回收率96%,相对回收率98%。     

重量法测定湿法磷酸中的二氧化硅——十六烷基三甲基溴化胺作凝聚剂（CTMAB）

本文提出用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）作为重量法测定湿法磷酸中的二氧化硅的凝聚剂，在大量五氧化二磷存在下，重量法测定小量的二氧化硅，得到令人满意的结果。     

季铵阳离子表面活性剂的分析方法

文章介绍了一种简便的方法——铁氰化钾法来完成季铵阳离子表面活性剂的分析,步骤简单,结果精确度良好,设备经济,适合于工业分析。     

Sorption of Acid Dyes onto Silica Modified with Cetyltrimethylammonium Cations

The sorption behavior of acid dyes onto cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)- modified silica as a function of pH in the aqueous medium was studied. Single- and multi-solute sorption equilibria of orange Ⅱ(OR), phenol red (PR) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) were studied at pH 3, unbuffered water pH and pH 11. Sorption behavior of EBT could not be conducted at pH 3 due to its aggregation in acidic medium. All the reaction conditions, experimental protocols and techniques remained the same throughout the sorption process. Sorption isotherms for single-solute system were fitted by the Langmuir model, while Langmuir competitive model (LCM) and the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) coupled with Langmuir model (IAST/Langmuir) were used for the prediction of multisolute competitive sorption. Sorption affinities influenced by the factors like physical interactive forces between the molecules of CTA on silica and sorbate, structural limitations of the dyes based on their geometrical arrangement were investiga     

酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附

运用三种吸附理论模型,即Langmuir、Freundlich和Redlich-Peterson吸附模型、讨论了酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附机理,并研究了染色温度对吸附参数的影响和硫酸钠在染色中的作用研究结果表明,Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson模型均能很好地描述酸性染料在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附性质,酸性染料以离子键的形式在甲壳胺纤维上发生吸附;酸性橙11在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附是典型的放热过程,Langmuir吸附常数KL随着染色温度的升高而降低,染浴中加入硫酸钠导致了酸性染料吸附量的降低,这意味着硫酸钠在染色中将起缓染作用     

Sorption of Uranium and other Metal Ions on Amine-Functionalized Silica Materials

Sorption of U(VI) and other metal ions on amine-functionalized silica was studied, including aminopropylsilica (APS), 3-(ethylenediamino)propyl silica (ENPS), and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl silica (DIENPS). DIENPS showed the strongest and fastest sorption for U(VI) that can be described by Langmuir isotherm, suggesting U(VI) was sorbed at well-defined and energetically identical sites independent from each other. The sorption efficiency of DIENPS follows the order: U(VI) > Fe(III) > Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Ni(II) > Mg(II) > Sr(II). Results demonstrate that the amine-functionalized silica materials could be used as efficient sorbents to remove uranium and hazardous metal ions in environmental remediation.     

酸性染料对木材进行染色实验研究

本试验选择酸性染料对低质阔叶材单板进行染色研究,发现酸性染料对滇桤木、滇杨木、西南桦等树种有较好的易染性。通过试验得到了几例常用木材染色的染料配比,并对影响染色工艺的因素进行了初步探讨,实验表明在T=70～80℃,pH=4及加入1.5％的助染剂后染色效果最佳。     

氨基改性介孔二氧化硅对2-萘磺酸的吸附研究

用预水解法合成氨基改性介孔二氧化硅,考察了它对2-萘磺酸的吸附作用。实验表明,材料对2-萘磺酸吸附的最佳pH值为2.5,在25℃下的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量可达142.4mg/g。吸附动力学符合准一级吸附动力学方程,相关系数R2为0.9952。共存无机离子SO2-4对2-萘磺酸有竞争吸附影响。用0.05mol/L的NaOH溶液再生后的材料,重复使用5次均能保持良好的吸附效果,可用于2-萘磺酸废水的吸附处理。     

Removal of Some Organic Dyes by Hexane-Extracted Spent Bleaching Earth

The removal of some organic dyes from aqueous solution by hexane-extracted spent bleaching earth, a waste material from the palm oil industry, was investigated. It was noted that the material had better affinity for basic than acid dyes. Various parameters affecting the removal process were studied. These were pH, initial dye concentration, sorbent dosage, temperature and agitation rate in the batch process. Experimental data show that both the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion effect play important roles in the rate of dye removal. Maximum sorption capacities for some basic and acid dyes studied compare favourably with those reported using other low-cost sorbents. © 1997 SCI.     

Adsorption/Desorption of Hg(II) on FDU-1 Silica and FDU-1 Silica Modified with Humic Acid

Incorporation of humic acid in the FDU-1 mesoporous silica improved Hg(II) adsorption and did not destroy the ordered network, providing surface area of 500 m² g^?1, pore volume of 0.9 cm³ g^?1, and mean pore diameter of 10 nm. Carboxylic and phenolic groups increased the affinity by forming surface complexes with Hg(II). Isotherms (25.0 ± 0.1°C) were fitted to the Freundlich equation, exhibiting K_f values that increased with pH and 1/n that decreased to values < 1 with the heterogeneity of sites. Hg(II) desorption in 0.10 mol L^?1 acetic acid was lower than 10%, suggesting that chemisorption processes govern the Hg(II) removal.     

Sorption of Silver Cations by Natural and Na-Exchanged Mordenite

Sorption of Ag⁺ by natural mordenite and its Na-exchanged form was investigated by the batch method. Maximum Ag⁺ uptake was observed at initial pH > 3.0 and contact time 90 min. The kinetic data fitted very well to the pseudo-second-order rate model with values of k ₂ from 37.31 to 0.487 and 48.32 to 0.491 g/meq min for the natural and Na-exchanged mordenite, respectively. The Langmuir model is in good correlation with the isotherm data up to initial concentration of 500 mg Ag⁺/L (q _m = 57.41 (natural sample) and 87.72 mg/g (Na-exchanged sample). The obtained data are promising for clean-up of polluted water.     

四只蒽醌结构酸性染料的细菌脱色性能初探

利用经过培养驯化的细菌对四只蒽醌结构的酸性染料进行了生物降解初探。实验结果表明:在脱色过程中24小时达到最大值93%,染料深度高,对脱色有抑制作用;作为碳源的葡萄糖,可以提高脱色率;在降解酶中,胞内酶的脱色效果明显优于胞外酶。C.I.AcidGreen28的脱色是胞内酶和菌体吸附共同作用的结果,脱色率在90%以上。     

国内外酸性染料的进展

详细综述了近年来国内外酸性染料的产销与开发情况。