Determination of refractive index by fiber-loop cavity ring-down spectroscopy and a long-period fiber grating

The combination of fiber-loop ring-down spectroscopy and a long-period fiber grating were employed in an intensity-interrogated refractive index sensing method using a broad band light source and the specifically designed long-period fiber grating. Compared with the traditional long-period-fiber-grating based refractive index sensors, this approach monitored the decay of the optical signal passing through the loop of the long fiber grating. The decay time changed regularly when the grating was immersed in surrounding media with varying refractive indices. This instrumentation offered reduced cost and eliminated the influence of source fluctuation. The sensitivity and resolution were 2421 ns/RIU and 3 × 10^?4 for refractive index values from 1.3330–1.3737.     

Temperature and refractive index sensor using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror and single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure

A novel fiber optic sensor for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature is reported. The sensor consists of a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror and a section of single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure. The single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure served as a refractometer while the high-birefringence fiber loop mirror was used to measure temperature. The multimode interference valley of the single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure was sensitive to the surrounding refractive index of liquids (96.42 nm/refractive index unit) and had almost no response to temperature fluctuations. The high-birefringence fiber loop mirror was highly sensitive to temperature (1.98 nm/°C) but was insensitive to changes in refractive index. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index. The optimum resolution was 2.07 × 10^?4 refractive index units and 0.01°C.     

基于光纤马赫泽德干涉的折射率测量

为了高精度的检测液体折射率,本文研究了基于模间干涉的马赫泽德光纤折射率传感器.传感器由普通的单模光纤和多模光纤组成,按照单模,多模,单模依次熔接在一起,并将熔接后的光纤进行拉锥处理,最终得到直径为10μm左右的传感头.实验结果表明,液体折射率在1.33到1.35范围内增大时,其透射谱的损耗峰将向长波方向移动.     

纤芯失配的光纤Mach-Zehnder折射率传感器

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪原理,利用光纤错位熔接技术设计并制作了一种单模光纤-多模光纤-单模光纤-错位熔接点-单模光纤结构的液体折射率传感器。传感器中的多模光纤和错位连接部分充当光耦合器;多模光纤在后面的单模光纤的纤芯和包层中激发出纤芯模和包层模,不同的模式有不同的模式折射率,经中间单模光纤传输到错位熔接点处时,不同模式光之间将产生光程差,经错位熔接点耦合成为导出光纤的纤芯模从而产生干涉。对该传感器输出的干涉光谱中干涉谷功率随外界溶液折射率变化的规律进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明：溶液折射率变化为1.358 9~1.392 2时,干涉谱中1 530 nm附近的干涉谷光功率与溶液折射率呈单调递增关系,可用于折射率的测量;折射率变化为1.372 0~1.392 2时,传感器响应曲线具有很好的线性度,线性拟合系数为0.998,对应的灵敏度为252.06 dB/RIU。该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高,可用于生物医学领域液体折射率的实时测量。     

基于空芯光纤的复合双腔光纤法珀盐度传感器

为实现高灵敏度的盐度测量,提出了一种基于空芯光纤的单模光纤–空芯光纤–单模光纤(SMF-HCF-SMF)复合双腔光纤法珀(F-P)盐度传感器.该传感器通过精密切割结合光纤熔接技术制备,结构小巧,工艺简单.通过HCF段空气腔与SMF段介质腔所对应的反射光谱干涉信号的振幅之比对盐度进行测量,可以有效剔除光源功率起伏以及其他...     

High sensitivity internal refractive index sensor based on a photonic crystal fiber long period grating

A high sensitivity method is reported for the measurement of the internal refractive index using a photonic crystal fiber long period grating. Long period gratings of different lengths were inscribed in photonic crystal fibers, and the air holes of the fiber had varying refractive indices. A side lobe appeared near the resonant dip through the analysis of the characteristics of transmission spectra showing variation in the refractive index. The resonant dip and its side lobe provided varying sensitivities to the internal refractive index values. The sensitivity of the side lobe was as high as 2343?nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which exceeded the value for the resonant dip (2047?nm/RIU) for refractive indices from 1.3333–1.3792. Due to the high resolution of 8.5?×?10^?6 RIU, this method offers promising applications for biological and chemical analysis in which high-precision refractive index measurements are required.     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的化学传感器

除掉光纤布拉格光栅的包层,可以使它的布拉格波长对外界环境的折射率变化敏感。采用氢氟酸腐蚀掉光纤布拉格光栅的包层,获得了直径约为6 μm的布拉格光栅。实验研究了布拉格波长对化学溶液的浓度敏感性特征,结果表明:采用10 pm分辨率的光谱仪,丙二醇溶液在低浓度时的浓度分辨率为0.7%,在高浓度时的分辨率为0.32%;糖溶液在低浓度时的分辨率为0.55%,高浓度时为0.1%。采用商用的分辨率为1 pm的高精度波长解调系统,它们的分辨率可以提高一个数量级。     

Determination of refractive index by a U-shaped multimode fiber sensor

The U-shaped multimode fiber structure is proposed to measure the refractive index of liquid. In the previous work, the U-shaped structure by single-mode fiber has been widely investigated. However, the large bending loss restricted its practical applications, especially for the reflection-type fiber probe. To reduce the bending losses, the multimode fiber is used as the bending section of the fiber sensor in this study. The structures with different bending radiuses are fabricated to verify this design. Moreover, to simplify the interrogation method, the differential intensity interrogation method is used by cascading two fiber Bragg gratings after the U-shaped fiber structure. The low bending loss of the proposed structure is helpful to measure the reflected light power by fiber Bragg gratings. The influence of incident light power fluctuation was largely suppressed by this differential method. In addition, the sensitivity is also increased by a factor of 2 compared with the intensity interrogation method using one-cascaded fiber Bragg grating. The experimental results show that the refractive index sensitivities are ?115.09?dB/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.3405–1.3874 and ?260.24?dB/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.3874–1.4223, respectively.     

基于D型光纤光斑图的折射率传感特性研究

本文设计并制备了一种单模-D型-多模光纤结构,利用光纤传导模式间的干涉以及D型光纤的非对称结构,获得对外界变化响应极其灵敏的光斑图,并基于纹理特征算法解调出光斑的特征值,由特征值与折射率之间的一一对应关系实现折射率传感。对传感特性的研究中,从仿真与实验的角度讨论了不同抛磨长度、抛磨深度对传感特性的影响,仿真与实验结果均表明,抛磨长度2 mm和抛磨深度18μm参数的D型光纤结构折射率传感特性最佳,仿真与实验结果一致,证明了研究方法的正确性以及D型光纤光斑传感器进行折射率传感的可行性。实验中,能量值(EN)折射率测量灵敏度最高可达-1.86/RIU,拟合度达到0.964,相关性值(COR)折射率检测灵敏度最高可达-0.23/RIU,拟合度达到0.979。由于光斑检测的分辨力极高,因此,该方法为高分辨力折射率测量提供了很好的思路。     

Novel torsion sensor using a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber loop mirror

A novel torsion sensor employing a short length of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber was inserted into the fiber loop mirror with an output probe. The sensing scheme was described theoretically by a Jones matrix and experimentally demonstrated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the intensity loss in response to the twist angle may be up to 0.0394 dB/° and a resolution of 0.025° was achieved. This torsion sensor is attractive due to its compact size, insensitivity to temperature, and suitability for longer distance transmission than conventional sensors.     

保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。     

一次谐波锁频的快速光腔衰荡光谱检测

本文介绍了一种赫兹级响应速率的光腔衰荡光谱探测大气痕量气体的检测技术.将100 MHz正弦波调制信号加载在电光相位调制器上产生边带,用混频器提取载波与边带通过3m气体吸收池后拍频所产生的一次谐波作为误差信号,实现了1572 nm分布式反馈激光器对于二氧化碳气体分子6361.25 cm-1处超精细跃迁线的频率锁定.采用波...     

用光腔衰荡法测量高反射率的实验研究

根据光腔衰荡光谱技术开展了测量镜片高反射率的研究,建立了测量实验装置。理论上给出了反射率测量的计算方法,在实验中测定了一对反射率相等的高反射腔镜的反射率,以及一块45°反射镜样品的反射率,并分析了影响光腔衰荡曲线的参数。     

光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究

在对甲烷气体分子近红外吸收光谱分析的基础上,采用1.66μm分布反馈式半导体激光器作为光源,应用二次谐波检测技术,实现对甲烷气体的浓度检测,检测的灵敏度为7×10-5/m。大气和工业污染中的其他气体分子的含量也可通过调换光源及相应的光学器件采用类似的方法测量。     

基于表面开孔光纤的集成式亚硝酸盐微流荧光传感器

利用中空悬挂芯光纤研制了一种将荧光猝灭反应区建立在空心光纤内部的光纤集成荧光在线微流传感器。利用CO2激光器在光纤表面刻蚀微孔,使得试剂可由微孔注入光纤内部并混合形成稳定的微流。在悬挂芯光纤纤芯倏逝场的激发下,指示剂分子产生荧光,所产生的荧光被耦合到纤芯内部并在出射端被检测。文中利用光纤内部的荧光猝灭反应实验确定了亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度。结果显示:微流可在短时间通过光纤,传感器能以较快的速度检测溶液浓度。另外,当亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度为0.1~2.6mmol/L时,荧光猝灭程度与溶液浓度呈较好的线性关系,结果证明了该集成式光纤内微流控传感器方案用于微量荧光检测的可行性。     

基于光子晶体和法布里珀罗腔结构的折射率传感器

光子晶体传感器在溶液检测方面具有巨大的应用潜力,设计一种光子晶体液体折射率传感器,通过在光子晶体中构造法布里珀罗腔(F-P腔)并利用光子晶体的自准直效应来实现折射率的探测。通过二维时域有限差分法(2D-FDTD)对电磁波在光子晶体F-P腔中的传播的仿真实验,最终获得了高线性度的输出光功率与液体折射率的对应关系,并可基于此特性实现液体折射率的检测。相较于其他的检测方法,光子晶体的应用使其具有体积小、测量范围广、易于与激光器件集成并且不受外界电磁环境影响等优点。     

温度自补偿高灵敏度非本征光纤珐珀横向负载传感器

为了提高光纤EFPI传感器的灵敏度,提出了一种新型EFPI传感结构,并对其温度特性以及横向负载特性进行了研究。首先,介绍了采用端面镀钯金膜的光纤EFPI传感器的结构及其制作方法;接着,建立了镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度传感模型,并通过Solidworks、Hypermesh与有限元分析软件ANSYS联合仿真,对它在不同受压力下进行理论模拟,获得了腔长变化与压力之间的关系;最后,对传统的光纤EFPI与镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度和横向负载特性进行了对比试验。试验结果表明,镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度灵敏度为6.083pm/℃,具有温度自补偿特性;它对横向负载的检测灵敏度可达40.83m/g,相对于传统的光纤EFPI横向负载的灵敏度提高了2.10倍。实验结果与理论分析相符合,为实际制作具有温度自补偿的高灵敏度光纤EFPI传感器提供了理论与实验依据。     

光纤环的应力测试分析

光纤环作为光纤陀螺的主要构成部分,其内部应力变化会给陀螺精度带来不可忽视的影响。介绍了光纤应力分析仪的工作原理,并初步探讨光纤环在各种条件下的应力分布及使用光纤应力分析仪对其进行其测试的结果。通过ANSYS有限元分析光纤环支架在不同温度变化和振动前后对光纤环应力变化的影响。在此基础上,提出了陀螺结构改进方法。     

基于光斑旋转位移光纤传感器的多点监控

为了实现位移传感器的多点监控,设计了5个光纤环组成的光纤传感器,通过减小其中1个光纤环的半径使光纤出射端获得双光斑,当其他4个的任意1个光纤环在外力的作用下产生形变时,会使出射双光斑发生旋转,通过记录和分析4个光纤环形变和输出双光斑的旋转角度之间的关系,获得周围环境人员流动情况。实验表明,光斑旋转角度与传感器位移在一定范围内存在良好的线性响应关系,该传感器可以有效地应用于实际的多点监控中。     

基于超弹性体材料的微型光纤法珀压力传感器

针对体内介入式医疗应用需求,提出一种基于超弹性体材料的微型光纤法珀压力传感器设计与制作方法。 通过理论分 析建立了适合超弹性体硅橡胶材料的 Mooney-Rivlin 力学仿真模型,对不同组分、厚度感压材料的受压变形状态进行了理论分 析,并获得优化的传感器材料及结构参数。 进一步提出微型光纤法珀压力传感器的制作方法,通过感压性能测试、温度影响测 试和体外血液压力测试,对比验证了不同参数传感器的感压性能。 结果表明,在感压材料直径 180 μm、厚度 250 μm 时,测压范 围 0~ 40 kPa 内传感器的压力灵敏度达到 154. 56 nm/ kPa,20℃ ~ 50℃大温度范围内引起的压力测量相对误差仅为 0. 36% ,温度 对压力测量的影响完全可忽略。 相比传统膜片式光纤压力传感器,基于超弹性体材料的微型光纤法珀压力传感器不仅尺寸小、 灵敏度高,还具有成本低、方便制作的技术优势。