昆明山海棠抗生育作用的形态学研究：Ⅰ.睾丸,附睾的组织化学观察

本文应用组织化学方法探讨昆明山海棠(TH)对雄性大鼠睾丸,附睾的DNA、RNA.乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、ATP酶,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6PDH)等的影响。成年雄性SD大鼠用昆明山海棠根50%乙醇提取物灌胃给药,剂量1.0g/kg/日,每周六次,共6周,所有用药鼠均丧失生育力。用药鼠附睾管腔内精子减少或完全消失,并可见少量脱落和退化的生精细胞(主要是精子细胞)。附睾头、尾部管腔内精子大部分呈断头、卷尾等畸形。精子LDH.SDH活性明显下降。精子细胞及残余体RNA凝集成块,而精原细胞、精母细胞,支持和间质细胞及附睾各段上皮细胞的形态和组织化学均未见明显改变。本实验表明,TH主要影响精子细胞RNA的功能及精子糖代谢,而对其它生精细胞无明显作用。     

雷公藤多戒对大鼠附睾尾精子作用的扫描电镜观察

SD大鼠17只,分3组。实验组(2组)每天分别用胃针灌服悬混于羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)中的雷公藤多甙(简称GTW,泰州制药厂产,批号860216),20 mg/kg(6只)和30 mg/kg(5只),每周6天,共4周。对照组(6只)灌服CMC。各组分别于服药第2和第4周各剖杀2～3只,取睾丸和附睾做常规组织切片,HE染色,并制精子涂片,光镜观察;同时制备扫描电镜标本。服药2周时,对照组睾丸、附睾和附睾尾精子均无明显异常。20 mg组:光镜下无损伤,电镜下偶见精子尾部质膜膨出,但头颈部正常。30mg组:睾丸结构未见异常,附睾中见少量脱落精子细胞,精子涂片可见尾局部质膜膨出。电镜下许多精子头颈部表面结构正常,而尾部病理改变为鞭毛表面外突,呈梭形或囊状,也可见质膜穿孔呈圆形或椭圆形;有的局部质膜破裂,鞭毛内容物外溢。服药4周时,对照组无异常。20 mg组:4只鼠中有1只     

巴戟天对微波损伤的雄鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

目的探讨微波辐射对雄鼠的生精功能的影响及巴戟天对损伤后雄鼠的生精功能的修复作用。方法 24只SD大鼠随机均分为空白组、辐射组和给药组。用对讲机微波辐照辐射组和给药组;给药组在辐射后巴戟天灌胃。三组均在相同条件下饲养。1周后观察各组雄鼠的睾丸指数、精子活性及精子密度等指标的变化。结果辐射组相对空白组睾丸指数、精子活性以及精子密度降低(P0.05),附睾指数变化没有统计学意义(P0.05);给药组相对辐射组附睾指数、睾丸指数、精子活性、精子活动率均增高(P0.05);而给药组相对空白组睾丸指数、精子活性以及精子密度增高(P0.05),附睾指数变化没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论巴戟天对微波损伤的雄鼠睾丸生精功能有修复作用。     

环磷酰胺下调大鼠睾丸OCT-4和GDNF表达

目的探讨抗肿瘤药物环磷酰胺对大鼠睾丸和精原干细胞相关因子OCT-4和GDNF表达的影响。方法 12只8周龄大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,每组6只;实验组每天腹腔注射环磷酰胺50 mg/kg,连续3 d,用药4周后PAS染色法观察大鼠睾丸组织学变化,精原细胞,生精小管直径和附睾尾部精子数量。免疫组织化学法检测精原干细胞相关分子OCT-4和GDNF表达水平。结果与对照组比较,实验组大鼠体重、睾丸和附睾重量均显著减轻,睾丸组织学无明显改变,附睾精子活动度降低,附睾精子和精原细胞数量减少。实验组GDNF表达明显减少,而OCT-4表达水平无明显变化。结论环磷酰胺短期用药可造成精子发生的损害,其中精原细胞的减少可能与损害后GDNF表达下调有关。     

癫痫对雄性大鼠睾丸及附睾组织病理学和超微结构的影响

目的：探讨癫痫发作对雄性Wistar大鼠睾丸及附睾组织病理和超微结构的影响。方法：运用氯化锂一匹罗卡品建立Wistar雄性大鼠癫痫模型,取睾丸、附睾分别制片观察组织病理及超微结构的形态学改变。结果：光镜观察下,A组（造模成功组）及B组（造模不成功组）大鼠睾丸生精小管内各级生精细胞排列基本整齐,结构未见明显紊乱现象,但生精细胞层次呈不同程度的减少,睾丸生精小管管腔内精子数目减少,可见坏死脱落的生精细胞,睾丸间质结构缺如,间质细胞明显减少。附睾中,A组管壁柱状细胞,基细胞层次清晰,结构整齐,微绒毛排列整齐,但管腔中精子数目明显减少,有较多的非精子细胞成分。B组附睾管腔中精子数目未见明显下降,有时可见散在的生精细胞。电镜观察下,A组大鼠睾丸生精细胞细胞核明显畸形,线粒体肿胀,线粒体膜仍然完整,但脊消失,粗面内质网肿胀明显,精子头部细胞核清晰,顶体形态不规则,尾部“9＊2＋2”结构整齐,周围包绕的线粒体鞘明显肿胀,线粒体数目明显减少。B组中仍可见上述不同程度的损害表现,附睾中,A组及B组均可见处于同一层面的主细胞,细胞核未见明显异常,核周围可见大量溶酶体,同时核周内质网均处于明显肿胀状态。C组（正常对照组）鼠睾丸及附睾切片的光镜、电镜表现皆正常。结论：癫痫不同程度的发作可引起大鼠睾丸及附睾组织病理和超微结构不同程度的改变,进而造成了雄性Wistar大鼠生殖系统相关指标的改变。     

肉苁蓉对小鼠睾丸和附睾形态学及组织化学的影响

目的　观察肉苁蓉对小鼠睾丸和附睾的形态学及组织化学的影响。方法　选昆明系雄性小鼠 30只 ,随机分为用药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组。用肉苁蓉水煎液 (4g·kg-1·d-1和 8g·kg-1·d-1)灌胃 ,对照组用生理盐水灌胃 ,三周后处死小鼠 ,测定精液中精子数量、活率、运行速度等形态学指标 ,以及精浆中果糖含量。组织化学观察睾丸和附睾琥珀酸脱氢酶和非特异性脂酶反应。结果　给药组上述指标均高于对照组。结论　提示肉苁蓉确有壮阳补肾之功效。     

巴戟天对环磷酰胺诱导的大鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

目的:探讨巴戟天在环磷酰胺诱导的大鼠生精障碍动物模型中的作用,研究巴戟天对大鼠生精功能的影响。方法:检测大鼠的精子活力、精子密度、睾丸指数、附睾指数及组织结构变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清睾酮、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)含量。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组睾丸指数、附睾指数、精子活力以及精子密度降低;治疗组相对模型组睾丸指数、附睾指数、精子活力、精子活动率均显著增高;H-E染色显示模型组生精小管直径缩小,间距增宽,生精上皮变薄,生殖细胞数量显著减少;治疗组与模型组比较生精小管壁增厚,含有精子的生精小管显著增多;模型组与空白对照组比较血清睾酮显著降低;治疗组与模型组比较其血清睾酮显著增加。结论:巴戟天对环磷酰胺诱导的生精障碍睾丸具有改善睾丸生精小管结构,促进精子发生和间质细胞分泌睾酮的功能。     

锌缺乏导致小鼠睾丸游离锌离子和附睾精子数量减少

目的研究锌缺乏对小鼠睾丸游离锌离子和附睾精子数量的影响。方法锌缺乏饲养小鼠5周后,应用ZnSe金属自显影技术对小鼠睾丸和附睾进行染色,观察睾丸和附睾锌离子的分布,同时计数附睾精子数量,并与对照组小鼠的精子数量做对比。结果缺锌喂养后的小鼠睾丸游离锌离子明显减少,并且睾丸生精小管管腔狭小,生殖细胞层厚度增加,此外,附睾精子数量也明显低于对照组。结论睾丸和附睾内游离锌离子减少是锌缺乏小鼠精子数量下降的原因,本结果有助于改善男性生殖健康的状况。     

何首乌饮对衰老大鼠精子质量的影响

目的:探讨何首乌饮对衰老大鼠精子质量的影响。方法:荧光显微镜观察附睾尾精子质膜和DNA完整性、线粒体功能并计数200个精子中正常精子的百分数。生物化学发光法检测各组大鼠血清睾酮的浓度,计算睾丸指数。结果:自然衰老组大鼠质膜和DNA完整性精子数量明显减少,线粒体功能异常的精子明显增多,血清睾酮含量明显下降,与青年对照组比较差异有统计学意义;而何首乌饮和何首乌丸组正常精子数量比自然衰老组大鼠显著增多,血清睾酮含量明显增加,且用药60 d何首乌饮组显著多于其余各组。结论:何首乌饮能够明显提高衰老大鼠血清睾酮含量,改善精子质量,对精子起到保护作用。     

吸入高浓度氢气增强四氯化碳损伤性大鼠生精细胞核糖体蛋白S6激酶的表达

目的探讨吸入3%氢气对四氯化碳(CCl4)损伤性大鼠生精细胞核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70s6k)表达及其增殖功能的影响。方法将18只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组、CCl4组和氢气治疗组。对照组每周一、四背部皮下注射橄榄油(0.12ml/100g),CCl4组和氢气组每周一、周四皮下注射体积分数60%的CCl4-橄榄油(0.3ml/100g),连续4周。氢气组自实验的第22天吸入3%氢气,1h/d,连续7d。取右侧睾丸和附睾,行石蜡包埋切片,苏木素伊红染色和免疫组织化学染色。取左侧睾丸组织,行Western blotting检测。结果对照组睾丸生精小管内可见多层生精细胞,排列有续,结构完整。CCl4组睾丸生精小管细胞层数减少,结构紊乱,附睾管柱状上皮变薄;氢气组生精细胞数量和附睾管高柱状上皮细胞明显改善。CCl4组大鼠附睾精子密度较对照组降低,氢气组的精子密度明显高于CCl4组(t=4.91,P0.05)。免疫组织化学染色显示,氢气组生精细胞质中p70s6k(t=7.63,P0.05)和PCNA(t=20.08,P0.05)的表达明显强于CCl4组。Western blotting检测显示,氢气组睾丸组织中p70s6k的表达与CCl4组相比明显增强(t=3.64,P0.05)。结论吸入高浓度氢气能明显增强CCl4损伤性大鼠睾丸生精细胞p70s6k的表达,改善CCl4损伤引起的的生精细胞的增殖功能。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠附睾尾精子作用的扫描电镜观察

SD大鼠17只,分三组。实验组(二组)每天分别胃针灌服悬混于羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)的雷公藤多甙,20mg/kg(6鼠)和30mg/kg(5鼠),每周6天,共4周,对照组(6鼠)灌服等量CMC。各组分别于第2和第4周各剖杀2-3只动物,主要做扫描电镜观察。结果说明GTW对附睾精子的作用可能先于睾丸,但随剂量的增大及作用时间的延长而逐渐波及曲细精管。对GTW最敏感的结构可能主要是鞭毛膜等膜性结构,对精于膜的损伤似乎先波及尾部,再损及头颈段。     

雷公藤多甙对豚鼠初级精母细胞影响的形态定量分析

用雷公藤多甙灌喂豚鼠,6周后观察豚鼠睾丸的光镜结构变化,并应用图像分析仪测量睾丸初级精母细胞核的形态参数,进行分析比较。结果表明:服药后曲细精管受到严重损害,其中初级精母细胞的数量大为减少,且胞质呈空泡化,胞核有的固缩,有的则完全溶解。形态定量分析显示实验组初级精母细胞核的平均面积、平均等效直径均明显减小(P<0.01),而核的平均形态因子及平均灰度则显示增大(分别为P<0.001和P<0.01)。结果提示雷公藤对豚鼠睾丸初级精母细胞有显著的损害作用。     

Degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium following epididymal obstruction in prepubertal rats

The development of the testes was studied in rats following prepubertal obstruction of the epididymis. Male rats received bilateral ligation of the corpus epididymidis or a sham operation at 10 days of age, and temporal changes in testicular morphology and weights of reproductive organs were determined at intervals spanning sexual maturation. Development of the testes was normal through 35 days of age. The initial histological changes in the testes of ligated animals, observed at 56 days, included an increased diameter of the seminiferous tubule lumen, depletion of spermatids, and the presence of multinucleate spermatids. Subsequently, germ cells were greatly depleted in the testes of 91‐ and 128‐day‐old rats with ligated epididymides. After puberty, testicular weight and volume declined relative to corresponding sham‐operated animals. On the other hand, the weights of the epididymides in ligated animals prior to puberty significantly exceeded those of sham‐operated rats but weighed significantly less than those of rats in the sham group after sexual maturation. Testicular alterations occurred after increases in the weights of the epididymides. Testicular changes may have contributed to rather than resulted from an autoimmune response to spermatozoa because testicular alterations preceded increases in antisperm autoantibodies. Anat Rec 254:76–86, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Reproduction in male swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor): puberty and the effects of season

This study describes pubertal changes in testes and epididymides and seasonal changes in the adult male reproductive organs and plasma androgen concentrations of the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor). Pre-pubescent males had testes with solid seminiferous cords and spermatogenesis only to the stage of gonocytes. Their epididymides had empty lumina along their entire length. The testes of three males undergoing puberty had some lumen formation and mitotic activity. Their epididymides were similar in appearance to those of adult males but were entirely devoid of any cells within the lumen of the duct. Three other pubescent males showed full lumen formation in the testes and spermatogenesis up to the elongating spermatid stage. Their epididymides were similar in appearance to those of adult males but with no spermatozoa in the duct. However, cells of testicular origin were found in the lumen of the duct in all regions suggesting that testicular fluids and immature germ cells shed into the rete testes flow through the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis before the release of mature testicular spermatozoa. The weights of testes and epididymides of adult males showed no change throughout the year but prostate weight and plasma androgen concentrations varied significantly with season, with maximums in spring and summer and minimums in winter. The volume fraction of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules was significantly lower in winter than in summer; but, despite this, maturing spermatozoa were found in the testes throughout the year. Females in the area conceived year-round, suggesting that seasonal changes in the male reproductive tract did not prevent at least some males from breeding throughout the year.     

Deleterious effects of cypermethrin on semen characteristics and testes of dwarf goats (Capra hircus)

This study was carried out on 30 male dwarf goats to determine the effects of cypermethrin (CY) on semen characteristics and at tissue level in testes. Animals were divided randomly into five equal groups and each group was dipped with 0%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8% or 1.6% CY, on days 0 and 15. The semen was collected at day 0, then fortnightly till 75 days and evaluated for physical characteristics, sperm morphology and concentration. None of the parameters studied showed any statistical difference on days 0 and 15 of sample collection. From day 30, effect of CY on semen characteristics started to appear and was more pronounced from days 45 to 75. Significantly (P<0.01) decreased ejaculatory volume, motility percentage, mass activity, and concentration of spermatozoa were observed in treated groups as compared to control. With the treatment of CY, pH of semen became more alkaline. Semen color changed from creamy (control) to milky white to straw color in treated bucks. Percentage of abnormal spermatozoa (tailless, bent tails, coiled tailed) was much higher in treated animals than in control. Dead spermatozoa increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment groups from days 30 to 75 as compared to the control group. All these changes were dose dependent, being less with low CY dose and more even extensive with high CY dose. Slight to moderate improvement in the above parameters was observed at day 75 nearly in all treated groups. Grossly decreased weight of testis and cyanotic epididymides were observed in bucks treated with 1.6% CY. Histopathologically, degenerative changes and loss of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, Sertoli cells, spermatids, and spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were also dose dependent. It was concluded that CY caused dose-dependent effects on all parameters studied. High doses of CY (0.8% and 1.6% solution) affected the parameters on semen characteristics, though this effect seems to be transient as improvement in these parameters was observed at day 75; however, CY in goats should be used with great care to avoid over-dosage.     

Accumulation of cadmium and its effects on testis function in rats given diet containing cadmium-polluted radish bulb

The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) incorporated in radish bulb and its effects on testes function in male rats. Control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulb for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing Cd-polluted radish bulb (1.1 microg Cd/g of diet) for the same periods as in controls. At each time point, rats were killed and plasma was collected, and the testes and epididymides were removed. The findings indicated that the ratio of testes weight to body weight of contaminated rats was identical to that of control rats. Cd concentration in the testes significantly and gradually increased from the 4th to the 12th week of treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma testosterone levels significantly increased, while epididymal sperm concentration significantly decreased in contaminated rats as compared to correspondent controls.     

Vitamin status and spermatogenesis in rats during late stages after irradiation in various doses

The content of vitamin B₂ in testes increased 6.5 months postirradiation irrespective of the irradiation dose. The concentration of vitamin E decreased. The least pronounced decrease was observed in animals irradiated with 0.5 Gy; these changes persisted for 15.5 months. The concentration of spermatozoa, the weight of epididymides and body weight increased. No changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were found. Histological changes in the testes attest to inhibited growth of the spermatogenic epithelium in convoluted seminiferous tubules, which depended on the irradiation dose. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 42–44, July, 1999     

Conjugates of aberrant gangliosides in antiglioma vaccine: toxicological assay

We studied the effects of sodium succinate on the reproductive system and blood leukocyte count in rats 30 and 60 days after fractionated irradiation in a dose of 1 Gy. Sodium succinate in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5% was given ad libitum with water before (1 week) and during irradiation (5 days). The preparation promoted morphofunctional recovery of the testes and epididymides and restored the count of peripheral blood leukocytes.     

Modification of the Testicular Function in Laboratory Male Mice during Social Interactions: Effect of Female Presence

The count of spermatozoa in both caudal epididymides, percentage of abnormal spermatozoon heads and of mobile spermatozoa, body weight, weights of the testes and caudal epididymides were evaluated in adult inbred males (PT and CBA/Lac) kept with females for 5 days. Male mice of the same genotypes and age separated from females served as controls. In males kept with females, the weights of the testes increased in PT male mice, the percentage of rapidly mobile spermatozoa increased in CBA/Lac mice, and body weights decreased in males of both genotypes. The morphometric and spermatogenic parameters in laboratory mice were modulated by the presence of a female, but the effect was determined by the male genotype.