预应力FRP布压型钢板与混凝土组合楼板的滑移

针对预应力FRP布压型钢板与混凝土组合楼板结构特点和实际受力分析,利用弹性分析理论,建立了预应力FRP布压型钢板与混凝土组合楼板相对滑移微分方程,并求解简支组合楼板在均匀荷载作用下的变形,以期为这类新型结构的研究积累经验。     

Strengthening of prestressed concrete girders with composites: Installation,design and inspection

The application of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel reinforced polymer (SRP) materials to the tension side of a reinforced/prestressed concrete member has been accepted as a strengthening technique to increase the load carrying capacity and in some cases can enhance member serviceability. Proper installation and regular inspection of a composite (FRP or SRP) strengthening system is important since quality of the bond is essential to internally transfer forces. This paper describes an experimental programme conducted to study the behaviour of six prestressed concrete bridge girders, which were tested under static and fatigue loading conditions. The test results were combined with the results of 16 other girders tested by the authors to develop structural design guidelines and guidelines on the installation and inspection of composite strengthening systems. The behaviour was also examined using value engineering to evaluate the cost-effectiveness by investigating the overall system performance. Research findings indicate that SRP materials are more structurally efficient than carbon FRP (CFRP) materials. The results of an inspection demonstration programme, including the pull-off testing of over 150 CFRP samples, has shown that the most effective inspection techniques are visual inspection, pull-off testing, and acoustic sounding.     

Structural behaviour of aluminium bridge deck panels

The use of lightweight bridge decks made of FRP composites or aluminium alloys is particularly effective for replacing deteriorated bridge decks. Therefore a research program has been undertaken to develop and implement an innovative aluminium bridge deck system, which would be applicable and realizable in domestic conditions. Several service load and ultimate load tests have been carried out on the prefabricated 2.10×3.20 m deck panels, in order to examine and evaluate the panel behaviour under standard truck load, and when loaded to failure. The results of the service load study indicated adequate strength and stiffness of the deck panel. Two ultimate-load tests were conducted to further investigate the failure mechanism. The study clearly demonstrates that an aluminium bridge deck panel is a feasible alternative to RC decks from the standpoint of stiffness, strength and load carrying capacity.     

PC梁桥斜交混凝土面板在车辆轮压荷载作用下的受力特性

针对预应力混凝土（PC）梁桥结构斜交桥面出现的经常性裂缝,对一座斜交角为46°的桥梁的桥面应变进行现场实测,通过校验和修正有限元模型研究了典型斜交钢筋混凝土面板在车辆轮压荷载作用下的受力特性。结果表明:行驶车辆引起的桥面应变很小,车辆荷载的单独作用不可能引起混凝土开裂,但是车辆轮压荷载的反复作用可以产生裂缝或使已经存在的裂缝变宽、变长甚至肉眼可见;轮压荷载作用的局部效应对总应变响应的影响很大,特别是对长跨桥梁或车辆在桥梁的跨中位置,桥面作为组合截面的一个组分,其导致的整体效应主要依赖于所研究的位置;车辆荷载引起的总应变效应随着桥面斜交角的增加而略有增加。     

钢绞线、FRP筋预应力加固混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

纤维增强复合材料是一种新型的材料,对FRP筋材使用预应力的方式加固混凝土梁,是一种新兴的加固技术,可以有效地发挥FRP的高强性能。为了研究混凝土梁加固以后的抗弯性能,采用试验研究与理论分析相结合的方法,制作了12根混凝土梁试件,通过试验比较CFRP筋、BFRP筋和高强钢绞线3种预应力筋材的加固效果,包括开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限承载力,对加固梁的裂缝开展、刚度提高以及破坏形式进行初步研究和探讨。     

玄武岩纤维筋的力学特性与破坏模式试验研究

玄武岩纤维筋预应力锚索的主体受力构件为BFRP筋,对BFRP筋的力学性质和破坏模式进行研究,可为BFRP筋预应力锚索在不同岩土工程对象中的应用提供参考和技术指导。研究表明：BFRP筋是一种典型的线弹性材料,极限荷载张拉破坏前筋材只存在线性应变,张拉过程中由于纵向拉伸下筋材环氧树脂基体传递剪力滞后使得BFRP筋具有自断口向两端发展的“灯笼状”破坏模式,极限荷载作用下BFRP筋聚集的弹性能瞬间释放,筋材发生脆性破坏,破坏前无明显征兆;相比于表面未粘砂的BFRP筋,表面粘砂的BFRP筋由于砂粒占据了筋材表面一定空间,导致其环氧树脂基体对玄武岩纤维的包裹程度降低,造成表面粘砂的BFRP筋强度稍低于表面未粘砂的BFRP筋。总的来看,尽管BFRP筋的抗拉强度较高,但其变形能力和抗剪切能力较弱,破坏前不存在屈服变形,单一手段的BFRP筋预应力锚索在动载或大变形能力的岩土锚固工程中适用性较差。     

基于非接触式观测技术的FRP/ECC复合材料#br# 反复受拉本构关系模型

考虑不同种类的纤维复合材料（FRP）格栅、格栅层数及加卸载循环方式,采用非接触式观测技术（DIC）和传统应变片测量方法,对FRP格栅与ECC复合材料试件进行了单轴反复拉伸试验,研究复合材料的轴向抗拉力学性能,验证DIC非接触式观测技术的有效性。在试验结果的基础上,提出了FRP/ECC复合材料反复受拉本构关系模型。试验结果表明,玄武岩（BFRP）格栅/ECC能充分地发挥纤维格栅的材料性能和ECC基体的高延伸性和多点开裂特性,显著提高ECC基体的极限抗拉强度。不同循环加载方式对FRP/ECC复合材料试件的加卸载路径有显著影响,但对其极限应力/应变的影响较小。BFRP/ECC复合材料的变形恢复能力要优于CFRP/ECC复合材料的变形恢复能力。DIC非接触式观测技术能有效地捕捉到试件的开裂,观测裂缝的萌生、发展过程,获得破坏形态,获得应力-应变全曲线。计算结果表明,建议的应力-应变关系模型与试验结果吻合较好,可以有效地预测FRP/ECC复合材料的反复受拉本构关系。     

疲劳损伤锈蚀预应力混凝土梁受力性能研究

对经历不同疲劳加载历程的锈蚀预应力混凝土梁进行静力加载，研究了疲劳损伤锈蚀预应力混凝土梁的受力性能。采用三维激光扫描技术获得了锈蚀预应力筋几何模型。试验结果表明：不均匀锈蚀诱发预应力筋在截面积最小且存在明显锈坑处发生脆性断裂；疲劳损伤后锈蚀预应力混凝土梁初始刚度发生退化，变形能力明显降低，具有脆性破坏特征；随疲劳损伤程度的增加，锈蚀预应力钢丝的变形能力降低；普通钢筋屈服平台缩短，极限应变降低。     

BFRP模壳加固混凝土墩柱抗震性能试验研究

针对围堰、沉箱等方法加固水下桥梁墩柱需排水施工、成本高、施工困难以及施工周期长等问题,提出BFRP模壳不排水快速加固水下混凝土墩柱技术。为研究该种方法加固混凝土墩柱的抗震性能,设计并制作了5个BFRP模壳加固墩柱和3个未加固普通混凝土墩柱进行低周反复荷载试验,研究了各柱的破坏形态、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力及延性,并分析了BFRP模壳加固、混凝土膨胀剂、长细比等因素对墩柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明：BFRP模壳加固后的试件破坏类型为压弯破坏;BFRP模壳加固后,试件的滞回曲线较为饱满,峰值荷载提高了100%~138%,位移延性系数提高了0.4%~38%,耗能能力得到显著提高,总体上,抗震加固效果良好。     

体外预应力连续组合梁预应力筋拉力计算方法及全过程受力分析

对体外预应力钢-混凝士连续组合梁进行全过程受力分析时,需准确计算预应力筋的拉力,因此,对预应力组合梁中预应力增量及全过程受力分析的计算方法进行了研究.根据梁体自身在荷载作用下的变形条件,采用几何方法给出了各种布筋形式下体外预应力筋伸长量的计算方法;基于共轭梁法,并考虑连续组合梁内力重分布,采用迭代法得到了预应力连续组合...     

Behaviour of a masonry arch bridge repaired using fibre-reinforced polymer composites

This paper describes a series of laboratory tests investigating the behaviour of a large model masonry arch bridge repaired with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) on its intrados. Many similar masonry arch bridges form critical links in the world’s transport infrastructure, but they are often not suited to the increased demands of modern traffic loading, especially in ageing arch structures that have suffered structural deterioration. FRP plates, adhesively bonded to the intrados of the masonry arch are a convenient method for strengthening arch bridges. The tests described in this paper demonstrated that FRP strengthening is an effective technique for improving the structural performance of a masonry arch bridge.A two-span, single-ring semi-circular brick arch bridge was tested in this study, complete with fill material. Each of the spans was initially loaded to investigate their response and to establish a four-hinge collapse mechanism, simulating damage prior to strengthening. FRP strengthening was then applied to the two arches, and each of the spans was again tested separately until the failure of the strengthening system. The global (load and deflection) and local (crack width and FRP strain) response of the structure was recorded. The FRP strengthening resisted flexural crack opening in the masonry, and hence prevented a four-hinge mechanism collapse. Failure instead occurred when the FRP strengthening debonded from the masonry adjacent to an existing intrados hinge crack. As well as shear debonding adjacent to flexural cracks in the masonry, peel debonding occurred where shear deformation occurred across a masonry crack. Catastrophic collapse did not occur, as the FRP continued to contribute to the load capacity by acting as a tie after the ultimate load had been reached.     

BFRP-钢板-混凝土组合双连梁抗震性能试验研究

为研究BFRP-钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的受力性能和破坏机理,完成了1个普通钢筋混凝土单连梁、1个普通钢筋混凝土双连梁、1个内置钢板的钢筋混凝土双连梁、1个外包BFRP布的钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的低周往复加载试验,研究了不同连梁形式和外包BFRP布对其抗震性能的影响,分析了各连梁的破坏形态、破坏特征、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等,并利用数字图像相关（DIC）测试技术分析了BFRP布应变随位移和时间变化的分布规律。结果表明：内置钢板和包裹BFRP布后,双连梁的延性、耗能和承载力均有显著提高;内置钢板显著提高了普通钢筋混凝土双连梁的承载能力和耗能能力,包裹BFRP布有效地提高了钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的持荷能力,BFRP布能较好地抑制混凝土裂缝的开展以及延缓混凝土的破坏速度。DIC测试技术能够较好地测定连梁外包BFRP布的变形以及应变变化,BFRP布在靠近梁墙交界处所受的力较大。     

Experimental study on seismic behavior of BFRP-plate-reinforced composite double coupling beams

为研究BFRP-钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的受力性能和破坏机理，完成了1个普通钢筋混凝土单连梁、1个普通钢筋混凝土双连梁、1个内置钢板的钢筋混凝土双连梁、1个外包BFRP布的钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的低周往复加载试验，研究了不同连梁形式和外包BFRP布对其抗震性能的影响，分析了各连梁的破坏形态、破坏特征、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等，并利用数字图像相关（DIC）测试技术分析了BFRP布应变随位移和时间变化的分布规律。结果表明：内置钢板和包裹BFRP布后，双连梁的延性、耗能和承载力均有显著提高；内置钢板显著提高了普通钢筋混凝土双连梁的承载能力和耗能能力，包裹BFRP布有效地提高了钢板-混凝土组合双连梁的持荷能力，BFRP布能较好地抑制混凝土裂缝的开展以及延缓混凝土的破坏速度。DIC测试技术能够较好地测定连梁外包BFRP布的变形以及应变变化，BFRP布在靠近梁墙交界处所受的力较大。     

预应力混凝土弯桥的极限承载力及其分析

针对传统的平面线弹性理论无法客观分析预应力混凝土桥梁中预应力效应和极限承载力的问题,采用三维实体退化单元模拟混凝土,用荷载等效移置模拟预应力,同时引入材料非线性,对一座典型的曲线梁桥的极限承载力和影响参数进行了分析研究。结果表明,提高结构预应力度,结构的开裂荷载将有所提高,但结构的延性显著降低,极限位移有所减小;采用部分预应力混凝土,结构开裂荷载有所下降,但结构的延性有所增加,对提高抗震性能有利;布置腹板束的弯桥极限承载力要好于仅布置平板预应力束的弯桥。     

An approach to determine long-term behavior of concrete members prestressed with FRP tendons

The combined effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing tendons cause gradual changes in the stresses in both concrete and prestressing tendons. A simple method is presented to calculate the long-term prestress loss and the long-term change in concrete stresses in continuous prestressed concrete members with either carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) or aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) tendons. The method satisfies the requirements of equilibrium and compatibility and avoids the use of any empirical multipliers. A simple graph is proposed to evaluate the reduced relaxation in AFRP tendons. It is shown that the prestress loss in FRP tendons is significantly less than that when using prestressing steel, mainly because of the lower moduli of elasticity of FRP tendons. The long-term changes in concrete stresses and deflection can be either smaller or greater than those of comparable girders prestressed with steel tendons, depending on the type of FRP tendons and the initial stress profile of the cross-section under consideration.     

闵浦大桥上层钢桥面铺装力学分析与优化设计

以沥青混合料铺装层的最大拉应力、铺装层与钢桥面板间最大剪应力等为控制指标,对闵浦大桥双层桥面的上层钢桥面裸板及铺装层进行了力学响应分析。计算结果表明:轮载作用下正交异性钢桥面板的力学响应具有显著的局部特征,与荷载作用位置密切相关;上层钢桥面上弦杆宽度范围内局部的变形量接近0.8mm,对铺装层的受力不利,应进行加劲处理;上层钢桥面上弦杆靠近轮迹带的支撑点和T型纵向加劲肋与钢表面板的交汇点为钢桥面铺装受力最不利点,应进行优化设计。最后提出:对上弦杆部分的钢桥面板进行局部加劲处理,供载重骑车行驶的外侧两车道的钢桥面板厚度宜采用16mm。     

宿迁市文体馆预应力网壳结构设计施工

在网壳中施加预应力 ,可有效地调节各杆件及球节点内力 ,减小结构变形 ,同时可平衡网壳在支座处产生的水平推力。结合一工程实践 ,介绍了预应力筋在网壳中的布置形式及相关的预应力设计施工技术     

Extending the lifetime of steel truss bridges by cost-efficient strengthening interventions

Abstract

The large number of existing bridges and viaducts all around the country has become a major problem for bridge owners. In the specific case of steel truss bridges, a reasonable method to extend the lifetime of existing structures is represented by the introduction of new deck systems combined with diffused strengthening interventions. In this study, a stepwise approach considering different loading conditions is presented (historical and Eurocode loads). The structural analysis has been performed on a case study bridge with a finite element model (FEM) calibrated on load tests. It was found that the predicted deformation agreed reasonably with the experimental results. Different strengthening alternatives were analysed and discussed: the introduction of orthotropic deck; the construction of composite deck with differentiating thickness and ordinary concrete strength; the construction of composite deck with differentiating thickness and high concrete strength; in some cases, also steel-to-steel interventions on the bridge are provided. It has been found that the best structural strengthening alternative lies in the construction of a composite concrete or of an ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) or an ultra high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) deck with a reduced thickness (compared with traditional interventions) resting on the existing steel structure combined with steel-to-steel interventions.     

Combined loading of a bridge deck reinforced with a structural FRP stay-in-place form

The investigation of a structural fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) stay-in-place (SIP) form used to construct and reinforce a deck for a prototype military bridge system is discussed in this paper. For this application the deck is subjected to combined bending and compressive longitudinal axial load because it also serves as the top chord of the truss for the bridge system. In an experimental program, deck specimens were tested in several configurations. The results are compared to ACI 440 design guide equations, and capacity prediction techniques are proposed for limit states associated with flexural and flexural-shear under the combined loading. It was found that the ACI 440 equations accurately predicted the flexural and flexural-shear capacities under combined loads provided that eccentricity due to the combined loading was accounted for in the calculations.     

Steel–concrete composite bridge deck slab with profiled sheeting

This paper presents an experimental study of a steel–concrete composite bridge deck slab with profiled sheeting and perfobond shear connectors. Two full-scale deck slab specimens cast onto three concrete blocks were fabricated and tested under static loading to examine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the proposed deck slab system under sagging and hogging bending actions. The ultimate behaviour of the full-scale deck slab specimens is also compared with that of simply supported deck specimens under hogging bending only. In addition, the load–deflection behaviour of the proposed deck system is compared with that of a reinforced concrete (RC) deck slab. The test results indicate that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the proposed deck system is at least 220% greater than that of the RC deck system and that the deck weighs about 23% less than the RC deck system. The paper summarizes the test results, findings, and recommendations for future study.